A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin John F. Collins ‘The Catholic Unies of Ames Press Wanagten DeSam Eztgh ett ate Sel piel a ae opted cheatin perce 8 pamela cee in, toga pines nde Pet ae huh aCe eclesiatcl Latin isa house of many mansions: in tare found the Laun of frome’ Bible and that of canon la the Lato ofthe ltargy and of the stolastic philosophers, che Latin of Ambrosian hymns ‘and papal bulls. The lit may be extended As a sre foundation fo fhe study of any perculer for of Latin wed bythe Church, this fext concentates onthe language ofthe Vslate Bible ad that of sich major Irpea text at the Mas andthe Exaultet Sncein the ‘udyof Bilal and liturgical Lau the studene encounters every ‘jr gammatial structure he wil el cafident of his prepare: ‘on to read sther kinds of eelestacal Latin, “The chief sm ofthis text ito give the sade — within a year of seody-—the silty to read ecclesiastical Latin. Aldhough Lau is no Toager dhe universal language of the Church, it coninues to shape ‘our thinking aboot theological matters fn the form of vocabulary raw from Latin texts. Further while the vernacular ao perme: rently come, fail rue chat anyone wishing eo study AUBUS- fine of Agulsas must know Latin, “earning ccleststical Latin eo two Bonuses for the sunt. Re cent seuies have shown tht the formal analysis of highly stuc- fred language uch ar Latin gives the student an improved wader- Standing ofthe purposes and possiblities of language and greatly sivances his ability to write and speak efecsively. For che student ‘planning to cud the Greek of the New Testament, Latin introduces him toa sinter language which abares many ofthe same methods of ‘espescion. Thus the study of eclesastial Latin, while an enoy- Sble and prodtable study in self, loks back othe improvement of English nd foward to he mary ofthe ogi anguge ofthe Gospels. “The eclesiasticl Latin ofthe text lagely tat of Jerome fe 4340-120 al Ambrose (3493971, Both men were masters of class= al Latin th language of Cicero and Verg, writers ofthe fst cen-fury BL but both were men oftheir own times who wrote 9 be ‘wnderstood by thet conterporais. EL and claaial Latin sae the me voabulaty, the sume forms, the same ryan But EE aside tal elements—an eaduting pat of Latin eroughout ts history hich were excluded by che iterary practitioners of lasseal Latin ‘Some EL may be agresively slangy fg, mandaeste "to gulp dows? tn place ofedere ‘to ea) EL, as frm of Latin later by four cet Ca tha ll ho acted vlna Changs 9 ‘roximating the span between Shakespeare and today. But wht ex ecially marks EL as diferent fom classical Latin i ts use as Jnguage of translation: it borrowsor asiilates constructions ord oine Greek, it borrows vorsbulary from keine Grech, adap, same Latin words to meanings and connotations foun inthe Kote ‘Greek originals In some instances the Greck i self readecng of the Hebrew. These calques and Ioan traslations se 0 frequent particularly inthe Vulgato—that some ein go so far a'to feo. ‘ognize EL as a separate dialect spoken and unerstood only By ‘Of the thirty-five units of instruction i this ex, perhaps twenty say be covered in one semester ttn in the neat, tis Tava approximately thee to four week for continuous reading of selected ‘tizinal texts uch as Mark's Gospel) tn the exercises aul quota tions from the New Testament and msor tugs ext oseus mod cstly at fis bur by the middle units aboct half the exerssesalteady sue direct quotations, some later units even lustete thelr points syntax and ther vocabulary entirely by unadepted nations The est flea ‘sits winclade with extended orga! passage, catchy adel t9 match the student” proving Knowledge of amma an! Supplemented only by the necessary loses thus inthe second se ‘este, what begins a partial devoion of tie, fet Unt 35 cae ss an entire devotion to ‘ails are included foreach unt they ae intended for ws during sd after each pammar presentation ta engage te sents iene, iaely inthe new material and so make their pivate study Tore ecient. Not al exercises need be sbsigned fr homework there ie ‘much forthe instructor to choose fom tot the need ofthe class ‘Bue student rections of exercises must inchide tanslation, pe ‘ise syntactical explanations, and frequent tasslormatonsjuch as ‘changes fom singular to plural, active 9 paseve, imperfect to poe i | pReract vit fs, nado stents ned quis ach sod and quent ‘Schistosoma popes ean in ve eer ro hw no, hen decven hen allem te conteoal aig wocby spate ec Tienda and oto confine vote st {se Inger te mening ene mo neu {cri EL. With ew excep, compound vets ised ander ‘hepimite (ie, aretha iimtented ote dente ynematc si of compounding st nite tem t salve any ‘rods pomble it constuents. ls pended eschews otf rou kinde— cn wage pide esto Engh vases rom {Eh in thc mest of emer pte owns Serato Such a alist rm the it re utd la te comet guiness ie ing ence te gute im th proces eens veld shel anachronim fe thee of Amen ool he ln pete ep ales toatl te quate rs aan ‘Xobiosn symm they sndervand the sytem btn she aes tuarke in Lat mince sod tera stl 0 be foe in some ieeeTable of Contents aie : . Pronunsaton of eclesasial Latin. 2 owl 2 Dipthangs. © Conenant & Syticaten Sylibe Quan, Accent 2. Nouns: An Overview Gener. Ramer cae 4 Tce cate Can, Daa Coe {Asatte ans 5 Abe Ions (inci toni «2 Declineon of Nowe 4, Fuse Dsclension Nouns Unie2 8 §. Second Declension Masculine Nouns. {5 Presea Tense ofthe Coplatve Verb sum ‘tobe’ 7 Kinds f Sentences, 1, Dec tetements 9, Agreement of Subject and Verb, 1, Genitive of Posesson.X TABLE oF CONTENTS Unie 3 a 1. Second Deelenrion Neuter Nouns. 12, Imperfect Tense of umn 0 be 15 Future Tense of smn to be’ 14, Dative ofthe Possesor, Unie ” 15, Adjectives: An Overview. 16 First/Second Declenson Adjectives. 17, Agreement of Adjective and Nou, 18, Nominal Seneence, 19, How to Answer Syntax Questions [1 Unies 20, Veh: An Overview “ 2 Person 5. Namba. Tene Te and Aspect, 4 ood Vos fete Fee nies Perl 4 Cound «The ons Cogan. 21, The Present Stem Syatemn Thee Tenses. 233, Present Indientive Active: Fst Conjugation. 23. Word urd. ns 24, Coordination (Compound Sentences 35. Accusative as Diret Object, 36. Dative as ndect Object. 27. Ablaive of Separation. 28. Compounding of Verb: Prepositions a Pres, 29, Parsing TABLE OF CONTENTS Unie 530. resem Indicative Active: Second Conjugation. Se. Presen indicative Active: Td Conjugation, ae pe & ote. 52, Present Indicative Active: Fourth Conugaton 33. Direct Questions 34 Ablatieof Means 35. Ablatie of Manner. nie? 436. Preset Indicative Passive All Four Conugatlons, 37, Able of Persona Agency. 38, Ablatve with Certain Adjectives. Unie 49 Imperfect Indicative Active: All Four Coniugtions, 40, Imperet inactive Passive: All Foor Conjugations ‘0, Soberdiation [Complex Sentence) {2 Causal Clauses 4 Inde Statens i: Ob Canes ‘unico 45, Rute nicative Activ: Fst and Second Coniagatons. 465. Porurendieauve Pasive: Firs and Second Conugatoas 47, ueure ative Activ: Third and Fourth Conjagstions, 45, Pure dieatve Passive: Third and Fourth Conugations, 49 Infiniive an Subj. 50, Abatve of Respect (Specification, Unie 10 1. The Peet Active System: Thuee Tenses 52, Pefet indicative Active: All Four Cojugatons 53, Relative Pronoun /lnerogaive Adjective ght qua, quod. 6 ”adi TABLE oF conteNTS 54. Uses of the Relative Pronoun, (Adjective Clause 1b Sommetve Reece. 5: Use ofthe Inteogative Adjective. niet 16. Pluperfect indicative Active: All Four Canjugations 57. Rute Price indiative Active: All ou Conjugation 58 Ablaive of Cause 59, Direct Quotations. a. Nochange 1 No cheng, bur roduc by quia que unit 12 60. The Auxiliary Verb possum ‘be abl All Six Indicative Tenses. 61, Complementary Infinitive. 62. Objet Infinitive. 63. The Perfect Pative Systm: Three Compound Tens. 64, Perfect ndicmtive Passive: All Four Cnjugntions, 6. Uses of he Perfect Pssive Parciple nies 66. Pupesect Indicative Passive: All Four Conjugations. 67, Pure Perfect indicative Passive: All four Chnjuenions (8. Ablative Absolte, 69, Temporal Classes. 70, Synopsis of Verb, Unies 175 Thied Declension Nouns: Masculine or Feminine 47 Third Declension Nouns: Neuter 75. Genitive of Desrption, 74. Ablative of Desetiption. 75, Subjective and Obecuve Geneve. 76, Dative of Reference: Advantage or Didvantage. 77 Apposition, 178. Concessive Clause. os 13 TABLE OF CONTENTS xl Unie 15 9 79. Thind Delension Nouns: Masculine o Feminine Seems. So, Third Dedension Nous: Neuter Stems Sr, Pareive Centve S82, Dasive wih Catan Adicsves. 45, Prodiate Accusative. ‘8. Cognate Accusative. | i E | Unie 16 ns 5, Thing Dedension Adectives. Gt hose ndings nthe Nominative Single 1 Twodadngs in he Nominee Sng facing nthe Nominative Snguler 4, Posen Active Prlipes. 17, Uses the Present Anse Particle fate 1 avert © Ablo abeote 18, Forth Delension Nouns: Masculine foe Feminine. fp, Fourth Delension Nouns: Neuter uate” as so. The Lmegular Verb vol ‘wish’ Al Six Indicative Tenses 58 The imeular Verh ong All Six Indicative Tenses, So. Accusative of Plae tonto Which, 5. Ablative of Place Where 54. Ablative of Place fom Which/out of Which. 55: Locative Case. ‘Unies a 96. Future Active Particle - gp. Bator PasveParcple, - 98 Periphrasie Conugations, Active eriphrat. 6 Pare erp yp, Dative of Personal Agency with FasivePeiphrastics. Review of Partciplesxiv TABLE OF Contant uni as 101. Fifth Declension Nouns. 102, Direct Commands for Requests a: mperstive Mood. 4: Preset Imperatien Active A ous Comes 1 Present Imperative Poss: Al oa Congo 103, Vocative Cate 04, Penonal Pronouns. Bist Paren Powoan. 1 Seeond Peon Pron, 105, Double Accusative, Unie 20 a 406. Deponent Verbs 107. Semi-Deponent Vers, 108, Subjunetive Mood: An Overview, 109, Present Subjuscive: Fist Conjugation, 2 aetee Pore 110, Dect Commands for Request| (3, 4 Hotty Sebfanctve 2 pave Sabancie five Fate ina, 111, How to Answer Syntax Questions) ale at i 13, Present Subjunetve Soon, Third, and Fourth Conjugation action 5 Par. 113, Direct Commands or Requests): fussve Subjunctve. 114, Direct Questions [a: Deliberative Subjunctive, 115, Conditional Causes [2 2 Simin PEN vi Le wd Unie 22 183 116, Imperfec Subjanetve. Pate TABLE OF CONTENTS xv 117. Sequences of Tenses: Subordinate Use of Subjanctives 218. Purpose Clauses, Advert, 2 Reloice 129, Infiaiveof Purpose 120, Indzeet Commands or Requests (Sabre 2 pore unk 23 194 :ar, Present Subjuncsves of sum and possum. 12a, Emphatic Demonstrative Pronouns Adjectives Ihc and ie 123, Unemphuic Demonsuatve ronouns/Addectves is and ee, 1g Result Clases. 2 adver 135, Chamncteing Relative Clautes Unie 24 203 136, Preset ubjanctives feb and vol {27 Intensive Pronoun/ adjective: ie. 125, Conditional Clauses (2) Present Contafactul 139. Genundives, 150. Gerunds. nies an 131, Phuperect Subunctive Aces 132, Conditional Clauses 3: Fast Contract 135. Clauses of Fearing 154, Unettaioable Wishes, fe Pram Tie Pos Te 135 Indtce Statements [af Object Clauses with Subjunctves.xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS Unie 26 136. Perfect Subjuacive Paci ray. Direct Question (3 2 Armored Ipod 1 Noga Aaower Ie 138, Indirect Questions. 139. Donec and dam Clauses "40. Inerogative Pronoun: quis, uid 14s, Adverbal Accussive, ‘uate? 142, Comparison of Adjectives: Positive, Comparative, snd Supevative 2 roms ra 143. Ablative of Comparison, 144, Ablaive of Degree of Difrenss Unie 28 145. Reflexive Adjective and Pronoun: aus; —, 146. Six Poly regular Adjective, 147. Comparison of Adverbs 48, Cam Clauses Unie 29 149. Indefinite Pronouns and Adjectives: quis aligns, liga, ete 150, Dative of Purpose; Double Dative Construction. 151. Review of Causes: Time, Cause, and Concession. time Cause 1 Abetve Abeolars 3 ass Unie30 152, Present Infntives: Active and Passive. 13, Negative itcet Commands (or Requests) 2 Nala and ltt 1 Nein nd Prsenor erfctSbjancve © Newand Pitre Indicative 154: Inditet Satements (Subject Acusative ain Present Infinive, i i i : ‘uaieat 155, PefectInfnitives: Active and Passive 356: Inver Satements | Subject Accusative sod Perf Infnive 157, Predicate Gente 158. Condition Relabve Clauses. ‘Unies | 159, Future Active Infinitive, 160 Indirect Satements(s) Subject Accusalve snd Future infiniive -Ablaive f Time When or Time within Which ‘Acotative of Extent of Time or Space, Ablative ef Duration of Time Summary of Conditional Clauses. SF. Summary of Uses ofthe Genitive Case -Sommay of Uses ofthe Dive Case 263 28 203 oyxviii TABLE OF CONTENTS nieas 173. Greck Pesphratie Tenses. 174, Syncopated and Shortened Perfect Active System Forms. 175. Historical Present, 176. Cognate Ablatve 177, Summary of Use of the Accutstive Case, 178. Summary of Uses ofthe ABlatve Cae. Forther Readings "Metra! Notes Morphology: Verte Nouns ‘Adjeccives Pronouns Verb Synorsis Form, Latin-English Vocabulary English-Latin Vocabulary Index a7 a a a7 a as “wr Unit 1 1, Pronunciation of Ecclesiastical Latin ‘The alphabet used ta record eclesiantcal Latin the same as that used for English, excep for the absence of kad w. ‘Aa Bb, Cs, Ba e,F, Gx 1h, fi LI, Mm, No, Oo, Fp, Og, Rs, $5, Tt, Us, Vo, Xx, Yy, 2 4 Vowels The vowels are, 0, and sometimes y. While En- {lish has seven diferent ways to pronounce each vowel, Latin hat Salo lel logan ore ei nse, tesla fad shor refer to quan Le, the me taken to say them, 8 an father: ei, pap, a 22 in carouse agua, ad, ab sin they: etna ede, & {asin mactine: docs ama, ie E'S fe mie tse, 6,8 in no: lori, mon, hs, pr (0, in sof doctena,apostolus,dominus ssn taba nator, fara, Jodaea ssn puccculpa, cum super NB: For, seenote 4 ‘Notas: Lang vowels ae indicated with a supercrbed bar, clled's macron or, simply, ong mar) In this text ‘eng vowels wil sway be cus indented. a Note that short Ive, and der from their TongNotes continued forms in quality of sound as well sin quant. But ‘when ecclesiastical La is ang, the shore vowels, when in open postions, ted to take on the sine ualtyasthe ong vowels since the English speakers far isnot good at detecting the quantity of vowel this in pratice goes along wy toward basing che Aistinetion Between long and short vowels, Close ‘short vowels, however, ted in song to resin thet ‘wn quality. Compare short ia trea and in Deo ‘when sung! terra bu 'dy-oh | There are no sileat vowel ia Latin: eg, confines 1s two syllables in"Englich but thre in Latin (eon/fvats 4 The ettery occurs only ay. vowel never asa conso ane), in words borowed from Greck. It came to be pronounced ike the sore form of mystetam, yma, ‘A vowel followed by anccher vowel, or separated ‘noma iby, i usualy short: sete, bt seat nil '. Diphthongs A diphthong is » sequence of two vowels po ‘ounced together in one syllable. Here ae the more frequently en ‘countered diphthones a, like €: eters, steal ‘ike ou in ou ru, Lado 04 like oeeumeniens,coept ullike vin divine eae, eu {© Consonants The consonants ae pronounced as fllows 2 asin English but more ike p before ort 6 like i ll positions, except before ee oro then ike ch ‘in church: ena, cea cele coenoiaan if asin English, en a nal poston but see note, except before ory han, liken fae ange, regan, Aeghpas ‘Sin bat not asin hanor or hot honor, hora Promunciation of Ecclesiastical Latin itis sn rele used as «consonant, pronounced likey in ‘yt jam, fede Jats | a, py as Bagh 4 ahwaye lollewed by a [eznconsonantall w+ another vowel, Ypomouncedin al positions Kor au quick quod, tua, slike Engst, bv lightly eed unvoiced, bin sot and loose: eels, nis, yx apn Engl 24 like dein az: bapa Notes: 1 The combination gn is ike my in canyon: aguas, sgaum. 