What is

Biology?

BIOLOGY
the study of living
things

5
Characteristics
of All Living
Things

5 Characteristics of
Living Things
Made of Cells

Obtain & Use Energy

Grow and Develop
Respond to Environment
Reproduce

Number of Cells
Unicellularone cell
Multicellularmany cells

Obtain and Use Energy

Plants:
Photosynthesis
Animals:
Cellular Respiration

Equation for
Photosynthesis
LIGHT

6CO2 + 6H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon Dioxide and Water

react with light to produce
glucose and oxygen

Equation for
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Glucose + Oxygen yield

Carbon Dioxide, Water and
ATP (energy)

Grow & Develop

Metamorphosis
Puberty
Death

Respond to Environment

Do what it takes
survive & maintain
homeostasis

Types of Reproduction

Asexualone parent
Sexualtwo parents

Made of
Cells

UNICELLULAR

Made of just
ONE cell

MULTICELLULAR

Made of more
than one cell

Figure 1.5
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus.

Nucleus

1.45 m

Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane bound nucleus.

0.29 m

Reproduce

SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Two parents each
provide a sex cell

ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Single organism
reproduces without
another

Grow and
Develop

Grow and Develop

Birth
Growth
Death

Obtain and
Use Energy

Obtain and Use

Energy
Photosynthesis
Cellular
Respriation

Respond to
their
Environment

Respond to
Environment
Movement
Behavior

SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Two parents each
provide a sex cell

ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Single organism
reproduces without
another

Who are we?

o
o
o
o
o

We need structure
We need to reproduce
We need to grow and develop
We need energy
We need to interact with the environment

We need structure

Tissue

Cell

Organelle

Structure
gives us
function!

Organ

Molecule
Organism

We need to reproduce

We need to grow and develop

We need energy

We interact with the environment

What we will study:

o We need structure

o Molecular structure: Cell

o We need to reproduce
o Genetics

o We need to grow and develop

o Cell growth/replication

o We need energy
o Cell metabolism

o We need to interact with the environment

o Cell sensing/membrane interactions
o Regulation

Who are we?

Underlying theme: How are we
different?

How are we the same?

o Same basic molecular make-up (atoms,
compounds, macromolecules, etc)
o Same genetic code:DNA
o Similar genes proteins
o Similar cell structure

How are we different?

Evolution
o Simple

Complex organisms

o More genes

More proteins

More enzymes

o Different genes Different proteins

Different enzymes
o More and different organelles more and
different cells more and different tissue
more and different organs

Who are we?

o
o
o
o
o

We need structure
We need to reproduce
We need to grow and develop
We need energy
We need to interact with the environment
Underlying theme: Evolution has created diversity
WE=ALL ORGANISMS

(where life is possible)

(living and non
living environment)
(All organisms in a
given place & time)

(A living individual)

(A group of the same type

of organism living in the
same place and time)

(Organs connected physically or chemically

that function together)

(A structure consisting of
tissues organized to carry out
specific functions)

(The fundamental
unit of life)

(A collection of
specialized cells)
(A membrane bound
structure within a
complex cell)

( A small group of joined atoms)

(The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure

substance or element)

The Cell Theory

Pattern Component of the Cell Theory: a

pattern observed in nature

Cells are first described and identified

Hooke, 1665 and van Leeuwenhoek.
Plant tissues composed of cells Malphigi,
1670's
Schleiden and Schwann all organisms
are composed of cells.

Figure 1.1
The first view of cells: Robert Hookes drawing from 1665

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to view a single-celled animalcules

in pond water.