2. Sefollowed by of i ke sh: sels, sii. ‘Ula the charscter of = consonant in qu Bt an lofen) su. Gua vowel like gw sang = vel, ike sv ead 44 Kand’s count a two consonants fx ~ ks, 2 = de. § Tfliowed by a vowel ss pronounced a! (xcept ‘when preceded by ,¢ or Inet, predgeus, We am (but host) 3 | 6. Phis ike feb and thare pronounced as in choracter snd hyme, 7. Daubled consonants are doubly pronounced: ail/ 1a mis peel eatum,sab/batum,com/ mit 8 Thue are no silent consonants in Lain, 4. Syllalcaton A Latin word has ray slabs as thas vow _ els or dipkthonss Divison into sylable i made after open vow else those ot followed bys consonant plus, Def followed by asirsle consonant (w/t, ho/e) Division is made ater the Esse consonant when woof mote consonants follow a towel © consequently called an enclosed vowel—miees, miner sus) But in compounds the pars ae separated dt acib) and iguid consonant ls aken withthe saceced ing vowel: laveraa, ati. or tose ‘Note: The sequence of « mute consonant (bd por F4 unre Syllable Quantity, Accent The lengh of syllable is instru ‘mental in establishing the accent ofa word of thee or more yi lables. syllable is long fy nature) contains a Toag vowel o boy-singula,boys—plural, puer—singular, puert—plurl 6 Gase The gammatical task performed by # noun in «sentence ‘scalled ies case. In English tdey, here are vee cases noun wed 5 the subject af 2 sentence in eid tobe in the nominative cate) 8 ‘oun used to inlets possession alters its spelling vo make the pos. fessive ease «roun reeling the action oollowing a reposition is Inthe obectivecate These eases may occur inthe singular ori the | plural Nominative boy boys Posessive boy's ose Objective boy bas Knowledge of cheve six noun forms—ealled the declension of Ta atin, to, Knowledge ‘ft cae syetm al mporant for comet Lata 44. The Latin Case System Anglo-Saxon, the cast form of Ea- lis, had five cases, today English makes do with only thece cates because ofits very est dependence on prepositions ad on word or. er. Latin, conerely, has es dependence on such features beeause ‘les fuller eas: system. Of the eight origina eases in Proc lndo. _ European, Lats has retained seven of them, fve major case (nor native, genitive dative, accusative, andablatve) and two minor anes (socatve and lostve the functions of the one missing cae |e ‘srumental) ae absorbed inc the ablauve cate 1, Nominative Sase Asin English, the nominative casein Latins weed to express the subject ofa sentence. Further, any now ed“6 ur 1 spre withthe subject, whether by predation or apposition, is pet imo the nominative eat. Inthe sentence ‘Join went fora walk John isin the nominative case Beesse its the subject of the a tence Inthe sentence, ‘The winners Kathlaen, Kates i a the ‘ominative case beease it prdicstr something othe subject this ‘seis called the predicate nominative Inthe sentence, My brother James is coming to dinner, ames isin the nominative cave because seedy expla he sabe fre ie to en apposition 0 2. Genitive Case_A word used t lint or qualify the meaning of ‘nother word in any cas) is put into the genitive ate, This deli {ation may embrace several ideas such at atocaton or connection, ‘composition, contents, aubjecve or objective relatonship onin sen hi desi chnceaton ml or ‘roup. Sul ideas areal conveyed in English by the reposition of ‘man ofthe cloth; feet of clay cup of water, the redemption of fess, {he worship of God man of La Mancha, the home of the brave che Geopel f Mark men of good wil llth proceeds Sve members 4B Dative Case The dative case isused to express eezence, benefit ‘rdettiment, possession, andthe indice object These des eck ‘ressedin English by the prepositions far ort, or by the word oer ‘who di this for yout who did this to you! who gave you this! (['o pave ti youl tosehom does ds bclu 4 Accusative Case The cate ofthe duce abc, that which se- eives the action isthe ecusatve eae: that move. He broe his Jeg. ill as no money. Certain prepositions require the accuse 5. Ablative Case The ablative case ie uted to express separation, ‘motion away from, manner, location, agency, nd instrumentality 1 ‘cus by itselt or witha preposition which reinforces one of the brsic meanings ofthe case. The English prepositions used most fc. quently to translate the ablative ease are from, with iad by: ftom slavery rom thei with eatin town by he stent y the : ; i: ust Declension Nouns 7 4 Two Minor Cases (Vocative and Locative) The cate of dsc al- Aree it che weave. Although thee aze some exclusively votive forms, dhe nominative case is used wo express most instances of i= ect azss. The locatve case survives ineertan ested uses it ‘as largely been absorbed by the ablative cate 2, Declension of Nouns To pevfonn the vious syntactical fune- tions attended tc by eh case eystem, «noun rust have to compo ‘ents bee (to indeate the fundamental meaning! snd # ending ltoindieate the yneacial fneton|. Any noun, therefore, will have fone hate, but trea! eninge The lnting ofthe vacious resultant Spellings ofa ncun—ailerng as the case difer, fr both the sin- flr and the plsal—i called ts declension, thus # noun isd to Se declined 1 istandard practice tolist he Ave majo eases €W0 columns [one fo each oumber inthis onder: nominate geaitve, dive, accusative, ableive “Ther ae ive declension in Latin. Each declension has ts own set of endings toexpress the various cases. Thus de spelling of the ding for case will vary fom declension to declension, but the ‘meaning for # ese will remain constant. (in English, for example, he endings" aden'sare quite diferent in spelling but ae iden ‘cal in function, both indlete the possessive plural: boys’ bikes, fhuldre’ toys] The vocabulary Its will provide thre data foreach oun ts nominative singulay frm, ts geoitivesingula form, aed Ft gender. These dats ae tcixpencble forthe proper use of oun 3, Pirst Declension Nouns "Nouns ofthe Rint declension have a a the genitive singular end ‘ng, To decline «fine declension nous, st slate the base by re ‘moving the endig from the genitive singular frm, then 10 the base ‘ad the following endings: Nominative a ae Genitive “ae rom Batre ae oe ‘Accorscve “amie Ablaive a ‘8 unre ‘Notes: 1. Since these endings cannot be guessed the srudeat ‘must commit chem fly to memory 2 Mactons are par ofthe spelling ofthese endings, be ste to maintain the distinction between the nomi fatve singular (and the alae singular, 3 Conteat will help te distinguish between eave end- ings which aze dente ia telling ita, vitae, fife’ base: ve ea te’ Nominative Tae Se le a seer Sgitistielghes a fone eee) se ara TEES Ta Rael hp Samneeorers Danes atre Sretee Semin Learn to svolte each form with the SS reeams Soe see RE aetan Souititeanene may Sootemniee rae Shawnee ieirsee, Sinners eee Rae 4. Prepositions: An Overview ‘A diseinetivefeaare of ecclesiastical Latin sit more extensive use of Prepositions chan that exhibted by ite predecesoy, classical ‘acn, For example, while ecclesiastical Latin ell uses the dative : : : e : Vocabulary 9 cae fr the indirect objet, t may also use an equivalent prepos- ‘onal phase. ‘repostons in Latin ae aways used ln phrases, consist} a preposition nda substantive, anouna pronoun, oran adjective {led as aoun. Subetantives uscd with prepositions are said to be fsvetned by them prepositions gover ony two eases the accuse: tive or the ablative: Some prepositions may govern either ease, de- pending on thespecific use ‘a Governing the Accusative Case Prepositions governing the s- sate cat oe ae motion toward rhe aa et. or ‘rample, ad reposition + secutive) means to, toward fr purpose of! Fema also mean tas nook at him. By extension, [Ray mean’ ania the righthand of the Father! i. Governing ihe Ablative Case Prepositions governing the as tive ease help to indicate clearly the speci use of che ablative {nea by th speaker, Without «preposition [and aside from coo text the ablative may mean several diferen things but with prep. ‘alton, the abltine Bas only one of ite poset Uses activated. The ttanslaton ofthe preposition with an ablauve always overrides the vtec ration ofthis eae Ablative of Accompaniment The prepositions eum ‘with’ and ine "without govern the ablative cave of [most fea) « personal foun For exasple, fil, fmiie ary cum familia "with [thera fay sine familia wit ee’ a fry” Such 2 use Is termed the allatve of accompaniment. Since these prepositions {bean ‘wih’ an "without inthe sense ™a the company of and ‘not inthe company oi clear et ehey will most Fequent-govern ‘Substantive fring to persons. By analogy, however, thejblave fof accompaniment is sometimes extended to apply f0 inanimate objects) ‘ecclesia, ecclésag, f tt. sembly {agua farting “ami Vocabulary stoi oie, ory aqua, aqua, water ‘tna cena supper, dinner al, ealpae, blame, alt octing, doctanae teach ing doctrineoo howe, hor yo usd sits, grata, ace vor, + abl oe, cre paths ‘ar * eM et [.coord, cont. iceniy ‘ssa sae, Mase ‘nga 2-and's even, t00 sary sore £ ate ee ethos and a pp Pope infers 2s oy fen fe fecha 1 ia ae pore af Wea vitae, ite mong, by means of wits 1a) rep. abl} om, we pre ab aot eayton IFO a of fon ated ad (prep. + acc.) to,toward; for on behali of te aan of a -aue eel cord cont and céram pe, iin the ‘Si ovep. +e witha rece Seperpen race bl at rr. bt wih ore apo, oer abut {de [prep ab) from, dows, Concerping “fom, about, concerning Vocablary Notes Doctrine "eching, dcrn’ i «noun derived fom the verb dace ‘ext oat) "etsn ‘cure secby bas bean hosed fom the Grey i say be neo ster he perl rte using sti yt he sean eas of pa, “The preposition rom, away fom’ has he farts: by by is vse lr comona, thle ower sry Ne between rant of the dative case which in- dicts veltonahi and ote asa oo Indlesting motion toward tos othe prepaien h “the epoton cm Win vith’ ed inthe ala a 4 sccompaniment, ay also be used more lowly with ther, |, nouns: eg, sine agus wit water. reposition ¢has two forme: ¢orex Eis used only before con- somants; ex may be used beloe either vowels or consonant espe cally [Note that, depending on its use, et may be either a conjunction Drills rr (and, commecting words clauses and sentences oranadver even, ‘0o" émphasizing the word i precedes "The ene que end Ls setached to the second of wo terms tobe linked! agua ceaaque “water and supper’ Its addon may cause Shin the occeat of wed eg, tram, bu teu, Bt wedgue. Derivatives: kari exons agua aqueous, agua, aquarium culpa Culpable, eulpst, exculpate fecclslaGeeesasiea, ecclesiology familia familiar ia pins vita vita vital, aguavit,vitsmin 3,ab,abs avert ahrup, absta Pe simi a serour Bex jecy ext ia Ieee pr promot, progress Soper supervise, supersede {ere Pinem nostum cotdanum di nobis hoi, et dite bieanosts,sout et nos dimiteimus debltonbus nos ‘e¢uos inde in tentatonem, se bers ns mad.1 k cease 1 doctinam fm anita ‘Complete eich phase with the proper ending inthe singular, ‘uanslate, change to he pla: sine pip d. db eulp__ Badgoa— , sdecelisl_ © amiga — blpae d leriam, ad gloslam pipse (evita, db famine vith ath, fonder Peer {in eeclestarum tenis interas Sine fami tees evita et qua via agua 17, sper term, super tera 18, cum alors 19, Sine culph 20, ecelsae pr doctinis 1 i behalf fee family ofthe pope 2. inthe presence ofthe pope 5; whthou fe 5 {tthe hour for the purpose ofthe glory ofthe church Unit 2 5, Second Declension Masculine Nouns All nouns ofthe second declension hae a the genitive singular ‘ending. Masculine nouns ofthis declension ae of two types, those witha nominative ending us| and chose widhout anomanatve end Ing this later eype has 2 nominative identical with ts base [or slightly reseed ending in “Todedin a masculine noun ofthe second declension, determine the baeby removing theendng rom the genitive singular then sd ‘the fllowing endings Nominative -us(—| Geattwe Sram, Dawe as Accusative “ame Abate Notes: + Since all nouns ze lted wih che nominative sin : aula orm as wel asthe genitive singular, there is : hever any doube whether the nominative singular nding ito Be used or not 2 Although some endings are identically spelled, con- ‘ext will help to distinguish between thers, sev servant Have ase ery= servae the servant} see servant) ‘era (of the servant} servorum Vt servanes} ‘ers (fr/to the servant} Servis (for/o servans14 urna ‘Acc. servam/the servant) sed servants ‘ASL Seo nom vitvi/by See ic tin Tecra Seger uc, parm, "boy cil bate: peer Nom. puer ‘the boy’) (Paert (‘the boys) Gen pet tae toy) Peron ol the bys) Dat pute foto che boy) puerto the bye ‘Acero by)”, pace oye AS guptegm/widiarby Fae en tn Se epmeier'y mee Cochin ‘Nowe: 1. An atl he] ay be spi a eed by . 2 Servus and puerare masculine nosing. All econd de- bow, suez fem) > ser bonus, a, um ‘ood base: bore Mase Fem. Neuter Nom. bosus bons hon Gen, ont” bomae boat Dat bond bone ‘Acc. bomum —benam bona ‘Ab. bend bond” bone ‘Mase. em. Neuter Nom. ont bomae bona Gen. onorum bongrem bona, Dat’ boat bonis ont Acc. bags bonés Boma ‘ADL. bonis bonis bonis ‘The declension of the adjective racer, sare sacrum ‘oly, sacred is exactly lke tht of bomus vm, exept forthe fact that dos not tse the ending -us in the masculine nominative singular. Adjectives hi Kad tow thet hor lsly te feminine nominative 17. Agreement of Adjective and Noun Aine ages nay ingen mb ct With he {Groom ete whch hey molly ar expe aa ace ‘hich odin sn active matin Ligue nanan oa ‘csssve maine gular cing, Boum pope aol How to Answer Syntax Questions(s} 29 onan. Note the: ayreinent doesnot mean mere duplication of the | Ealing of the nova: bosum papam i covrect because the adjective ees hr Siccecn mare soir ned nmeaatmes Sierra eater Petras erat bors "Peter as poo" Petrus erat bons pps pipe bonus "Deter wae pond pope "Notes: fate fit example bonus i «predicate allective, tyceing in ponder, number, and eave with the sub to the sentence Petras | a. Inue second example, the nous papa isa predicate nominative agresing sv ase with the subject of the ‘erence (Peta) the adjective bonus i an ati {ive aeecingin gender, amber, and ase with papa 18, Nominal Sentences Ina short sentenvethepretent tense of sum ‘tobe! may be omit, if cher fs an exressed subject. Such «sentence lacking a verb Is Called s nominal sentence Apostoli ministetChest. "The apostles ae] the mises of Chris.’ Verbs Domintbons "She words ofthe Lod [tel good: 19, How to Answer Syntax Questions (1) “The mastery of Latin i made easier bythe careful analysis of che “Eammnatialsuuctre oF syntax of sentences. Though ll agpects of ‘Fammar are important, the siden is adised 0 concentrate in parse unirg ticularon two tasks: he identification of the case of any given noun for adjective in a sentence, and the determination of the reason fot theca ‘Verba Doma bona verba: case! nominative; raion! subject ofthe sentence Domint: cate? genitive, reson! genitive of posession bona: cast nominee reason? predate active, agrei ‘wit te subject ofthe scence me Vocabulary sims anim, bear, magn, am geal, "mind spine ess te statis, glam, sword ‘als -um bd ei Image aga, cache, “"wihed aster, tbr sem my sn modus, modi, i. manner, way more sum ead ‘umd nd, world ‘mumerss, amet, 2 number, mulcade surum, aust. gold ovat -um new cent ‘fndeuiam, cendcal,n plus, “am holy, loving. ‘ining room, upper room, tender ‘malta, m moe, many ost nostra, nostra our, ‘Spreatrs root pin en wicked sactimentam,racrimeat, ties secrament sce sat, sacrum holy, scterus, 2, -m eterna ied, ‘im aetermuon forever ameiquus, um ald ancient, subst, ancients erasers ‘eats um blessed, happy onus, um good claus sum cleat, bright, ‘lorie, famous aus 4m your, youre sng) verus um true ‘vs, cum living, alive Sahaoth (etree: indec!. pl ‘ou ses, hosts bi inverog ad where? Vocabulary Notes ‘endemn lt cna Unis the ‘usa oom is where ‘dinner’ was eaten. ™ Vocabulary 31 _ Pies ys wumlated min’ when ose eabtanvely (Mines “pa ayo predeauvely (Ths ene Silat observstions ipo aoste ata: 04> OU YOLE> YOU” rt eens sng aan’ ince "pau someimes the agulr ‘anya 6 Se more appropiate | Ratnam: maleorse anya man Note chat impius is the negative form of plus. It has che prefix in : geet ae base . ao encaneee rae Bec lom withthe mown sca Swann tine oe : “Sabadth, taken fm the Hebrew, is an indeclinable noun, ie, ts a ie een mtd pete Se curly gue og, e Bee Seen i cr ene at na mimes animes, animosity lads gaat glatolus Imager agitrial mato spotus ode, ndieative mood fundus mundane meres numeral um, ore arene sgl de oro (Goiculum mace fetus best Tenus tens boon, bounty ims sear carey carne, lasion fnoquot — anlaue Talos” lady, maladjusted melts muliply torus avnovel, novice Gece Berm, sacra tasers aver, Vercruz32 UNIT Daills 1 First/scond declension adjectives. Translate ive all osibil- ts; change the number and rettanslate bok aque vrum Deum 4 diseipul sacs B aneigue E tuaeculpae” jf Seterna maleus angelus —g aostolé bedtd—k.impiaram 4 pipscnovs magna gloria. sea regnae Exercises 1. Ubi sunt mule dacipall 2. Mea ecclesia es tua ecclésa mes eclsa ua eccésay ‘et cecleis tua, 3. Beat sere! Domi, 4 Dominus Deas Sabatth ep acer. § Muleum guudium et sro populd De © Modus mua ex etboous et mas, modi mundi st 1, Magnus est umerus angela, Novum treamentsa ext Det verbum 9. Chrsts es Dominus vara et mortaram, 10. Det mysteia sunt ater $1 Clanum in ero el Downing erbam 1, Deo ext plas ils io sete 13, Aims Wi et Bedtus et bonus 14, Christ eat Pere apostolénim magistes, 15. Ineenaculoaurum est pact. 26 Gladivs Pett erat impius 18, Nos nitrs denim Des, 1s, Cina Domin est nostro populd. 20. Muli in foes evant dieipll Christi 2%, DE nov testimeatd n meals cals sine mals cul ‘ost coram Deo ns 23, Aurum none spostolb, Acti 6, adapted. 2). Mea doctrine non et mea Ja vi 26 24. None dseipals super magistrate aor sexvus Sper demiou, ekg meee ne aor verses The living God shor ‘The living wil be dead, the ded alive (hr foreaters were servants of the Lord Sous words our command “The Ling of God is forever 3Unit 5 20. Verbs: An Overview In both Lain and English, aver signals existence, or actln, or oc: etree in time. A typical vebform has fie characters. Fer ‘son, numb, tense, mond and vlc, Ice wesee youre You ee Defshe/ic sees they se 4 Person A verbo may have one of tee pero the Bs pe Se lh ek ac wt hes rn ta sl spoken o yous, yup sel or the dtd prton, that ‘the onl spoken about else se hey sel 1. Number A verivform may have one of two numbers, the si ful you eset seo thea ese yo Tense: Time and Aspect A veroform places its ation in time, ‘whether in the past the presnt or the fate, I lo places its se ‘on in relation tothe passage of ume, eine called ie aspect. ‘The several tenses of English and Latin indicat both ime ands pect In English there are thee tenses pest, past, future, Each {ente has she aspects: simple, progressive, completed, asricr TIME russawr: Ise Tamseting Ihave seen Parr Tesw Lacing Tha ee rorone: —Twillsee Tvalllbe Twill have ‘eins ‘een ‘Notes 1 Balch he pent completed st completed {lie conpledecoen are ao cll chee. Sheps ue ponte ad frre pers. a. fnlton Enh ab te oxen competed {tet which Lan bro eget ive been lating hod been seg all have beanscine In Latin, these nin categories are filled by only six tense-frms (each ealed ate’ present, imple, future, perfect, pluperfect, ——— asticr pauseer: vides ‘1 vide ‘Lam vid Tare oe | ite fexsenn) fea Sper rast: vise” wtb"! ier Fimpentect] [plop] revues; video-4valbe wil etal Breet) el Re a ree “Thus thrce Latin tenses cach do the work of ewo axes: ‘present tense = presen simple and present progressive pesoct tense = present completed and pst simple Faure tense ~ future simple and future progressive snd three Latin tenses each do the work of one category: Ampere tense = past progressive plopefet tense ~ past completed Frure-pertest nse = future completed a36 UNIT "Notes continued ‘completed’ pkoperec fom plas quam perfectum “more chan completed’ hence ‘past complete. 2 The impefec i lkewiseaply named, since imper Aecrum means ‘ot completed! ene, (pst) po. iresive' The progressive aspect also includes re ened or hates 1d fo eT hep on 4 Present and farure tenses (present, future, perfect ‘eomplese,futurepefet| ar called primary tense; past tenses empertct, perfec ample plpestect re called secondary tenses 44. Mood Eaglsh and Latin have thee moods for attindes of ex reesion):indieaive,subjnesve, and imperative A vebform ithe Ineative mood expresses alact it rained pstrday. A verbform ‘he subjunctive mood expresses contingency or hypothetical acto {oaly be were here Cod boss you we asked that he leave. Aver forma in the imperative mood sve 2 dee commana [or request ray for us| heve mercy on us! “a Vales _Verbformt in English and Latin may haw ane of “Jolcn the stive ot pune lathe acti wie, the aon ofthe ‘erbpases fom the subject I yowned, he ran he ran his father's business Inthe passive wice, the action of the verb pases tothe ‘ubject the child was rocked to slep, these was broken open By the thieves. Only transitive verbs, the takings dee object nthe dceusative cas, may have passive formes well act {Principal Parte Verbsia English and Lain have basic forms which ‘et be known firs ll he possible forms are tobe generated cor seedy. These ae called principal pars In English, each ver has ive nepal pars ee, sa, See, song, ess see = present aflalive active aw ~ pastsmple active Seen = past participle Verbs: AnOverview 37 seeing ~ pose: participle SESE Gupenon singular, present indicative aexve toati cach verb fos anal ut: ie, ide, il eo = Sst penon sionulay, present acne ative) ‘ist eine” idere = presen: infinve ace "tose" TH peo nul een ace Ts have seen is = perfect passive participle having been seen" Tris wnmed that dhe dent already knows dhe pri ‘Spal parts of English vets, heefore, Latin verbs have SSPEAEe principal pct sted in dhe vocabularies, but Serdfined by te st only of he ive English principal sided idee, vl, usc eet tam i ig ~ fo ee a fee eee ome foe hha Guar si Splat ew eee Sects anpimcmrememrs Seite memanancsane me a “5 finitivesInfitives may be seen 28 nouns formed from verbs _ocmnvey the action of ther verbs: roe, corun, see, These verbal eee ane abd yorce, but ae ao mite by having pers, ‘Bomber or moot. English har «present and a past ifnitive 0 se, pe accn ohare see, to have bee sen, but no face infinitive v's presne perfect, and 2 frure infinitive. The second pli ies view annie ee innit active | 5, parcipes Paciles ae adjectives formed from verbs to con oy son thir ring ete, ney lected pes38 unr eat, While English has only two participles dhe present and the pst* Latin has four: preset ace, perfect pai, future active, frre pasive. English does at have the equivlent ofthe are pa Alpes. The fourth principal par of vdeo ide, vid visu Sees a patil vies: pests: passe participle, 4 Cerands and Gerandives Both Bgl nd Latin have gered ihge a ao erm vest covey the acon et vei. English wes he penn: prpe tes gerund sig say Tine washing dishes Eglsh des no aves rae nati, is identical withthe fre pose pertile By using alana English may make a apronmtin having ob sees The Four Cnjestons To cosine a verb two gence fasous posse forms, Yerba Lae daiflel seg to th drag es of emg forme hee fear conjures ini ahmed entice in eget second pial ei present nie nee Tae oe as follows: = fist conjugation: -- aude] second conjugation: monére) ‘hind conjugation eer four congation. aude) | Nows: a. Thus vdeo vidoe, vid, views eo’ le a second com jugation ver, | a. Since the methods used ro generate verb-fors are determined by a verbs conjgatonal clatifeaton, the student is advised vo note let t which eon | gation «verb belongs 3. English doesnot have a system of coniugations es closest approsimation is the division of ert into ‘weak and srng la weak ver adds ed othe present [_ Sera ia "0 form the past and che participle: talk talked, ica oc mangas sata pes resent Indicative Active: Fist Conjugation 39 "Notes continued : Talked, a trong verb ler the spelling ofthe fe to form the past and the participle: se, tl four emizatons, he te fh reset nda he Sea fe ctecthin at soue of thes rou: the presen the Sree teventene island one mesene © BES eel co iene an te ae ere Sos STS Tian ee or 2 Silene | Tofom the praen indicative cue ofa fisconuaton vero | fhe present infinitive [the second principal part remove the ending | es hen to tech present somal the sctive personal en | Sages sys sss These ening cach sgl te tings “H once thc penn, he mabe, and the woe did dire present stem: laud Metre premade 4m, Severson nga ud. + Second esc saa: ad {Biden singular: nd first-person plural: Inds + mas = lamas suet =a ~ lauds “The parade for chete forms is follows Judd (we praise} Indi (you pete) Idan they pie) audo (t praise) 2 Iaudas "you pals} 3) dae hee prises)so UNIT ‘Notes: 1, The ofthe stem is always dropped before the -0 ning of the at perscn singula. 2, The ending tant always crose the -t- ofthe stem wo shoren 5, Present simple ernslatons alone have been given; prevent progrssive translations, of coute, ae Tost 2 proper: ‘Tam pratsing, you ae prising’ ete 4 Since Bnlish relies om pronouns rather than per onal endings, right from the arte student i ad ‘sed to ook upon the wanalation of verb-foras asa ater of analysio—the breaking up of the formes to ther significant pas. 23. Word Order ‘ord order in Latin is not so closely tied to che baste meaning of fentence i ir in English. For the mote pat ce inleton, of ‘hanging form, of Latin verbs and nouns constitutes the gum ‘al sructuze, wheteus in English the word order contsbutesseaty| fo the grammatical strvetore The form dog gives bo unt a8 1 possble urea rubject or an object, only athe word odor ofa seu {ence will he fonction of dq” be revealed "man bites dog—obect "dog bites man'—subject These shor sentences make clear the ma ‘ual slaionahipe oftheir component a noun bepning a aontance| tsconstracd ats subject, ths noun a followedby the verb ofthe sea tence, thereian abject in de sentence it fllows the verb sublet, ‘er, object. To change this order sw sk being misunderstood Buc in Lata, because te infected forme sary with them ior sation a to their function inthe sentence, word oder is often more {tnattr of exiphase and style: aubjc, verb snd object may occur in| fnyonies There are vmne cles unttaions:¢.preposicons precede ‘heir caves attbutive adjectives are kee near thelr substanives. in general, che beginning student is cautioned ot to expect Ear ‘ish word order ina Latin sentence; instead, an ext analy of the {ndlectonal endings ehould be made o uncover the baste meaning of ‘Latin sentence With more experience, dhe studene il earn to de: tect the sualeancllty meanings which word crder i capable of Tending o Lad Ablative of Separation —4r 24, Coordination (Compound Sentences) [Asin English, Lainsentences may be linked together to form com ound sentences bythe we of coordinating conjunctions, In English {Rese include and. Sut, for, nor, and ot The use of a coordinating onjunction doesnot eause a eentence to lose its inependent seats ‘he senences are mel joined, one dors nt become subordinate © theater. Populus Deum anda, naz bonus est The people prise Gol for Hes good” 25. Accusative as Direct Object ‘The accusative cass may be used to express the dicct object of = Populus Dea lands. "The people praise God” Magister puerd aera dat. _ The ceacher i giving reward tothe bor.” ‘ie teacher i ging the boy areas 27. Ablative of Separation fcr verbs of fresing separating, of deplving, an ablative of sepa sy occu, wit or without a prepostion (ab o x) |» Doris populum (4) malo uber, “he Loxd ices Fis people fem evil berate, Bberdv bests re42 unirs 28. Compounding of Verbs: Prepositions as Prefixes tn English, prepoitons ate often used with simple verb to make compound veri. For example, she vers cut’ may take on more specialized meanings in combination with prepositions: eatin, cut (ut, cut up, eut down. Sometimes verbs have the prepositions st {ached totem ss prefses to hal: co uphold o run: outa, c0 tum: to overturn; to stand: to withstand, This fr lees common, ‘method of compeunng in English s the normative one in Lain. "With gard tothe compounding of verbs i Latin, wo phenamens are to be noticed: 1] assimilated spellings of the preposiionsas- ‘rete, 2) owe shift nthe verb "| The ore commonly compounded prepoicions and ther at smiled forms re these aby ahs, ay ag ay an, ap a, a, a umm: co 2b cok, com, com, em coe desde, de Blerh bef, ex fy ken i ter lately, ite obs, ob 6 af, op faba >] oe per pel, per rae: pra, px 16 pro, pb ub: su, sub, suc, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur, ous >| us Super super ‘Note: Inseparable prefixes those which are not alo wed as| prepositions include edi, and st 2] When compounded, verbs may shift thet intemal vowels. For example, sae, saerre, sant, suritus ‘ake holy, consecrate ‘compounded with eum becomes cinsecr, cnsecrire, cOnseerii, Vocabulary 43 consecratus, [Noce: Since does not make for position In prose, ‘nace is pronounced creer) | The frequency of compound verb constitutes distinctive festare - ofecclsiastical Lain Oiten the compound merely astengthened fom of the simple verb, andthe dference in meaning is negligible ‘Ava casein pont sae and ebmrect der very ile in neanng _ 29. Parsing “The parsing of sentence entails «complete analysis of is eompo- ty thi incidesidenbfying the parts of pesca ad explanng ‘nfl hele forms, funtion, ad interelationships. = Populus Desens. | The people pis God porulus: nominative singular masculine, fom the noun pops voi: Fe pon ope bjs nee sccuative singular masculine, from the noun Dess, ‘Baym Cod rer objoc of anda {his person singular, present indicative axve, fom he vet aud Ida, lauds laa praie Sestn number with the suc, popes chird per ‘So becsse emkes a tstement abo the sabe, Brevene lndicaie because sats aac in prevent Ete, active voles because the stton pass Yom the ruleet ito the obec. he mastery of Latin is a matter of analysis studene’ transl ff asentence must be the prodact of analy, ot of gusrwore ‘dav, collaudatas price cxcendingy praise together 0, donare, dinars, donstas ber grant tage4 ounirs pert, operire, oper, Invoed invocte,invoctvs, opersees work avecstu all upon, 5 ore, eis, Situs pray invoke sive, dora, adorav,ado- stall, stall, stax tus worship, are ia, vite, f way rod, sect exbr exdrare, exe, Females, fama. servant ‘extraeu bosch documentaes, docamend 2. sgn, egnie, andi, ‘sample eee vl roc eiieeieee | Een Sacer EE nant Seve, “Tae a Se fies eee ae ee Swarts secre oe Sages kf nd cm om, lee pared vee da, etree aber “tc a eee, aio “ne i “ito recs, ervcic,eveedi, es ‘eecitus calif Vocabalary Notes “Ammbulo means to walk, but metaphorically it may mean olive” ss in the expression, to walkin she way ofthe Lord Ambo, ike ‘ost fee conugaton verb, haste pattem re, tv arte D6 and done tnsically mean ‘ie’ occasionally, dang means or sive? Both take a direct and an indirect obec: give something (0 Someone Dd, although + fre conjugetion verb, doesnot have prin fipal pars which conform to dhe predominant pater, note espe. fially the short --in dare Collauds Is compounded of com an lauds; com, which ete as simulates to tal, may ether intensify the baie meaning (com pletely or add the notion jointly, together” Regn is# denominative ve formed from regnum (Unit 5. De Vocabulary 45 nominative verbs ce mos often derived from nouns and sdectves, Ed lven the form of» frst conjugation ver. Other such verbe— im ehie unit slone™ave dnd aud ber, oper, 0,410, e700, nd voce ‘Documentum ‘ample! is formed from the rot ofthe verb dace ‘negch[Unit 19] athe sulix-mentum astrument” Tal or is weaker than nam {Unita} els postosiive, Le, it cceurs toward the begining of clause, but never Rt In contrat, Ieito ‘rhtly, deservedly though an adver-—tends to sand st Derivatives: tarin anbald aud ero eo seer sells, [amutas Aocisensum btsepium denedieses = the beginning oft clause or phase, “Quogue to, alse immediatly fellows the word ic emphasizes, smble ambulance, ‘peembulstor ca chant, cantata fate Sonation Jud, ludtory berate, deliver operat es Snexorable regant sbuervation ‘vocation, vouch Stell, stellar, constellation via viaduct, viaticum Tanulae document Principle Benedict ‘eoctuary sant, sanction ‘gerne pe dita ‘Sempiteroa, sexnpe patos46 UNIT Drills, 1. Present indieatveactve: fst conjugation Translate; changeto ‘the singular or pla fs ambolimus { stgnat Beanie conservis e donane —— fnvocimus 4 taudat operant fe adérits | oollaudata Direct and indirect objects, , Discipul populéexemplum dant. Vi puer ibrum dat. Petrus praemtum servo dat 4 Arum reginge damus. (© Magis donum dant. Bxercises 1. Sinctus, Sanctus, Sénetus Dominus Deus Ssbsbth Apostolos Christus vot a Missa populus Dat Dominus ludat ‘Malis vies dina nbn dems In va Domini ambulimas Mest Dominus cllandions,einctus enim et Sonus ev Episcopus quoque pro eelést Deum svocat, - Dominus popalu a malo semper bere In nostis anmis Christus semper gaat, Discipuli cum aportols operant ‘salmu cirem Domina eentinus, (Orso pr man vita ‘Minister ad cénam Domini populum vocst, Sella in ealo fam aud, Verba impirum numqusm jos observams ‘Mento enim Chisum, fitum Dey collude. Clarsm Marine documenta ext pop ‘Nune benetiesbbatum eonsceant Ex gus Pou puetosevocst. Exercises 47 so. Eelésiaedidmus et pr popu operas, 2: Talyoues Christa five Benedica! Mk. xiv, 61 We pay od. Gelert he wal Send mes aways pave ‘Serio cmectates the water and he wine Gal sine hefner Inthe being wn in "The pone gy pra the Lord of LeUnit 6 30. Present Indicative Active: Second Conjugation “To form the present indicative ative ofa second conjugation very from the present infaive (the second prinetpl pat remove the linge hen ad the ative petsonal coding ‘moned, monere, mont, monitus ‘war, advise present infatuve: manere . present stem: mone 2 mone (1 war’ 2 monts('you warn) 3) amet he/she wars) ‘monéans we warn} ‘mous you wart) ‘moment (they ware) ‘Notais 1 Thastem vowel & shortens before another vowel Inthe hist person singular (ee Section 1, Not 3 1. The seem vowel shortens beloe the endings - ad 31. Present Indicative Active: Third Conjugation ‘There are two kinds ofchied conjugation verbs: the “6 type ‘aed, dacere. andthe“! type (eg, capi, caper.) 4& “0° Type To form the present indieatve setve of an" ype 3 ‘eb of he third conugation remove the ending-re from the preset {nfineve and alee che stem vowel toi but forthe thiteperson plural then ed the ative personal endings. Present Indicative Active: Fourth Conjugation 49 aca, dacere, dou, duces ea! present infiiaive:dncere present stem: doce > dack, deca 2 daca (tea) 3 dels (yeu lead 3) ci he/she leads) ‘Notes; 1 The stem vowel is dropped in the Ars-peron ingle. 1 The stem vowel eis weakened to inal other forms excep he tird person plural where tweak to" Type “Te form the presen indicative active ofa “48 Pe eb of che tidconupaton move the ending re from the preseat ‘ntniie and lr the stem vowel tout fue for the tind person plural then ad the acai personal endings ‘api, capere cE capt ‘ake seelve™ ‘reseatinBnave:capere ‘resent stn ape: > cap; apie 2 caplo (Teake capa fe ak 2 capil yna take) ‘opts you ake 3) capeibe/sheritakes) caput (ty tke! 92. Present Indicative Active: Fourth Conjugation "Te fox the present indicative active of 2 fourth conjugation verb, _ emo the eading from the presen afnitive then a the a= © Give personal exdings. Te third person plural ads + to the stern tote the ending fsusing the stem vowel to shorten) audio, aude audit, aude” present sllncive: andre present atem aud aud)so unin 2 audio (1 hear} 2 Suis you hea 43 audle (he/she hear’) aude (we bear audits (you hear) audiune (they hear) ‘Notes: 1. The stem vowel shortens before another wove In the fe ngs andthe third pl 2. The stem vowel shortens blir the ending 38, Direct Questions (1) A deze satement maybe converted int a det question by a- thing he snl parle wet te Bee wand Be moe cy ‘enter sone determines when statment vo be cme coum Vocrine Peo diiplum? {per caling he ale” ‘Angela cals Deum ellandan? ‘Dorie angela serven topeter praise Godt" These te seoteace questions fr more euenty question sine ‘reed by an meropve wo tchaste adetsei See faquare Sor wa sant wh ‘ute Dominus nn tga? "hy de they nt pave the ond” 34, Ablative of Means “The ablative cae fen inanimate noun maybe uted to express he meas by which the acon e+ tentnce le sccomplisnel Goss Sonal the Latin of dhe Vultee the presenti in wid hin mins psimis anda ‘We par the Lord with [by means of pss Jest in lad eqn? ‘Do righteous men rl by [by means of the sword” te: Vocabulary $1 35, Ablative of Manner ‘The ablative ens ofan abstract noun may be uted to express the tanner or syle in wich the action ofa sentence scarred out. The preposition cum always ied if the noun isnot medic by an a+ [eute; the propoton may be ted the noun is modified. Dominus cum gaudis lads. "We praise the Lad wt fy Voy? omiaum mags (cum) gaudisaudizmas. "th grea joy we raise the La” ‘Notes: 1 The ablative of manner mayen be wanslatd with goals adv in yc y mean na spec manner 2 When both the proposition and an adjective re uted ‘withthe ablauve of manne, the adjective often be- ‘Bsthe pase: magno eum gan. Vocabulary ria ager give thanks (to ‘Tedd, elder, edly red- thank det] ib, bere bit bbe dink ‘rede, eredere, ered, credtas believe [in ruin). dae, dacere, da, ductus lead ic, edcere, ext, educ- ‘fea out indaed idecere,induxt, ‘tn give hice reer ‘eio,eidre, wad, ead tus give over hand down, a ft fugat et ats ‘refi asa se, eet dea _ MSStr ie daca eit, og ten baer bag abies in hl comer rend, perce, pert, since, sce iat las ad Sh ast ey sedac,edacr ren, 5 Monies war, ries each sédacean dessive | aap caso ve, ang ong, ns can J ‘an:unit 6 "ven, onventus come fopetber be feting ‘ven, iver, lave, ne "vetus come upon, Bd Hebroees, Hebrat i, Hebrew ints, nah aon, clad ‘domus, dom, home, house ‘exemgium, exempt conjungs, conjangere, com mut conjonetss “lke recive undertand scp, acepere, accep, 2c epee cee ‘capt take bck repin faci, face, ee facta do, ‘cumple make empl, templ, 2 eemple, cio, acre, alle alee. “chureh tus alee Acgypuus,--am Egyian delle, deicere, dees, de- ectas fai wast amish fio cere, fle, ellec- tos make, elect suai, ude, audit oud, ‘udicas bear ‘xaudlo, exude, exaudivi exsui,exaudas eae Cheam, um Christian lectus a "um chowen lect, dis ed a, ll ow, sal aut [coord conor fut. aut either oF se enciiti ntrog. partic) ‘sed in sentence uestions Ufevorsbht suet nvr. od | for what venig, venice, ven, ventus reason! wy ‘vendo, advent, advent, ‘aiventus come, arive Vocabulary Notes Reddo and ea (= tras +d] ax compounds of do “ive” Reddo has the inseparable prefixel-(hack. agai see Seton 38.1, Note. [Although die « Bet conigation verb, many of ts compounds ae of the third conjugation ‘abes has both physical meaning ‘hevehold’and a mental one, ‘nod in mind, consider’ Compete we hold these erth ‘Moneo may take a personal accustive and an infiniive: monet pueruan operate “ne advises the boy to work ‘Note cht agetemneans ‘do, dive, conduc bu ths geaasagere is an lon mesalilnve thanks (0) thank the person thanked is ‘utinto the dative case ‘Credo may cake a dative fertdo pero rst il ehe boy orin + acousatveferedimas im Deu ‘we belive in God, Vocabulary 53, aco ‘ead’ is oe of many verbs which easly form compounds sedaco uses the imeprable prefix s-spart fom, astay’ hence, sane lee astray, tose” ‘Capo basa physical meaning, take, receive anda mental under stand as in the English, if you eae ny meaning’ Tesdes an accusative as ec object, aco ma) take an accusative + afin, meaning 0 misks or enue someone todo someting fact puerum operte “he makes (eases the boy tl work | Nitus son, cild1s'a noun derived from the ver niscor to be bom (Unie 2) "Note thst domi second declension feminine noun ‘Chrstamas‘Chrstin’ an siecive compounded ofthe base of the noun Chiges + the adjectival six las, um ‘pertaining to, belonging to" Derivatives: uurty —ancuisit elds ene, eat 6 ‘uation, ticor, extradite fo gue deo del, dlete ube table babeas corpus, able ‘mtsellay mont admonition monitor a0 gene actor action ct io i, ier, ibe bee ceed redo, eee, credit ica Dees, duke, duct, del, suede, ce, induce induction ‘ung 1, in neon cnn, emi cop capture, caption, accep, re ” CES Revi etat titcn “eies ciseure a dio audio audition, auditorium ‘slvent, convenient convent, Habeas Hebraics6 UNIT Devivaives: warty ENGLISH as Innate, neonate native nation omus dome, domestic fxemplum — exemplum, exemplary ‘Christine creu Seems lite Drills 1. Present indicative active: second, thd, and fourth eonjugs- ‘ons, Tansee, change dhe number, a reddis—f expiuat beddets fa habemus h. audimus Gage i advenis eared cs ML Disect questions. 4. Puerum works! , Ambulaneadecelésimt f¢ Hyzanum eantane! Hymnum eantant, Ad Judaeam advent? Verb Dei seats Exercises 1. Pao Hebeecs Dominus Aegyptio ug. 2 Deb pits semper agi 5. Acternis paecepis Dominus populum monet. 4 Maritim amp npet $) Eplecopuspopulusn in eclesian indict 6 ecrus cum dscipuis ad domum advent 7. Cum gas vinum bibras vitae! Quine spostolas Christm mals wade? 5 Famuloe mals puerum ao sedaete. 10, In lors Chests popular coniung. 1 Prasceptis pape eeledam dei. 12 Nune minister com agua vu mise Exercises 55 opulas Det in eclésim convenit et Missam agit nster epscepus [Rot poling au steric gloriam eollndimes Domini Semper extdunt lectin Deum! ‘Mapas gnudia Chrieaiotdocerins Chat audios. Sacre Fk Deus peceita delet popul Sine Chis defcimus, popalum enim serva. ‘Ao gar bmp cpt In poseempo bons Bete st aunt et eOnservne verbs Domint. ‘Ducitne servus mes tein agrom ad damm puerum? In Chis habemus plum exemplum, ‘Com Chit mala nemquam fais (agimus) ‘eum haben bonum et sinc, ‘Vin minster magistr dati Chriss gaudo popular afi Drinepiume Evangel pee eapth Tisdowum inet snail uum nécum, Vinum nn haben Tai 3 Venithora, et mane est. 25. Is the wicked apostle bouaying Christ) ‘Dow: Christians have hated of sin? (Gur minster i making sacrifice in behalf of he people Te Ciiee coming with glory? ie ge hank othe Lond, fr he pos ro fight the wicked. TS the servant giving bak the gold othe master?Unit 7 36, Present Indicative Passive: All Four Conjugations [Any transitive verb may ocr in the passive voice. I forme its pres nt indcative pusive by s0ding othe present sem the passive pe. onal endings. These endings signal che person the number, and the core) aur 2 Hire Siar 3 Tar Cheer ‘Notes: &. The alvemate Ast person singular ening (is not ‘sein the present indiestve. 2 fo the vecondsperson singular, both is and e are found. AST CONJUGATION: aud, laude, aud, aude praise” preset infntve:audaee reset stem: laude 3 dor tam praised’ Jaudamar (we ate praised) 2A esr youre India our pase ‘pa 5 Tanda (e/abe ee landanes hey ae ‘ralsed) paised | ‘resent Incative Passive: All Four Conjugations 57 "Notes: 1. The stem vowel dros before the ending oe. 2: One form ofthe second-person singular is Mentical in spelling withthe present infiive, context will ‘eval whichis intended ‘Thestem vowel shortens before the ending nt. FPreent progrstie anlations are equally spprop- _e:'T am being praised, you ate being praised’ es SECOND CONTUGATION, ‘moned, monér, mons, moaits ‘warn, advise’ present infiature: monéee resent stem: mone- 1 moneor (“am warned] monéimu we ae warmed 2 onesie, moaere (You se monemia you are rome, moaere (ou ye ancl monttar bese momenta they ae ‘med ‘woe "Notes: 1, Testem vowel in che frst singular shortens bee another vowel, 2. Thestem vowel shortens before the ending -ner. 1 dcr (a ed) claus (we ae Lea 2 ‘dima (you ae led) ‘THIRD CONTUGATION, “0 TYPE: aco, dere, dist, ductus end! preset infinitive: deere presen stem: dee dct, dieu icp, deee youre 5, daelur(He/she/eis ted) ducuntu ey ae lea) [Note The stem vowels droped belor the ending 058 unir7 ‘THIRD CONTUGATION, “0 TYPE: pf ape, cept, capes ‘take, receive flee thinicive cape 5 capo (Tam taken’) caplmu we ae taken) 2 caetin apres are capi ou ar take) 2 eaptur(be/sberitis taken) eaplunene they are taken’ ‘Note: Ip all third conjugation verbs, boch second singular |) | Spe retain the orginal stem vowel Fe FOURTH couearion aio, anc, audit, audits “hese preset infniive: andre present stem: aud aud} dias [we ae hese ‘adil (you sre hear) audluntue they se eae) dear nese is “see Note:The stem vowel in the Bre singular shortens before an one vowel, 37. Ablative of Personal Agency “The ablative case may be used with a personal noun to express the doer or agent of ver inthe passive vice. The preposition ab abs {always ued in this contretion. Nosta pcesta a Christ delentat “Ours are destoyed by Chie Vocabulary 59 38, Ablative with Certain Adjectives ‘The aiecives digeus--am worthy (of) indfaus, a, -am “un worthy [of and plnus um alo govern the ablative case Per ext proces gnu Uindigns) “he by ie wet (no wont) ofa reward” ‘Team est gloria Det pena “iy earths all of the glory’ of God ots” Disuingush between the use ofthe preposition of to link thes pera adjectives ith thei sblatves and te ‘sein general to translate the genitive case, Vocabulary exlebrs, colebrie celeb, ‘olebedts celta ‘oncclebro,concdebrave, niga, asimae, f [dat /a PL, anaes) sal, le ella, laetdae,{gadness, cone oe i bras clare locargi, hein, vine) together Sette, itary mn, Rem, Ses, sniseicondi,slsricondae, ‘tus strengthen, rake mere, kindness ty senty tba, eae, crows, ‘Hinmo,atirmare, fens, de sdcsaeas prow, ewer tnfemd, ebniemare, fiamavt, configs steengehen, uphold nef victory discoat,.deacon esponsum, respons, ‘wer fesponse me ‘cars, -a, -um (+ dat.) dear, ie en, de i : Sect eatet ysl ay teem nes EN Sena el ve ‘wal or less Jindigaus, «a, um (+ abl.) "unworthy it Senna um Senifast, azn “fies, -um weak, ick smaedico, maledeere, mal its, mater speak evil, loth curse60 UNIT? smaestus um sad sum one), 3 [Necarenvs, 9 -om together ff Nantes Nazarene, aby ab) peep +a by Nasorean ithe agency of vss, -am|+ abl} bene (ac. well fal (ot Tests, esa, Jes, Jesam, Jee, eimai fst ‘vee, Fs aus joshua ‘im peiisa fist, inthe fst male (adv. badly, pearly lace he ‘male habere be sick ‘oecsn, a, um al, the er Icey. + aceon ‘whale Propane of because of Wocabulary Notes Tinmo ‘sng, make steady’ is the denominaive er formed from the adjective rms seadlast fom. : ‘ies sy tll takes ethers dative of nds bjt or a+ 2c- cxentive: dco pope ell the peone ed a popalum ‘ay to dhe People When tment he sense ol ve a order] le Skee dative + infaive: dit puro opertre ‘he ells the boy 19 ‘workin the pose wie, ie my mea eee sch, Is the equivalentofscopulative vec and takes predate nominative earn dctr pp Deer called pope Likewise, ello (Uni 6m {he pave may fonction a coplative: Petras elitr ps {n'a becomes] pope The sompounds benedi abd maledied Thay ake ethers dae rm sccomaive bona poeta Te blesses te boy ‘Anta has a dalive/ablative plain bo, to prevent blag confsed with the dative ablative plural of ania (Unie )—anie mis Any Brst declension noun whose bases dential with ha of « ‘cond declension noun may use hs atemate ending Tia mana ‘lanes Joy ae am outward expesion of emo tion CL genom Unie 3 “Teanga deived fo the Gree, lterly means work ofthe people Dliconus‘Sescon'i taken from the Grek for servant. (Care deat, beloved ey have its sceaing supplemented by & Inds you wore anda you wore assay) alsng| 5 Inidbat Phe/sbe/it was Idan hey were ‘sing eisng) ‘Notas: 1. Sinae the progresive aspect alo includes habieul for repeated ston, these forms may thus Be tans | lated wsed to praise, kept on prasing 2 The endings -m, and -nt shorten the vowel ofthe tensemakang sulk: This i dhe casein he imper ect active forms ofall other coniugations Imperfect Indicative Active: All Four Conjugations SECOND CONIUGATION: ‘monet, monére, monut, monitas ‘wary advise" Enpenect baer ments + bd ~ ood 1 monebam (vas warning’) monebamus we were 2 mondhis you were smoncbatls you were wwaring) ‘wart 5) monthatRe/be(ie was mondbant they were swore mune) ‘THIRD CONTUGATION, “a TYPE dco, dacere, dans duces Tend! present stem dace > dce- Inmpenect bse: dace + b= dacebs- 1 detbam (1 ae leading) dacchamas (we were ‘caine’ 2 deta youwer leading} dae you were ‘ain 5) thas (he/she was a act (ey were ‘TIED CONTUGATION, 46’ TYPE: apo, capre, ep capt ake, ceive! reseat stem: eape->eapie= Eimpenece base: ee. ba. ~ capita 1 capehamy (1 as taking) ‘aplebanus'we were © 5 eaplthts(youwere king? cpa yu were 3 cpt ouve i) cpigbt (he /theis was capa (they were “kn! ae)66 usiTs FOURTH CONJUGATION, audio, aude, andi, andra bea’ present stem: aude > andle= fesperlect base 1 andlebam (1 was hearing) 2 andes you were esrng? sudicbane hey were tesla 40. Imperfect Indicative Passive: All Four Conjugations “To form the impextect acai passive of any vb, it conatract the impertect base as detaled in Section 3, then add the pansve personal endings (the Sro-person singular des the alternate ending not 08, FIRST CONUGATION: luo, laude, laud, ladaeus smperfec Date: laudabs 2 Taub 1 was being aude (ne wei Leis raised tet 2 madd, ludbare (ye Indaba you were were being praised) being praised 45 landabstur he/she was taudtbancr (bey were ing pete eng praise Note: “The ending rand -atur shorten the vowelof the vense~ | making sf Thies the ete in the perfect passive forms of al ether eonugations SECOND CONJUGATION smoned, monéze, moni, moatas wars, advise! Ftnperee bse: month Imperfect Indicative Passive: All Four Conjvgations 67 month wa eins smonthamne we were Being ‘warned ‘warned 2 moncbirit monebare you smpnthamint you were were beng warned} ring warmed smpathdtar'h/she/It wae monthancar they were eine weed eine wares ‘ump CONJUGATION, “6° TYPE dco, dacere, dst, dees “ea 4 dacebar (Twas being le) 2 dacebiris dacthire you dacebamiat you were were beige Seg le 3 dacebanye ‘ne/sherie was dgcebans (hey were ‘ein Ie ein lea) ‘THIRD CONJUGATION, “io! THRE: capo, capere, cpt, capes ake, receive lmperiect bc: eaplebi- Alaeetaonr we were being a * epee as ee pita (we were ing 2 eaicbincnebreyou—cptbamit you wee ‘ere ala ake) “Being ken) 3 piers wae cpibant tbe were eng slew Feingakeny FOURTH CONJUGATION audi, aude, audit, audits hear” liericet bse auaiebs- audit (1 was being sunicbtmut we were being heard) heard? © 2 audichelsaudiebae you audlebamin (you were werebeaghenrd) “being heard) andithetort he/she/it was andithanta they were being hema) ‘eing bese‘6s user 8 41, Subordination (Complex Sentences) A plex sentence consis ewo causes: one independent nf of Hefeddent. Dependent, ox subordinate, clauses are of tree ‘inde odvarbal adjectival nd substantive, An adverbial dependent Clause isa sentence whichis lots independence by the adaition| (fa certain kind of subordnating conjunction. In English hese i lode after, although, becaue, snes when, and while The put ovr of such subordinate clauses fst indeate a cieumstance which ee the idea ofthe independent clause in clearer list. 1 thrkineal! The piente was postponed 2 Iealned andthe penic wes postponed. Ferree mene crane al ne them to make compound sentence [se Section ag) ta both, the Tisteneris left co sort ou the relationship. Buc he third example, by ‘subordinating the Bist else to te second, clessyertabishes del ‘ause-andllet relationship, in one clause reduced ra depen ent claus exerting the free af an adverb Tn Latin, such adverbial clauses include temporal, conceive, com tional, and causal clauses, 42. Causal Clauses ‘caus clause an adverbial dependent cate whe ves ws Son forthe action of the independent clause, It ay be ntodced by any gf imp subordinsting conjunctions: quia, good, quoniam Re PY " omimom laudames, quia (quod, quonlam sanctus es. ‘We pai he Lond, because Hels hay” 43; Indirect Statements (1): Object Clauses Am nice statement functions grammatically 2s oun in English iti cbnimbnly introduced by the suberdinating conunetion that Such a gulstantive clause may occasionally be used a subject, but farmore often is used stan objec ‘An indost stateent a the form ofan obec clnse in Latin oc Ellipsis 69 cur after verb ofsaying knowing or thinking is introduced by _— fubordintingconjuncen, quod guia quoniam that and may es ploy the indicative mood. i's the norm in bot languages to make | tng logical ahustmest in tate and personal releence Christians sum. ‘Tams Chasuan” Dict Petr gu ‘Chasm eat ‘eso to tel Peter that he was ‘Chin rvmnscr srarEmene: quod, quonian) ‘Notes: 1, Although quia, quod and quonlam mean both be fxuse and that contest wal evel whether their ‘late fs adverbial (a caunal clawe| or substantive fan obje clause! 2 Dico, as verb of saying [or elling! takes an indirect, object (Pwo and adres objec quia Chrstiamus frat) Ser Section 26 5, ln imittion of Greck, an anticipatory’ accusative ray be found: dae Jésem quonlam eat fills Det ‘he sald fesus that he was the son of God’ = xi quonlan Jesds ent filius Det he said that Jess was the sonaf God 4 Apnimury tent in che direct statemunt may be 2 ‘ined era secondary main ver: dbxt quod est (Chuetzns ‘he sid tht be ara Chistian” 4a both English and Latin a word or words needad to complete a ‘rammatcal construction may be omitted when they cam be under ‘hood from the preceig clauses This common fertare of language iscalled ellipsis: she sings aswell a Amy [sng] Dan aller than Tat tal wont fora walk bot Meg id [go foe a walk Boat Deum lawn, sed mal non ‘Good men pais God but evil men donot! sed feoord. eon hu, et]yo unre Vocabulary tls, lee, nica em words fit, Saori ‘mondo am poe lean ight stingtin ound" pe ‘adinple,adlnpteas "clean iat . compleo,complere, com ple, competus fil, aly venerable lar, a, um salutary, eal ‘saving y implese,implev, superna, um heaven ‘"iGpewetitscompuss MESA " repleo,replése,replev. t= geréaus, 4 -um eatly plc Al complete tam (inenatying ed ls, rego rere, rex recta ule, “yen fuide govern inerum (ad) again omg, comigere, comes, coe jam (ad) already, now 2908 perlprep. + ace] dough ap tw ace al 1 ft 0 ad nr what ina a mcone— Meltbrdo HO Ta ce Mtb on et Serr Sam alle” gto cn ‘canetus, a, “wav all sed (coord. cont} but, yet ‘oriws, sum glorious fame fod chen, at hat tine fetus, unm (+ dat) pleas: ing agreeable | Vocabulary Notes “The verb pled fl, complet’ eccus only in compound form, Dirigo has the inseparable prefix di "spare away ‘Merivum is 2 noun from Which the adverb merit (Unit 5] has been taken, “Angelica ‘angelic’ is formed frm the base ofthe noun angels + ‘he adjectival sui feu, -um pertaining ta “The edecive gloss is compounded of the base of the noua. sora (Unit 1) + the adjecaval ula sus, am Tull Deills 7 bn hr oem el a et pect oom eer: Sept itocttas a aie Sy Begg hee re ee dees So So nal ane es compe complemen a ‘ples inplement 5 sepent, cecton incorible, ‘origenda,dingible ratus satel age ins ‘lage miracle, mizor er perfect, percolator, perforation Drills be 1. Imperfect inicaive. Translate) change the woiee andre translate fa cantibitur —¢ dlébar i, perducthais B dabieniat” —F mopebamur |. fvenghimains © laudibire —g agibare =k sinibawur 4 berbsneer h. docebitor 1. efter72 unis UU, Imperfect indicauve. Translate; change the number and re ttanslate vais 4, invenicbat observabimar frais fg mncchaer |. adnabimins 4 efcigbantar fh recipihantur 1. celebrabam Exercises Te 4 Potent Det puer digit iin, 2 Auth angeicscalorum Deus laudabitur 5. Per Chis potentiam populus ab apostolssinabantar. 5 4 Domus mes sleau implebiur,quoniaem puer erat co gous replébantr, quia verbum Domint > SER iene aie 6 Quando pucr& maps comigGhiturd —Non hod 1 Hetre lion Dominam alii ning ‘dias, quod mira cuam pee populé complebancur, 4, Didconds dite quod Dominss woes conereum exalt ‘Gonerit6 anima Ded grit apebamus sed mali non (Gincti spa os esim in dom am vnithant. Tectia est etn supernis tin tens, qua Dominus est Sonus ec magnus 12, Puss am iavenlebast quod in iby miré sunt et yma et 15, Malus minister mendum sserfetum nan facibat. 14. Nostt minsta icuse quoniam Chests eat ees et eit Dominus iniverssenacrae- +5, erupts praceptis Chast monebimur 6, Apoatolas audizhet quod fsa cat (est viv, sed nda ae quod Jess ea 7. Spt ise em inde pa Sy ete ca ait : 18 Tne disipull cum Fes per agi ambulaaat. 1, Per merit es sandbambr et effcibirmu fm 30, Bell sumus, qua Deo est lus pis in aeteru, 22 Hodke verbs antiquérum eoram Judseisalsmplentu 32. er sscriinctam sserimentum efeicbimue Domino at Exercises 73 25: Mag su dom convene quod autre ul 24, Tue Pers tusbae enedicdat, et ceba dé miseicordia ‘Domini ose Jat Chest a5, Sed welt hea et me est. a. 23 1. They say ht Peter whe is pope. 5 Youle unl vopeoe God wth une and cane, 5 We were alwys ing strengthened by Gods pace. 4 There is hav of sin be merey forthe sont 5 Youre ant vin words ae Being esr bough the ‘world by all the people. mUnit 9 45, Future Indicative Active: First and Second Conjugations “The future indieatve active for verb ofthe Bret at second conjugs- tons is compounded ofthe present stem + the tense-making su “be tthe active personal endings FIRST CONUGATION: audo, audare, luv, lauds prise” present stem lads Fesure base audi b= laudable Tadao (1 wil praise} aati ve wi landabil you will raise) Ieuan hey wl 2 audtbis (you wil prise’ 3 laudabie [he/she wal, ‘Nota? The -bof the sulix is absorbed in the Bt singular and changed woo in the third poral, SECOND CONJUGATION: ‘moned, monte, monut, monies “warn, advise! preset stem moné- facure base: mone: +i month 2 emomebs (1 will warn ‘monebis you will war) 3 monebit lsh wi mons we will warn) ‘monet you wil ware] ‘onehant (bey wil warm} Future Indicative Passive 75 [Note ‘The icf the sufi is absorbed in the irs singular snd changed eo -uin the hid plural. 46, Future Indicative Passive: ‘rst and Second Conjugations “The faeure indicative passive for verbs ofthe fst and second eon ations ie campoutded ofthe present stem + the tense making su fix-bi + the passive personal endings FIRST CONJUGATION: Jaudo, laure, Lada, laudatas praise” fare bac Ieabi 5 nndibr (wil be praised] labia we wl be erased 2 nade lasbere you laudabimint you will be nil be pase ised laydibieer etshe/i will Jabdabuaeae they willbe erase raved “Note: “The faut pouwes youhane ‘en 5 fae ete was, fern (they were, have rate hs tet tay 53. Relative Pronoun/Iaterrogative Adjective: qu, quae, quod __Asazclauvepronaan, gut, gua, quod introduces an adjectival clause {tte Section 41] hich modifies the antecedent ofthe pronouds 18 -trnslaed by Who whose, whom, oF which, depending onthe case sod th referent. Ab an nterogatve adjective it modifies noun aod ‘tks «question, ies wanslated by what or which quae, quod who, which what! which?” M RON MR ON Nom. qu quae quod qui quae quae Gen Gujur enjus cujus quérum quirem quorum Dat Sat calcul quibus. quibusquibos Acc quem quam quod Ab. que qu quo qs quae ‘bus quibes84 UNIT 10 54, Uses of the Relative Pronoun ‘Asa selasve pronoun, qu, quae, quod is used in adectival clauses and asa connective between senses 4. Adjectval Clauses The elatve pronoun, like an adjective, has tender, number an case derives ts gender and umber fra ts tecedent which may be either expressed or implied but takes is fs rom is function int en elause ‘Deus, quem in psalms ademas, et bonus. ‘God, Whom we praise in pal, good ere quem introduces an adjeeval clase modifying Deus, Quem is ‘masculine and singular because ls antecedent, Denis masculine and singular. Butitsi che accusative case because nits on clase leis the dee object of luda, “The antecedent of relative pronoun may belle unexpressed, ©, Beats, qu in vd Domini ambulant. {Mote who walkin Use way ofthe Lord are blessed, 1. Connective Relative A zelaive pronoun may be used a6 the cquivalent ofa conjunction and or ay ands demonstrative pronoun [this one, tha one, a simpy, she, ori Diss ‘anna “The disipies were coming into the house, And they were gladly listening esas! domum veniebent. Qui cus IaetitsJesam 55. Use ofthe Interrogative Adjective ‘The nerrogaive active, lke anyother adjective egrees with the word itmodifes a gender, umber, and care. ‘Qui minister bode missam eelerabat! "Wie minister was celebrating Mavs today!” ‘uti masculine, singly, and nominative because minister is mas: cling, singult, and nominative, minister, minister n | Minulum, incu, bood, Vocabulary 85 Vocabulary salvo, slvere, sl, exper, -m everlasting, set fee breakup payback perpetual Shuolvo,sbsolvere aol, sceund, a am next, second ‘bsolaras er free om, agentes, monly bere ‘baave, nish *, oy toll ole sustlleublatas allel Hebrew: interjection) tae aay leap ake up allel (ery of foy and braisel ante prep. + ac before ce nterecton) ook! here ‘lelson (Greek imperative) Galilea, Gallen Galilee “have merey! fan, ann, m. year Ind (Hebrew: interec- era, Clery ion) bosanna (ery of pss] Sebi, debi 2 debe Kgule (Greek: vocatve, Aside, destderh wane, "0 Lori ‘ned, dese perenniter ad constantly, deeimentmy, deinen, n perensally ‘Toor posts (adv atorwar imperium, imper n domin- ater on fn, emple ree at, quar, guod |x. inser command tay 2 elpron) t.whicht Swat wo, whic, thet ‘minis serve secundum ie oe ‘incom, rnc, es bit led) suddenly | gels, -um high lot, cxalted| Vocabulary Notes ‘Cerns clergy’ is aken fom the Greek meaning ineritanee the | only inertance ofthe Levites was the Lord ‘Ministeriom ‘minisry, service’ an abetrat noun formed fom minister Unt a} andthe abstract noun-aling sul tum, Secundus literally neans following’ hence, “next, second’ From thin adjective the pripoiion secundum “sccoring t0" has been P deteed. 4 :86 UNIT 10 ‘Ante ‘before’ has both temporal anda spatial mtsning: ante a sum ‘a yar before’ ante domumboore in front othe home ‘When used in nominal sentences, eee mesns ‘ete i cece al lla Donia ‘here i the servant of the Lord letson, despite ts long pel, retains its Grek accentuation: clezon ‘Qat,guse, quod has 4 more genral mesning when sued by -cumque: quicumaue, uaecamque,quodeumque whichever, who rer, whatever” When used with the prepouton cum “withthe ablative precedes and coalesce with i qudeum "with horn’ que ‘buscum "with whom. The relauve may precede other reposions, 2g, quem propter on account of which/ whom A connective tle tive even precedes 4 subordinating conjunction: Qui quoniae ‘And because they = Derivatives: Larix anouis seve Solve, soliton fbsclvo absolution Fino finite, infinitive, definition sams snnal annal lense lene ere clr Gebieam debit debe emimentum detriment Impecium empire, imperial, inealum —ineul eth crm) cicebus” exeelsior sme ‘ntebellom, anticipate au ail wv, quorum, gus, abies subi (musta! term) Drills 1. Give the pincipal pres of sum add comple, reg, acco, ‘venie Fully conhugat the perfect seive indiestve co each 1, Transat; change impertet to perfect or perfect to lmpereet sod etna, 4 cantivisis —& voctbitin¢, faciebam B.laudibmus 4. abutrene 1 dine Exercises 87 fg invenit —f. sinivi— ke seplevimus Reredebis | dicedae 1 idehane Exercises 1 2 ‘ Glia in exclais Dod [Minister ser rivera: Kyrie, léton! Domina, qui ext Bonus, desdela popu semper svt Servus, quem sls, mais et quam et vioun dd. ‘ere Christ quseaudimu apostlt ident (Qui disopul in Galilee eciverane quod feeds Neceaus 2 ia unigenits Bet E Sceundum tua verb peceaniteropedvims et 6vimus Caters nn crue fie domino Fer Gage ium Devs debits nostra ‘Agaus Det qui tole peceita mun, 3 popu semper iiditur “ = “Hogi Dominus Deus Fiium anigenitam super cinctée in Geloet ate enult Al Pe Det perpergam misercordiam vincala peed Talunnte sone Qui discpul vitamin GallaedSasveruseh Poste Chet deviment Pete afflebancr. Benes, qu venit a sénam Domini. Hsin in Siesist Subit pur imperium Domain vide. Qui Ded grits es CClenusinisteni6popal step aduvatr. ‘Primi csciple Petra svt, sed eecndue nf, Infirm i domum inriverut. Qui Jesu sinabaneur SIRT an Gaentn in ste vest erro er potestiam Domin Petrus populum peccitisabsolwit ‘Maia nitum ante masts wit (ried) ‘sac ss teas aos abu, trust Es eerun inert Capharnzum. Ml. ‘Selo quis Mesias veit—ql dieu Chats. Jai, 25. ‘Which le is good and bessedt The boy wham we sa isthe child ofthe servant. aise unr ro 2 What servants ofthe Lod ae without Blame? 1 Here is the Lamb of Ged, who takes sway the sn ofthe wo J 9. 5: Th dsc who helped the people ended is ministry in Unit 11 56, Pluperfect Indicative Active: All Four Conjugations The plupesfect Is the past completed tense, uansated in English with the auxiliary ‘tad To form the pluperfect indicative ace of ‘ny verb, fet construe the pluperect bare remove the ending from the third principal pare to isolate the priest active stem, 200 ‘he tense-malingsufx-eet and add the active personal endings ‘or example Judo, landare, laa, ludatas erect ser: iui Dluperece Base lana + eke ~ laudavers- adie thd eet} adnan we 2 lananet Fou hed leader (vou ba Tanaaverat (he/she/ic had Imdeverant hey had raed prac 57, Future-Perfect Indicative Active: ‘All Four Conjugations = The fururepesec isthe future completed tense translated in En © lsh withthe unites "will have’ Ils compounded ofthe ptiect- m+ the tasemaking sufi er the ative pesooal or example: capo, capere, cept capt ‘ake, recive perfec stem cep ouure-pesect base etp- + eek = efperk-90 unin r tpero wil hve sakew! sperms we will ave . céperts you will have ken eit (he/sherie wil have epi they wil have “tikeu “ae Note: ‘The-t ofthe sufi is dropped before the ending-€. | 58. Ablative of Cause ‘The ablative case with o without preposition} may be used to ex press the cate ofan action or ste ‘Beat sums {é)vietrla Domi We are happy becotteof the vitey ofthe Lord! 59. Direct Quotations ‘The exact words ofa speaker may be quoted directly Inthe tad onal Vulgate Bible, quoutlon mas are not sed) capitalisation lone is used to indicate the beginning fs quotation. 14 No Change The speakers words re quoted with no change. Per dixie, Mes familia Te oy Sid, "My family is here."” '. No change, but introduced by guia or quoniam_ The speaker's ‘words are quoted with no chang, but may be introduced by an un (Wanalted sign word, qua or quoniam Per dist, Qua (Quoniam) mes familia ext he "Te boy said, "My family i ere”" [Notes Following contemporary practices, che Nova Valeata ‘uses quoutlon make end hes eliminated the use of {guia oF quoniam to ineoduce diect quotations. elit eclingl feeling te di Sao. ate er Saale Suse, ai cr Satan gal et ss ites prher,asemble Segrego,agrepi,aggegtr, ges a (foun ‘congress congregate, con- sega compres Esther open sesemble seg, tere, segregi, eee seni pst, pate, para, pastas proide prepare raeparo, prepare, ened, proepratus result, revue sultan, = alties resound rebound sanculles, smear, snct- Vocabulary Notes Vocabulary 9x fav, sanctfeatur make holy sane sper, aperu apertas explain ‘Adam, Adae- 3. Adam sul, aulae hall church ‘oleanng, column, {pla column cretuara,crdtarae, (creation, Seema, Hasmmae,f fazne hosts, hose, sacical ‘ofeting, hos Jnnocentia,innocentia, Pascha, Paschae,£,Pasover, esac, aschy Exeter prophets, prophet, m Prophet seriptara sciprrae,& clus, ebm. food Paulus, Pall. Pa dolores sm serowte) ieeean sor ‘parvus, sum ede small acral, um ie, ‘nal extn um cid sped pep + ace i the presence of smnong athe Foose of fine od rom bere ‘oblprep. + ace] beeaue of “The verb lino ‘bend’ is used only in compounds. When used ‘without s direct objec, relino occrs i the pascive (equivalent to | the Greck miele relndhantar "they were recining”92 UNIT “xslt and resus ae fequentaive verb derived from the pris tive verb salle leap’ For exsults "joes; compare the expression, ‘jumpforioy” ‘When fc ‘do, mak’ [Unit is compounded with a noun or an adjecive i changes from the hid conugtion to he fe: gléia = fio ='iorfco (gloietre, etc| ‘make glorious, glorify! The same observation may be made about santo ‘Grog isa denominative verb deved ron the noun gex(Unie 8) meaning flock" “The Hebrew nouns Adam and Pasch ae declined as fst cle: ‘ion nouns Adam ln fom, may be either nominative or acsaive ‘Creaaraiterlly means the act of or the result ofthe act of ce ating hence, ‘creation, erestre’ Seiptea uss the samme now making sul Cara Prophets stake fom the Greek meening one who speaks forth Laetusis the adjective from which the noun taeda (Unit 78 formed. “Ther is itl or no difference in meaning between parva and pat als, they ae often used substantively to mean Tile one hence na Derivatives: arin ENGLISH inclind incline inclination fesules—enulation fcngregd Congrepte, congregation seme seston italic dbus eboriom Aolbrsus dolorous, doloroso [musical term) tert tertiary 1. Ploperfect and farureperfect active. Translate; change the ‘Buber and retreat 4 amabuaverat B, dederimus diversas 4 laudiverae fe dileverit 1 miscueri Exercises L . b Exercses 93 gerant ——j,fferaverits ma. direxerat, direro —— adinpléveris—n scteramus Gens yexene o. solver Plupefect and future perfect active, Traslae b 4 Ihe had fib ‘we will havesbsolved they ad had you will ave seen Fhad warned £, Toil have sid youlpl had taken B. they wl hve sled UC shehad elerated 1. eval ave known ‘Quoniam Hebrat columnar fammae viderun, etc | aE atcha Sbcrvane i ‘Te cael ste Jatin aperitbantr ; ‘Mer niwn cris aoc Api lave ‘Ulnuedabit) aa ‘Ale lett popu resultaverat, ; Jam Jess popu intrre in templum ders. | ‘Cancel epost in cenaculo congresaverant, et bi Deum i perenniercongloneatane ETN 1 I principio erat Verburm, et Verbum era apud Deum, et i Bauserat Vabum-fo- 1 i / | (Gt Aine cpu puts aban Cen Domina, ‘Nam Chases mornucs viv sepervert. Paschs doled effeluntu ae In Jindacdapoetolu vam Doma pracpariverat ‘Qursemperetdligentr opeiverine pro Deming ‘Setemumm pseuan habebunt i opho ecto, Pera gted esti ne dod tec Benoatsdarter * Sed ante anu Paulus Peerum i Galilaed vider. ey serv gibi very cit ctnetos ga Paulus, magaterin dae crs, sepsis bene sever, Popul gui aul ongresiveny vitor Crist Breil onmernérint i nile Peas di, Quis Bodie ef magnon fescum Dom.96 16: Paulus autem a popalum dst, Indignos sum esse etiam ‘Scrvus Doming noses Jet Christ 2. Miniter enim et se! 8 ref incindverint et a Dean 21, Qui prophteastncti scripts populam monuerat 33, Hine minister hostiam consecivit (nsec 33, Diteat dao, Quoniam Pls xt eat potentla Del, fon foe ans petro spose Sscupdum Seriperas bei erunt in Setermim, qu ° andata Domini observerne * as, Hoctia sietstieu ot eilur cus acternae vitae, (quod nostro male Deus potentan deli 236. Beat atom are er 3p, Dicitel (to her eso ‘guingte( Sve eats teas Babs cx ne gueas hae, ‘Sb ls Hoc Pei vere ast} 1718 ad you known the innocence ofthe Lambt ‘A che victory ofthe Son the mie of angel will have ‘ited in the hesvens, ‘The third minister ado Paul, "We ave heard that you ie he chosen of Goa Soon Paul, + contite and sorowful man, will have seen the power the Lard 5 In henven the servants of the Word wal be joyful, because they wil hve known the glory of he Lard 60. The Ausiliry Verb possum ‘be able All Sis Indieative Tenses ‘As lmportant aur ve is pose, pone, poral — “be sble, Can’ he presen, sere, and fue tec ford by ang ‘otto those tense of sum, Before «consonant, po becomes pos] PRESENT TENSE: 1 possum (7 0 possums (we + ely oe ni IMPERRECE TENSE: &—poceram ( ners we Pree) Magen 2 petri you pote yo ould) Poot) tert oer they 2s ah could FUTURE TENSE: x pmere.(Lwill —_poterimus ae eae Pa be bie 2 pote (you pote yo Pritt, Pulte Se eit overen (he Pbelshesie vn be able} wil bein “The perfect, plupaect, and future perfect tenses are formed in the segular mansier fem the third principal par: pot, pata, cc. otueram, potuer, etc, ponuer, pate,96 UNIT aa 61. Complementary Infinitive ‘Certain verbs ondinalynood present infinive—Le, the second rineipl par ofa ver>—to complete the meaning Dominum laudare possums, "We ate ale to prite the Lord” 62. Object Infinitive |Akin to the complementary infinitive is the object infinitive, an Infinitive sed an the object ofa uansiive verb Pett siunt dre. "The boys know [bow fo pray 63, The Perfect-Passive System: ‘Three Compound Tenses In all four conjugations, the fourth principal part—dhe perfect pas five participle ie the roure of thre indtstve tenes the perfect pussve, th plupetict passive, and dhe ueue-pedec passive. These enes are formed by using the participle with the appropriate tense ‘fst, Thus each form ofthese tenses is made up of two words, The paticiple always agrees with he eubject whether expressed ct im fled) n gender, number, and ease. Thus only dhe nominative end [pews on somo ae “tae used in the formation of these cee (64, Perfect Indicative Passive: All Four Conjugations “The perfect indicative passive represents two tenses the simple past ‘aahve (it was dane] andthe present completed psave[ hasbeen Bene Content will determine the appropiate wenalaton "The perfect indicative pasive fe formed by wang the fourth pin ial part in combination withthe present tense of sam. or example rmoned, monéze, monul, monitas war, advise! + monitys um sum (1 wat have been wae ‘moni, -e,-asumes |e ‘were been warned Uses of the Perfect Passive Partciple 97 2 monltus -a-um es(‘you, moni 2, ests "you wwere/batcbecn warned "“were/bafe been warned’ 3) monitng a -am ert monte, sunt the, elahetiwasthas been ""weretheve been warned! ‘rare Notes: 1 The sudca is cautioned not to confuse the present patsve and she pefect passive. Compare moneor ‘Tam varned' and monitas sun 1 was warned 2. The pect tense fst etc-—snuy be subst= | tuted fr sume est ete, with no ailference in ‘meaning: monitus sum jmonitus ft) 7 was/have been varned 5. Oceatonlly, the form of sum precedes the parti= Gil th no diferc in meaning sem menitas_ | (65. Uses ofthe Perfect Passive Partciple “The perfect pesive participle i essentially an adjective several ad fective already lesmed orignated as prfeepesivepariiles Sanctus, bests, Desedies, lees, snd eons. sicple may be sed exacty like an adjective, o than adverbial fowte the equivalent of circuaseantal lane ce Setion ot] Like any ajecuve, ca be used as a substantive Laudims glirfedtam Deum, ‘We praise the glorfed Gol Sctmasadjats 4 Ptr "We know [the ones avéng Beer iknow eh ne hong bes) ‘as os squrvansnt oF Past 4 dicon® monitus, ecelsiam, ‘tye bay, having Beep) wormed the Micon ceed te eh? “The boy becnure although if/when ed bees warned bythe deacon, entered the cure,8 unre aa [Note that aftr the bei ransation,havingbeen dhe student may ery various translation depending on dhe concext) which en ddr the pariiple in aie form. A pesect participle, when t55- lated aa clause, i given a tense prior otha ofthe main verb. [OC cisionally, where sense demande ie may be trandlated with 4 tense Amen Hebrew: inet ad., ded tame, uel (ward Vocabulary 99 ims (ad to roach poequam (tubord con) ater coneemporancous wid dhe man veh Vocabulary lama, climate, climes, ‘lamas ey ou, shoot, alhupon seelame, aclamr, ac. lst, clams cry fue exclaizn cexclamo exclimare, ex ‘lamar, exelamsian cry loud exclaim suberno,gubeenare,gubeenav, gubernatus gover dsbeo, deere, debut, dbieas ‘owe, ought (+ if) wales, vale, valu, —be well, be tang, be ale (+ video, ride, views sum cp) seca (+ a) sexing, desinere, desi, divas (tn) ease sto nitere, ist, esas send cst put iit, dunitere, dims, aia ed ey pecmita, permittee, permis permis alow, Benmie( dat andl subenitt,submitere, ‘sabi submissas lover, Sbore, babe selingud elinguere,eligul, relict leave (behind bandon seg: ‘hie greene ‘nsurgd,imsurgere insure, Tsureetus fe up sesurgo,resurgere, fest ‘viv, vivere, ie vita live cepa: Concipa,concipere, conetp, ‘concepeas conceive exept excipere, excep, ex ‘Neamt welcome nei, icipere, nce. a- ‘eptus begin Inf) possum, posse, pot, — "beable, ear {= 1) callers, collecae collect; allection va, Brae f Eve ‘mena, ovens, table ‘banguet corso um fed sure, optim, am best, ery good 2fafimation > tly ‘guidam, queda, quiddam ‘amtequam (subord. con!) inde) pron} a cenain one, bere 2 cere thing stgue (ae [coord soni and guidam, queda, quod alo}, and fren), inde} ceesin {gheur|éon J therefore then tamen [ad nevertheless Vocabulary Note: ebeo otginted as a compound of de ‘ewey from’ end habeo “nave, bold (Unit 6) « debior bods whet he owes away from his creditor Note that videos, the passive of id [Unita], means seem when ‘wed with an init ‘Surg is compounded of ub + ego oubego > surlg6 > surg) Inelpio means "ake upon’ onesell and so Regine takes an object tafe ‘Certain the aictve from which the adver cere (Unit ol it forme ‘The spelling atue is used before vowels or consonants, ac before consonants only atque asi ed springy, indicate that which ‘he lutene eouldnot anticipate rom the context. Postguam ‘alter takes perfect where formal English prefers the pluperfect tense: pstquam puerum vit ‘after he bad seen the boy” ‘Ts iteSnive Specie autem, gundam, qui ot the definite pronoun quidem, qusedany quiddaa) ae dentcal ode tlension save forthe peling of the neuter singular nominatve/ Sceusative. Hoth are formed from the relative pronodn/adhctve, ‘0, quae, quod [Unit ro] by the sddton ofthe six -dam, “Temen nevertiles seldom comes fit ai late. slime claim cela, exclaim fubenb —guberntorial Bied debenture f= debener} ale) valor valid, aval prevail esino —desinence miso Mate ssl, permissive fellagud clings relic elie 4yoo UNIT 12 Devivaves: Lavin NOLS sun ingurection resurgence, orgimento eapié concep, conception except, "cipent, inception possum pose, posible, poteat seme Men mes ‘piss Opemum, Optime cigars Drills 1 Complementary inflaiive with poatum. Translate change the ‘number on ecrenlate 4 videre potest. parte potwénant aude poterimus Hire possumus © sei poceruntf relinrepotuerant Give the principal parts of tll find apeidy vided, xia ‘sin, Flly conjugate the perfect indicative passive of ach UL. Complementary and objet infinitive. Translate rmittere debimue reper point Inve debahie ‘die dsinam J. cantire pueo penmitebat 4k ere populo permittit 1 sete edebenear a a t 1.1. Peres potensam Pers valebet popld bite dimitere, 23: Nane dims sernam eum. Le 29. 4 Cert Deum Igudare non disinémut, Nam Dominus et 4 Roequam Fal ali eligi, sb étum disci Exercises ror 4. va Ada aes dat &: Poem chen ete morc resunay,vivos Gitte gibucom dips vaur oe 7. Fetus poet permit ebm et vnum ree od Ene &: Abfegtimn miner caecum dt, neat ‘bien tn leat te) 2: Dit, vi tmen sim alin, 16, Annu apsl es el sun sszperne ‘Gonaives de, Sire auto lea tr ds 0f Deo 1a. Bepopul seep, ed siti el iis 15 Qala dial on sims excep Callas eiquérane va a “ 14 Fouls cut, al ene mons, ni ‘linha itu ' populd ssepe eat 16, De est vt crs apostas sve mira srbere 17, Jam Bva prin ftom eoncepecae 18. Hodiéantemencam Domini convtaimnus Chitin 19, Opsimum mister vinum adhe serv 30. Universumseliiiers Det potenti semper rctum ful, 231. Discpul ier vist une cream eapee pram, 25 Mls serves, and moni nimismafediceredomind 23, Tunc optimus et maximus vi Jodacam guberibat? 24, Puer quam quod Pero dedert, subi fecepie aque famine del ne 25, Infést adapt sune verbs ansigutrum prophécum, 26. Bell sunt et parvuls ante domm conpeprtosaduvdre pont 27. Beniveum vinculasoldta sunt, Acts wv, a6 28 Ipsi (to him loa et imperium in secula esi Ande ee as, Amin mn eo vit you elt ir, et mc et. In was 30. Obi to ow datum ext myst 30. Yao ou) stra rgnt Del 231, ece vide cals epets. Acts, 6“4 Will e beable to ear and do the word of esus? "- & Tsrant wate y Pro he ase of Go ~~ $y the onli will not cease to praise the very & pet powe' dl che ling Cod pe 4 The lite servant despot sem to now how) to prepare (Prey pod supper for Pal oe een s. Recording to the Serptutes od permitted (to) His only Soaps Rina Unit 13 66. Pluperfect Indicative Passive: All our Conjugations ‘The plupefetinlicstve passive the past completed tenes, ie al: ‘ways translated with che auliais ‘had bee Ite compounded of the perfect passive participle and the imperer tense of st, Tor example ico, acer det deta ed 1 Giga; om em ha det a ga Sangre se ae game ne > amen yon a ead erm piseeiap ‘Note: The plipedoct ese —fueram, futis, ete may be substtfed for eram, ers, et, with no dfrence tn eaing tutus um eat Tiefait Red been ed) 67. Future Perfect Indicative Passive: All Four Canjugations “The future perfect indicative pausive, the future completed tense, x slays translated with the auzllanes "wll have been Its cot pounded ofthe peice pasive participle and she face tense of sum. “or exemple: sudo vate, ativan esr” tiga x (10 rime ve ‘hive botchen oman techn 4ros UNITES 2 audit, a, um es dit 26a ert you "wil have been ear) wnlave ben eat) 3 aus, mere alts ae -a crust (they Yinershelie will have been “wall have Boon heat card ‘Note: The favre procs tense—fuer, fuer, ete—may be substituted fore, els et ee, with ao diferece in 68. Ablative Absolute ‘The ablative absolute mos often consists of anoun + a perfect pas sive pariiple in che ablative case other less coramn forms wil be ‘en later) Ae subordinate constrvetion, occ only asa a ton tan independent clase [e, a complete sentence) Bu ss fame absolute’ implies, it snot duecy connected wo either the fubject or the objet ofthe independent clause nthe Veet, how: ‘rer, this le ie not always strictly observed] Instead gives ‘retmstance which modifies the meaning of the sentence. The ‘lreumatance wll vary it may be tempor, eoncessve, causal, oF Conditional. Thus the sbatve absolute serves asa substitute for an ‘Svein clause oc Seen sx ‘Since the preie ciroumreance intended by an ablauveabsoluce Adepends onthe conter the student should translate erally at fist {using the formula 'wieh [noun] having been [parle before {ng other possibices when, aldough, since if, which require 8 ‘Snite form of the verb the English, (Cénd praeparat, pues in domum inttverant With dinner having been prepared, the boys catered vhe house” When, since, ea, dinner had bess pespared, Since cis frm of te ablaive absolute uses «pasive participle all uansations, however fee, shold retain the passive voce. As usush te perfect paiple de- rote an acon pir tothe main Yer, Synopsisofa Verb 10s 69. Temporal Clauses. ‘Adverbal clauses psaly temporal nature have vets in che in Aictive mood a in Engl ntrodctory time words ae wed eg, ‘eum "when, afer xi when, 28 00a, wt "whe, Cam abi, wt} fxs surest, aportolt erat Led "Wie ess ares, the apts wer jy 70. Smnopsis of « Verb A smonsis of aver in char showing at glance dhe diferent in fection forma whch the nb ay hee is sully Set po Show forms of sheen penton sad tamer Piling ous synopeisan valuable aio semembering ee a os forms ny gen rer. At thn stage you nam the sense ad ‘beindavemcodin both che active a te pasive Dato pv em fom slipping sway, you boul therm in your mud By the feliowing proce take fay tanitive verb Le, one with pale 2 well as active fms nd wise i our pal pay chonse & erton and number, then flo he uel possible fra ofthe ‘et inthe chosen frson and mamber. sot forme are ese, this execs shouldbe expanded to tchde ther, A complete ay ‘xsi fom maybe funda hee ofthe morphol eppense Yom KeAGL Thasesond peron sng of vso, vue eae evan call Beck eee tine ne ‘Wanlton slong with each ose} secon persoc singular of vet uc, vcd, veitas rhe nga of ". Preset: te Yoel, vosare reall fou ae Calle Imperfect: yoesbas Yoctbas,vocabire ouwerecaling’ — Sou ware bop ealied Fuca eta ocabers, vocabere ou wil eal ‘you willbe esis!” Pesce: ctv oct, sum es Routheveleatea —Soauethave been lied Plupefect: yoeder yoedtus, am ers Noahadeatea’ oath been calcdros UNIT 3, FururePerect: yoedvers ocd -a-um eis Swit have called? youn aave Been "ale! Vocabulary dine, eat supper creo, cede, crv, ereatus we "ald, addere add, addius Brera a perdo, perder, peri, per- “ies lose; destoy inca, incarates,incoain, ‘nears nae inc es, take incarnate mato, mare, marav, mate- ts change, exchange maut,immacdze, fa ‘vt eum rastorn sto, ste stett stats stand teal . 4 hy end oer clecumsty, creumstsre, ce: ‘ometet, stand aun, snare Set nee, ‘pe ehreten (+ dat) practb, pees, pastel inet pests ecomplish rest, rete, esti, — eviai tend) io, ere, id -tus put ‘ond, condere, condi, “condieus fod, hide subd, sabre, subi, sab ‘ins pu under, pura, sstjec vi, prere, pepe potas ence pecs, bet spect pecre, spe pets ook spit, apiece agp Tapes lok a cireumepici,creamapices ‘Sreuapett cicamapee ‘loo Soto despii,dspeee despens, pect ok down on, despise at cepa, reget, teapector ook stead, wc ‘apie, bapa, oer bape extra dexter, ight hd tuba tubes, tumpet lights gt Binge toe focus culm. oje ‘dha, rahi ar (Serta oem forab, dese ‘err, dsr m desert Coates, um Callcen Tadaens “um Jovi Romanus" Roman om sbord. Sn] whe, ier Vocabulary 107 aonec[subord con) while, petmum ad) (a Sst fang, H leabord. cont), whether dum [subard con) wis, bir subord cont 2. rele lng a; fade rhe 4 008, est suord cons alkhough, where, which place ‘event sigue ad.) everywhere, ll subord. cons ules, "ywnere ‘ot, exch wt (ord cont when, et Vocabulary Notes ‘Cend, «denorinative verb fom cena Unit is ntranatve, i, stdaes noc take an abjece. ‘Addo and perdoare compounds of ‘give ncamo is formed fom the aoun cao amis. es (Uait 19} ‘The pref of imamate = ie ate not negative foc tive mat Thang mmato ransfon Sto ‘stand i scmetimes the viel equivalent of em ‘be men se stant i aul the tables stand (= ae inte hall” “The verb do, ~ere, i tus ‘pu’ cecus only in compouus condo found hide’ and oubdo ‘pot under ‘While the simple verb speci aelsom occ it yields four impor ‘tant compounds pico, eveumspico,depiels aod seis, ‘Baptista isan agent non borrowed fom Grek ‘Brachinm ‘azy's sso spelled with two co; when so spelled, che tert by nature but sow long by position brachiam re the aijectves from which the nouns Galiles [Uni | and Jadaea [Unit a) ae derived ‘Cum ‘wit’ (Unt 1) and extn when, afer se homonyms. Since their uses ae so dfrea, whichis meant alway cleat un paced ‘with the boy’, eum pucevidet ‘when the boy sees’ Camm "when, fee is quit often used with the fuure or ture pets indicative, ‘Dum, when it means ‘while, wall often use the presen, even if the main clause hs a past tenge: don ambalt,catavit wale he ‘walked be eng” Derivatives: tari’ awotist 23 Stay tec oat, tation ube Slace esti he rot sido non / |ro8 UNIT 3 Derivatives: tarin ENGLISH ccondé condiment, condition pers perdton Pa partuson, postpartum blues Specio—_Specatr, expect, despicable, pect decera—ambidester fhe tube igites dig, digital computer focus osula, cult, aveile brichium brachial braces, brassiere, pretzel Jidaeus™ Judie sbigue——ubiguty m. Plupefect and foewe-perect passive, Teasslace, change the ‘number and eanslate 4 cantitus eit. sindta exis Bdamerant—B.conted feerim laud ferint 5 ent format G scritacrae f sstitae ent fe erie weatae visas erm 4 fick cramas 1 missus ero Plopefet and future-psfct passive. Translate 4 be had ben abandoned f, Iwi have been helped ‘we will have been sent 4. you{pl} had been guided 2 theyhad been opened they will ave been known 4 youwallhaveDeea seen i she hed been suengthened fe Thad been separated. hewill have ben healed Ablativeshsolute. Tanslat erally papa audaxo Fy soli dbies @ lbes epee fae satits fe relicta domo ‘infirmis autem sits Exercises 109 & Hymnd dt, rosea dom eget 2 Antequane puer a cénam missus est, primum in domi femedt cam server ‘Tae Gellac a Rominis spe déapect sun, quoniam {62 Riminoram noe sdorsbant. ‘Cum vera és audit erunt, qui virnoa erteet ‘Dum ope, orabt st mance popu observa fein, babebunt Fein irs Domi ce des Pau avn ‘dbedverae nae eran. 2 SUPE AIDE o. Utes steumemen vir rant mae etn nam dcerunt.Sciverunt enim quod fess vera dierat 1. ‘Senet ol ne ean, ea vio ie sx, Doangels Domini vss. vsti sy Aalverdirtaan una - 13, Euam in cers fadase pect Jism cv Js enim imum rspecte dine Eereagmus Det 1, Ets est paral puer in domo reste "4 Rapes ate tat vent sas in Gaiam, bt populo Evingeltm diver ince 15, Mana pitnum nitum peperit et vocius ext Jisas. 1. Senet vie decar puss spec dn i fom. 2 ub ada deen Be ian ean act potentam mbencordiamgue landiverun. 18, pnp Deus munya oe proce 1p. Nir mia et ott lis nara et? 22: Nain Nae babi 2: Reig ps aru cod ad dexter Pets 22. Vi ul ium peril 3 oda art 25, Kita! ul cieumsetene poe isin 2. Nits als eng et ci 25; Gn gue ten ea, See ai, a ‘Ets ecu pat eee 26: eh te et maint up 2 Beet is er prope 23 Rone sel sure a 6.4 untr 13, cr the super bad been prepared translate in two ‘Mapas setMeratted nee sapien st he Ti hand of Pa “The ron wo Had een trite yeaa te ‘Bey precept ‘wer able to peay to Go ‘ales fe untrese ‘When Pru wil have asived atthe hows, he wil be sen ‘by Boter the Gaacan, [Aker the apste eal the scond bor, che servant did fot cent t pase the met of God Unit 14 ‘11. Third Declension Nouns: Masculine or Feminine ‘While nouns ofthe fs declension have ae and those of the second declension ave vin the genitive singular, nouns ofthe third detlen slon have "The nominative singla fori 0 vane that cca ‘ot be edaced eo rule but must be lee es «vocabulary item “Todeclineamsculine orfeminine thin declension nu, Sst de- sive the base by mmoving the ending i from the genitive singulat then ad the following endings Bat fee ‘abl a Sos ems * Sus —— ‘Notes: + Sine the dative singular (a ad the genitive pla (ue endings are identical with the spelling used {nrher cases inthe cond declension, the student ‘is cautioned to identify the declension ola nou be foreatempring to determine ts eaee. | 2. Altiough some ending inthe plural ave identically Speled,contexe il nelp to determine the intended we x, ris ming base: re. Nom. Gen sexe king’ gts (he ing regis (ol che Ming) fegum ofthe ingsna UNIT 1g Da setae he Kine} se oo hein ‘Ace, regem the king! rege (the Kings SL ree fom/vit/invby eb om ihiby ‘ine ‘he nest nites, mites, father’ base: mite Nom. aiiter(the mother) mitts the mother Gen. imitl'of the mother] mutrum ofthe mothers) Dat mt (foro che mde (r/o he pad comet fe lente meme meen te) mtb Cen wiinfby Ar misehe mater! ‘eet 72, Third Declension Nouns: Neuter [Neuter nouns ofthe thd declension ue thesame endings employed by masculine ad feminine third declension nouns, except thatthe Steurstive singular duplicstes the nominative singular learned as © “ocabulary item and che nominative and secuatve plural both end Cen ie Dee i he = MS corp, corps, x.y, cope se: capa om. comps (ie boy) corporis) Gen. =H (af the body’) ‘corporum (‘of the bodies’) eames orto the body’) (rita the Da ori spare ‘Ace. conan the body conpor the be St Soper ferthisn/ omar omy Bort "Rfby he boss) Dative ofReference: Advantage or Disadvantage 115 73, Genitive of Description “The fenltve cast ofa noun, often accompanied by an aijectve, is ‘sed to deseribe e explain nother noun in the same phrase Sumus populss misericordiae? ‘Ave wea people of mercy!” ‘Primi Christan eranthomints let ania. “The frst Chisians were persons of joyel mind (homo, hominis, "human being. person] 74, Ablative of Description he lative case «nn, vas acompanid by an acti “used to describe «person ar thing. of Pears ent vis magod anim ‘Petar was a maa of erat sul? 75, Subjective and Objective Genitive ‘The genitive case may be used aubjecively when it names the sub fect of the action denoted by the mon to which itis connected Likewise, the genitive may be used objectively when it names the ‘objet ofthe ation denoted bythe noun to which tis aesced. rupeer Def misicordam homnum grits gimnus. “We sve thankson account of Go's pty toward human Betags.” Here Det is a subjective genitive bessute denotes the one pity sand homimum is sn ebjecive genitive Besase it denotes tke Ones receiving the pty, 78, Dative of Reference: Advantage or Disadvantage ‘The dative case may be used to rele to the intetsted or affected party ofan setion Depending on whethes the panty benefits or fer from the acti, tis use ofthe dative i called one of sdvancage ce diaadvantage. uae mala med populé feiss? ‘What evils haveyeu dane tomy people?ng UNIT 1g (Christus omnibus homlnibus surest. "Christ has rise forall Auman beings” 77. Apposition ‘Arnoun may be used to explain another noun, both nouns have the Same cave tnd dhe tame syneactial relationship to the rest of the eum, nostom Patrem,lnudamus. "We paize God our Father 4 er, pats, mTaher| ere Deum isan accussive, che dzect object, end Ptrem i a ‘usaive, in apposition to Deus. 78. Concessive Clauses Adverbial clases of concession [ae Section 43) have verbs inthe a: dicatve mood when introduced by such sign words axes lthourh, ‘even if (Unie 3) and quamguam bough" Quarnquam es) sums indgns, Deus tamen canes digit. ‘Although we are unworthy, nevertheless Gd loves us al (digo, dtigere, ext, deers ove) Vocabulary exergeo,deergere, deter, _seibo,srtbere, sips, detesus wipe avy, cancel ‘sefptaswnte Inhaere, taser, iaboest naesus cling, hereto (deed lego, legee, eg, eens ‘hose, sleet ead ‘eacribo, dscaber, Tuscpi,rarcipere, suscep, calligg, collier, cole, ‘susteprus ake up, pick collects gather up ake ‘py acer ‘rome, hasan Joannes, Jonas, John pater, pate, mm. father hoose lect, Vocabulary 35 ‘riceps,peincps,m. chil, corpus, copote 2. body, dempr, sie ss gene. kin, tone who buys tack enter J ‘icemer amen, tami, ht se eg, ao eyes Sacerdas sucexdogs,m. priest manus, mmeris, mpl Aeprcatio, deprectionis tng tse typi nner prayer suplcson bres smite, tris, nother nomen exis, 0, name aa orton, prayer ecu aun oy speech ‘abr braced f namony peace eng [coord con therefore nis fee ideo Jade) therefore, on thet ‘volun voles fil ‘ccoamt Baptisms, basmati, quamguam subord con) mth ‘sioush Vocabulary Note Tego means bots ‘choose, select’ and real sie to read means co pick out words ors page~-ao easy tsk forthe ancien since the leas of punetution and spaces between words wer late incoming. [Note thatthe compounds diigo and intellge (Uni 1] have (oct 8) che cid pencpal pare lex inele, ‘Suscipio means ako up rom below’ A Rona fates acknowl cdget a newborn chld 28 his own by picking op eclesiatial atin often uses is verb of God the Father taking up and therefore scknowleging! ou earner prayers annés ot" may also be aplld wich ans Johannés. Rx ing” relsted totegs ale’ (Unit Deprecatio “supplication and Geis ‘payer aze nouns formed from peslectpariaplesfrom déprecorestech [hit 20) and or dexerged—deterge, detergent tnheered—inhesene. wees esc, lecture, eeer,letion, Teetionary Sigs preileeion16 UNIT IG Beerises 117 Deivanes wart wa mince mt Se cb cam She Sie cee een | sloetbue Susan ems pe suercses ater ae 14. Quamguam princep axcerditum vee Js audi, ee Sharan cece abe Sette Een » nto nisi por tte ner Sina mate, meri, maternal 5, Erg apesol eum cllgtrane et Setrunt popu Sao San «Sear ra ot ram ten = ew s- Sibqs ne ous cpt hase Lee eee ceo ae ms Shoe Tol common 5 Na incest ag ac ph Sie git seer ane pee dee comes - . cl GMa «Siete hones hm cee ee Scuntor eee TOSS lk aun smi Rory en hei set co oe 8: Rs ae ure ano (iuimguem Gancan 2, Discipl Evangel sh Gh pe nea cre emper feu cat Naum ino at es descrip. 13, Tune familia est ad Bethlehem vent et déserpta et. 1, Postquam Joana rita es ess ministertum inp. "5 Brptr em, hominem mal aio aterm putes aah 1, Rogan ced nose ine lp, sbddimu = Drills 1. ‘Third declension nouns: masculine ad ferinine. entity the hey give all posites, anslae change the number and ‘rose 16, Maria « ig miter, ab hominbue incl dt fa homisi ——& deprciings—k._voluntitum "ese ego tin Ase pare glen pus Snap E Releprrum E Gatime ma " ee tc die proiasi ebeouos —f Wcnbos 6 sede 58. Boa De ending, Deum rum Ded 2 eb Bic invocivine et mais i gina a 32. Bapeismate annie Jaci pees bert sunt. 235, Pmo Det Testimentp genus Jodacur eect est ‘Enver femen mun a4. Heb 1H. Thind declension nouns: never Henly the cave veal pos ‘Mbiites tranaate change the number and translate 44. baptisms ¢. generbus corpora @ fume ‘Dominé per aquam sed vestigio rt sunti 38 unirsg ‘Aurum gladique, minera popul, rg jam data eran, Postquam Paulus Romani scrip, ssipulus Paulo ‘enum pare pote. Hie (this) est fests Rex Jdaednum. Me sav, 97 eecceapee sunt fs cael MU 6, adapted ‘ur press aman of peace, prayed for the Christian sa pres ‘According 9 fb, fsus ithe king of gloxy and the Piet Hamas btn. fobn stood by when the Romane gave dhe boy of Jesus co Stceher ary Uwe call upon the name ofthe Fether, he always receives ur earnest prayer Althoush the boy, the son of the king, was beng trained Bythe priest be diner sdhere oo mush Yo ehe ‘hnmandnents of Gos Unit 15 ‘Some masculine and feminine nouns of ee thir declension belong toa subgroup ead tem nouns ‘These nouns hove sim for the seaive plural encng ether have stems ‘pats Pope egy ama ‘oar prtaylab [have an equal number of slabs} inthe ‘nominative and genitive singular. “These nouns willbe indicated in the vocabulary lets by the addition ofthe genitive plural, che ane difeing form: pani, pani, paniunn, ‘bread’ par pati, param, pat! hich end into consonant, ep pati, bu thls no the case te edo es oter sem: mat 80. Third Declension Nouns: Neuter i-Stems ‘Asinall number ofmevternouns ofthe tin declension are members ofthe item subgoup. Like mescaline ad ferinine seme they Jbave lum inthe genitive paral, they also have instead of] inthe ablauive singala apd ia nthe nominative and secutive pl ‘al insead ofa Most newter tates have nominatves in “at oral ‘These neuter nas wil likewise be indicated in the vocabulary Iies a8 stem nouns by the aditon ofthe genitive psa: mare, saris mariem, nse”rao UNIT 15 81, Partitive Genitive The ehitfve case may be usd to indicate the whole after a word de sting par Petrus nalts dseipulieam in templum dist. ‘Peter led many ofthe disciples fo the temple 82, Dative with Certain Adjectives “Thesdtive aise may depend on an adjective mesning ‘nea to/ it fon pleasing to, dear ofthe ike [Nostrun scrum exit Ded gitum? ‘Wil our serfce be pleasing fo God” 83, Predicate Accusative English as construction called the objective complementin which 2 noun or adjective is wed v0 complete the meaning of « noun or pronoun we named him president ofthe club Latin has a similar ‘oage called the predicate accusative after such verbs a faeo and babes. See Secuon 75) ‘Christus Jess trum apestfum fet ‘Christ rus nan Peter hs spore? Frieder chr tay 84. Cognate Accusative [An accusative related in meaning tothe verb which govems it i led a copnate accusative, "To dream a dream’ oro ran ace’ {strates es constructon in English Vitam bonam vist. He lived good life bith the adton ofthe aeciv, eis if sentence amounts (0.8 transformation of bene wxithe lived well” Vocabulary ar Vocabulary ‘mandaco, mandicie, man- ‘dict manda ext ecto, ection, f, reading mens, mentis, mseatiumy td ateaton {imakea sound ‘mors, mortismoniam {ison asonice tasonus,— “dene resound as parti, param, f pat, person, persone, pet: ‘ome on personits pro- restr, resamtctigns, him, resoued sng again, esuretion| fambo,amboais,m. lectern, aa, slain sly health, ‘amo ‘vation cantor, cantor, m. singer, car, coris,cordnm,n, (ai. ‘anton ‘ing, corde) heat ‘rao, erwin. Hood ‘mare, mad, matiam,n, sc0 tions wos ptm oa ou dato ad = lector, eetes,. reader, ace | ing, stable, apt iector ‘homsnus um human proxi, sm nearest Tr dat sider: ncigibor otis, posts, poste. salva a aim ae, sed bors ond sanguin, sanguin. blood rat |prep. + abl before in Ti gnecall reference on camparson ith im consequence of racer prep. + 2s excep ‘even past * satis inde noun. eta areas {cit pace se. South che sulteney Vocabulary Notes “Ambo lctera is derived from the Greek. ‘Crur specficallymeans blood ast ows from a wound. CE. En: ish gore’ The more general sanguin “blood the one more often ‘sed of Jesus and dhe shedding o Blood.faa UNIT is Partices is a compound of pars pat’ and capi take (Unie 6. Teeter “eader’ and leet “eating” ate formed from lego read” (nie. ‘esurectio ‘rising again’ is taken from resugo (Unit 13. [Note that alas has hrc important interrelated meanings sfey, health, salvation. Salvus + facere means ‘make safe, Le, save esas popula sa- ‘yum fit ‘esas has saved the people” ‘Depending on the usige, sais may fanceon a a noun, an aee- tive, or an adverb: habeus eats ib "we have enough fod, plnes samt satis ‘the Toaves are enough, Deum sacs audios? ‘do we Praise God enough?" Desivatver: tarts entist send sonic hoor Postis st ehepost, pos no bila Senguis sanguine, sangtoi, sang finis iia nal, ie Dartleeps —pariipaat falgb—aliginous ‘niqitas iniquity laxpeas largesse eu —_leetlon, lesson mine mental’ ‘mors mortal pas paral Salts ——‘Eutary salute oor ‘cond mone marine, mantime Preximus proximate, appraximaton falvus Salvage, salvo, salver rae —_prelecton, peer, pater pretematurl fats Susy stsacton Drills 1 Aaicional cird declension nouns, including Items. Ientlfy ‘he case give all posibilies translate, change the number and 4, Exercises 135 a ambénis { mentum. salibue Bh pine leesént 1 inguitas tae © postiue A cords, m. enorem 4g: i mans mores finds. mat, cali Prediate scant, & ‘ t ‘irum principem facunt, Jesim egem vocimus Peerum son hebemo année Pols electus ext papa 1 MU Jominun atm ps De a rane > en utr loca cn ‘Se Fame oe et is afar these eh annem ‘eck em ‘esr fae at fer vot ions deen rs oem Apart ante tages ecm eat Spa an or ec te etc in sais eg gene ome ‘Hebraei, quorum corda erant apta ad Domini k ‘een gues em , Fags ee Ch in Beall Frage nds Man San Mac Iaudimus, quia Miter Dei est. ses a 10, Nis meaty corpus mandciverits et biberls meu ‘tapuirem, in fegmum seit non inet 1, Senule ulin poss Heber vis, sb ota on 12, Propter Cho victim mors sla lets hymns 3 Turbastis pinishabuérunct Nis sais mandociverini, ars popu ini ficient14 0. 2». x unir 15 vig un sn Chg ee reget tech cae, Cee a i fc eo eae soe ere gn ra a pei fie : Ea os nent cape porar el Epona eats Fidget undo vv audimus Pte, qu Barer i a abies Ca scan outa nso nm ecm oli ‘Dorms ments aos ad super ier ri coeneiatenctin at eed Wee fl ens Joh only Son he ate ne See ee oat mown tat Gol chose ae anc ufc pleningto he Presa of the Jews all God the King of Kings? Unit 16 85. Third Declension Adjectives “While some atecives use che endings ofthe frst nd second declen- sions othets ute the endings ofthe third declension only Th sec fond type has thes classes, depending on whether the nominative Singular has one, two, oF thee teparate form, “Thi dclensioa adjectives are declined like stem nouns: inthe ablative singular ll three gender ave in the genitive plual al ‘thre genders hevesamy, in the notninatincand accuse lal che 4. Three Endings in the Nominative Singular Since third decten- ‘on nouns have sve related seta of endinge—e neuter and ton neuter (ce, mascaline/feminine|—it ts surprising to ind tha a small umber of third declension adjectives have added third end ing in one case, the masculine nminatve singular The stern fot these adectives is found by dropping these ending from the fo tine nominetivesngelar All hee nosninative forme wil be leed inthe vocabulary. Acer, des dere sharp, biter, arden’ base: der Mase. Fee, Newer Mase. Feo, Neutar Nom. deer ers de ferts eres ela Gen” eis Seis seam feria Ds ea Sea seibas serbas Acc dere derem ere dees, pe AbL den ae det detbus Serbas _}. Two Endings i the Nominative Singular Adjectives with two _ Pominatve singular forme, 2 matculine/feminine and net.136 UNIT 16 Uses ofthe Present Active Participle 137 SECOND CONTUGATION: moné-+ ms = monéns ‘warning’ ‘uma comiucaTion, dice +-as = daceas ‘Tesding Tate ice} at tis decent ‘eapiear ‘taking! nominative forms ate lst i the vocabulary. The stem is derived ‘by dtopping the icon from the masculine eminine nominative singulat ‘omals,omne every ll base: om Mase/Fem. Neuter Mase./Pem. Neuter pais ‘apie +--+ -is = capientis Nom. minis ome” omnes ommnin rouRTH contteaTion: audie- + ons = audidas “hering” Gen. omnis omale——ounfum omnia odie +cat + is = andienti, Bat) oma omnt——omnibur | omnibur _ ~~ _ ‘Acc, omnem ome = omues mala Ses aT ‘AS Gaunt ome nibue—ommnibue ee eee (ee eal sie tefore the paricipal sutixes, 2. The ablative gular coding of the present active One Ending in the Nominative Singular Adjectives with one he alan sagas cig of te formin the nominative ingula foal Cree geadets ate std in the ‘ocabolary with the gente singular form. The base of there ace ‘ives is derived by droping the ending is rom the genitive singulae. fet (gn. felicia “happy blessed ase: fl 87. Uses of the Present Active Paticiple AUBIN, MIBIN. Present active parciples are sein three was: Nom eine fees tia) : Gen felcke | Adjectival "These participles may modify nouns. Just asin En Dat tele face \ gah, they may ether come wrth the noun or follow ist off By ‘Acc, felleem [M/E flox|N] flies [M/BI, elieia(S) [Semin Fr exacpla, in English he seraggling rit end ‘he ar Ait ater Sebo ‘iu srugling to succed, tae both segular use ofthe pastcple asadiecuve, 86, Present Active Participles Partcples may be viewed a verbal adjectives [se Section a0.) cf 65} Though ie fom verb, dey may modify a noun. For example, {nthe expreelonsglowing coal tnd “nome grown tomatoes’ DW Inga’ grown, derive rom verbs are wed an ajetives Present ot tive participle a Latin ae declined ike third declension adjectives bone ending. These patciples are formed by ang tothe present ‘tem fs yeh the sulfone toform the nominative singular, ada to form the bie ofthe parteipe, dus base ae aed the endings tf the third decleniee. (Climans vir as audus est “The shooting an was heard by Jesus” Vig, cima, a 658 suites es. “Tena, bowing, was beard by Jesus” ‘Note: “This second ustration may be wanslated with an En lish reaive clause, since such «comseructon has ad Fectival force. Thus, ‘The man] who was showing) ‘was head by Jesus” Any present participle when cans ited asa claus, is given tense contemporancous daasr conrucaion’ with de main verb.“yas unter 16 1, Adverbial These participles may be used to take the place of ‘vatlous adverbial therfore, subordinate) clause of ie, ese ot ‘tenon, ahd purpose jee Section 43), Vig, clamans amen 4 Jess nom aud ext, “The man altough he was showing, nevertheless was not heard bytes ‘Notes: 1. The example Isa presen patcple luring ie te ar an adverbial clause of concession hee tame Jn the cle othe conceaive des, o. Asusual when the present parcpleistuanslatedas | 2 clause, Is given tense which is contempors: ‘eos with the main ve, € Ablotve Absolute Present patcipls, swells pefeceparsive participles, may be used In the ablacve absolute construction fce Erclon Petro in donsues intrante, Pacis esti ‘With Peter entering ‘When Peter catered he house, Paul remained behind” Peted in downuenintrante, Paulos reat. ‘Mth Petr entecing = "When Peter enters the house, Pal remals behind’ [Note again chat the presen participle denotes an aetion con temporancous withthe main ver {88 Fourth Declension Nouns: Masculine (or Feminine) "Nouns ofthe fourth declension have. inthe genitive singular ‘Masculine or feminine) nouns have a in the nominative singular ‘Their endings, singular and paral are the following Fourth Declension Nouns: Neuter 129, Ba at Shue Ac am ote a Sus ‘Notes: + The nominative and accusative singulararthe same ss thar ofthe second declension masculine 2. The dive and ablative plural are the same as those ofthe third declension ss, 05m. ‘cnemony, rit’ base te Nom. sts the site] asthe site!) Gen Hae ofthe nite) ‘tuum ofthe nite!) Dat Heal (to therice) dbus (for/to dhe sites) Acc tum (these) sts [the ites) ‘AbL ta [om/witvin/oy bas tom with/in/by ‘her y whe meee) 89, Fourth Declension Nouns: Neuter [Neuter nous of ths fourth delenslon haven the nominative and accusative singola inthe dative singular, ani aa in the nomi ‘alive and actsative plural, end, gems nee base: ge Nom. gent ne knee emus [he knees) Gen. gents [ofthe knee! emu (of the knees} Dat! Fenn o/o he ce) Seb no he ‘Acc. gent he knee? sen the knees) ASL Fa oon within ern th! telnet 7 Sinby telacest30 UNIT 16 Vocabulary gee, ft, fu pierce, ee ruc, rucitigere, cru is, eacli fect, Heer, Bex, exas ‘end, ow sentdeco, genafectee, ‘entexs generat bend Ficiknes emufec, kee! sn eg ens i Crean, cong reg soarseas breaiein tery fund, fandee, fd, fosus Pour ‘infundo, confunders, cba “adh confosarcontound, foakuse, put to shame ‘efundo, eMundere, ea, ‘ants pou ou, shod snl snfando, funders, nest, tnfabus pour, infuse refundo, rendre, refod, teforts pour back eto, bay back sande scare, scan, c8n- fun cimb, mont icend,sscendre ascend, ‘ecenans go up, come UP, descendo, descends, - Scent descensus go Eien cone downs descend cali cas, cop chalee Eve, cru, eruls frost passio,passonisfsufering aston selvieds, suas cha, Prschatisn. Passover, "eaath, sch, Easter potes, tte 8. drink Spits, spiris, m. breath ‘nena, comms, hor, gens, gens, 2. bce feb igen, fees happy, ‘lessed ‘menor ge, memoris) mind of gen) ‘omnipoténs (gen, omnipoten- ‘isl all-powerful munis me every all ‘aschilis parchale of Ester, "eschal alot, salatre seving of ‘slvaton simi, simile [+ dat ike, ‘ir ) Slang dase (+ dat) ta prep. + ac | within, ‘mong nine od con) “wherefore, and derefore Vocabulary 132 Vocabulary Notes TIinsome anciers texts the ve gmtect is wrtten a two words In that event ge is tobe construed athe direct oblet of Bec. {dhe pasive ice conlundo means be sshaned of and takes the seca cn Thi i inne the Geek mile we, whic tay take an accusative, as asthe active vce does Petrus Pel Snfundebtar Tete wan ashamed of Pal Bese ferns fr ‘coming down rt or ging up’ heave, sce endo ae also tse og oor comming fom’ the big ey ou high round! or gsting im rou of bout ‘Note the eis isan abstrict noun formed from the base ofthe adjective ers (Cait 7) + the noun-making eis dss The ‘tly Chistiane dose this ward for love to avoid the unwanted onnotntion ataching fo ths such ar see. ‘Pasch,Paschts, and Pacha Paschae [Unie] re identi! ‘morigi and meaning These words are heterosis, words dey ‘clin base whiet use the endings of ewo diferent dclensions ‘Note hat mani feminine noun. To remember thi reel hat dexter ‘righthand (Unit 13) feminine: deters manus) Most other noa-aeuter words ofthe fourth declension sre masculine _Memor takes the genitive cas. In gener, words meaning org ‘ting or remember’ tke this ase, ‘Omnipotens is a compound of two tht declension adjective, ‘omais ad ponsiUait 2 ‘Note dha satan sas civ ull onthe noun sls, slats, | (Unie 5). The sulle men "pecaning tor ___ Sis sod dsianls ar two more sees whch tke the | sate eave ce Sesion ta asasionly the gente occu) | Derivatives: Lar news 8 ‘etre Breton cruciigo crucifix euefixon ea. ede es itango angie, acer, faction ‘undo fusion, fesble funds efuive ‘nfinds fan, vefundo ref, fuse femdofeansion ‘scendd ascension, ascendant, acendentescenany descendent, “ondeseiaon coat eos, savy potable waar tolteface anal mainsin Cormac comer, comet, senuine fetus rremorble fom dtp, omnibus, ‘edge Oma” sslvery Sine Seri, acrimonious fears Drills 1 Thin declension adjectives. Mentify the ease ofeach phase, veanslane, change the ber. ‘A. omnis, omne ‘every all" fromnis home 6. omnés pipae 2 minis omnis 7 angele ort 5, omnem leone & omnium apostol6ram 4 omnibus bapesmatbus 9, emai Misa om eccesse 10. ema mandaea 3B. dcr, ars, cre ‘iter! servas deer 4 se ditcono 2: regina ens 5 doaum sere 3. Bevis epiae . fet (gem, fics hay’ 1 fei Hamlae 4: felix tera 2 fame flies ssecalaflicla 5 ict deepoloe Exercises 155 Present ativepaticipls, Translate, ideatify each paricile & {Servos cfsum paribot Pld venient in domum. ‘ = é Paulus vost num hominum ex ecesia venient, Exercises 1. ln ine Pats et Fie Spits Sines. Améa, 2 esque rus et pen 5. 3 Rerum plots mine hema 4 Comps vestrum templum est Spits Sines, qu in poBe aoc est quem baht, enon vest, apps apo iu dmum apace i I i 4 i i e 7. Domi stem aba mar, Petri Bier ss stem ele oe, eam. 2 fetes guile stmt aio &. Exit onl pop en hi ambolntemet Biodanton Bebe Acti. ' Dipl etm cllgtr conics es pepo aig Ls to. Glo oe Fo Spel inetd TE deg inane pdt gis opt is "ort Pine es bd rn." hi el nova eden ta meb angel Si ee 1, Gti rds en eit anginem eo md ih 1 Netw ecm a0 pum fund scence Senta sere men ae 1s, eli piety spe bins Demon, aaa aae ace staeine panda iemiete134 ». a. unr 16 Peeuas tare gee ort ope cane Paschlls ge memores vidoes eu ‘mlserleoria ne sm echtatem Det Pare {Pez vi som in corn rantem po maiban eit is hom mandice ts. Mo. Jeter stem nina i ano Del. Wir i ‘teas or digits omnes et nobis oe sedi ‘omnis, et nds (tous sis is yalingtu in efnicold, um eae 10, cum spostolis pinens Per omnia secu saeeulbom, [Although al had extn, neverteles the ‘When ue hve ceded tothe Fete Js il be ised ole nen nora the ieee his cross and resurecon fess has saved the world Taking te ick man by the had, use where Re ebve teva adnan > ‘Min foals, we rae the ety ofthe living 90. The Irregular Verb volo ‘wish’ All Six Indicative Tenses since vedi assgned toa conjugation according to the form of i SebSod mncipal pana glance at ce presen iniive of vod, rele, sea ria acy, be willing’ shows that itis regular: vl nts Fone of the present indiatve canaot be synthesized fom hecho ofits precent infinitive, the forms most be observed and ‘memorized ‘PRESENT INDICATIVE 1 vla (twist} volumes (we wish) 2 vet you wid) ‘us 700 wish 3 Mate (heer wishee) volume they wish’) “te imperoot ond future indeatvevenses are fomed at if fom a TSI is coufezation verb withthe infntve “voters, Once this TBS he forms ae easly peneated, Thus, che imperfect indi tive wolébam,volebas, ety she fore indicative: volam, woes ole ot [See Secsons 39 and <7) no lefeceaive spe vol is encirely regular: the perfect, pte et eae prec are formed in the regula way from the Blupertt edprincipl pare. hos the pric: volo, voluist, Bem ot MMapetee voluerimy,voluers, ete che futurepsict: ‘oluer, volueis, 91. The Irregular Verb e6 ‘go's All Six Indicative Tenses “Although at fn lance the presen infinitive of, 1 (i eas nee cto luce among fourth conjugation verbs is ines Baie ihe presen ndcaive most be observed and memorized136 UNIT 7 PRESENT INDICATIVE 2 eb(teo) fins (e 2 ietyaugo? Ie (you g) 3 He Uheree/e goes) fume (bey go ‘Note: ‘Themonoslabicfoumstsandi¢ when uncompounded, are ate, other vert, such as ambulo (Unit 5) nd vado {Unie 24) supply sobsctues fr these two forms, The imperfect indicative is formes from she tem very rarely ‘Thos them tha, hat, ete |Compare the lormation in regular four conjugation verb-—audigham, andiehis, ete where -& i always ‘ded othe presen stem. The futur indicative also uses this stem sib) bot employs ee future sutix bi, ike a fist er second conga: ‘on rer IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ‘bam we were going’ ‘adi (ou were guine) ‘han (hey were going} 1 tham (1 wes ging) 3 hae 'you wore gins] 5) that (hel she/ i wat song 5 [Twill go} ‘bianas we wil >" 2 thieyou wall ot this you wil 2 3) thie he/sheic wil go") shun (hey wil go) Like any ver, e6 has a regula pevlect ative system, Eihes frm of the third principal pare—fviorii—yields the perfect plupertct, and ftre-petfect tenses accordance with the ules. When the shorter tem ls used, the second petson forms ofthe peifect ae contracted ised > ists > 1st, 92. Accusative of Place tolinto Which “The scusatve cate is wed with che prepositions adorn to express ‘motion toward or ino a place. The prepeisionsnay be omitted with dom “hose or with the names of i es Locative Case 357 Rt veniunt ad doen. Mk i, 20 “And they comet the house Petes intron) domum. ‘Peter entered (3) the house?” ntroeas ‘gp within, enter Peteus ota) Room Wierosolyman). ‘Peter went 0 Romeo ferssalem| (Roma Rémg, Rome! Hrsaym, ieroslymae, 9 Ablative of Place Where ‘The ablative cas bused withthe preposition nto cxpess the place in which something happens. " ‘Apostol in cndculdconvencrast. "The apostles he! come together in the upper room’ 94. Ablative of Place from Which/out of Which ‘The ablative casei used with the propositions 8b, ab) and ¢ fx) te express motion sway from or out of pace Paulus vent & Rimd (ob Hieroslymis) ‘Paul came from Rome frm ers” Pear vente # ramp. eter came out ofthe expla? 95, Locative Case The concept of place where, when applied to big ites, may be ex presod by the loctve ease. Nouns ofthe fst nd second declen- Elst ase an ending which is identical with the genie singular, Nouns occurring cay inthe plural use an ending whichis denicl with the ablative paral Récaae, ‘aeRome’ Epes. ‘Ac Epesus’ [Rphesws, pest. Ephesus}238 unt x7 Vocabulary 139 Athens. ‘neath! tes sbi, ube jail, frets fats. i (hehe Athensra, Athens! clei nate nce Hierosolymis, | eanseo cine, est supplex (ge, supplies} Ferusalem, (transi), cransitus ‘supplant (em ea iriehy vera gan, vt ot ———— fenawey esa ba [/ Noss: Wien the iniesinblenoun ertalem occurs, he prep um: acceptabili,accepabile sition always expressed: a ersfem neues’ | dear (assum) adese ‘sclepable neers FE ‘ny beproce exec oven pen ot SE sear fot eetoens valli pts Vocabulary Sete ah ‘eva sn, nate, nani voto vlu—"vens, tail visi ans nan nas apc “rah bwin sank Sota sonnuion ama Rae, Rone Jerusalem tne: inde anes anon cE oct [psn lace “nn a, era, Some vermtMirars sre ‘rola, sa Hoe lacs: plc, cts zc dicctons, Cine Sty us plan, recone Iie Ii pre cremate 2, is, tis, f. gowine g¢ (adv) as far as, all retype, prs por psi pein gone pe ‘the way. ‘lees puny purge ‘adit, admire, admis, ‘disso jun, ai low, peemit smiscu send al ose mit, emiter, est, tines send ut sem remites em, oe eH, eas ‘thes abi, abi bi, abuso away, Leave deo, aie, at (ad, tenderness, ity remiss emission forgiveness remision selon, elles f eath ventas aavenes, ‘Coming, advent aque 24+ ace) event, Aner, incr, ntesi ine “ipo, all he way 00 ‘est inertus pena de Into, inte, itor ine se gr wian, ‘eo, obte, obi fbi ‘bicas g to meet; de pete, pete, pert! pei, pertes pest, de be lest petranseo, pertansiv, per ‘tinal petra), eee ttanstas goal above go ‘Vocabulary Notes “When adeno mens ‘allow, pera’ takes an object nfniive [Anes say ndieat either aentional or acidenal action, ‘send of oF tose” he preunt patiple of 6 is eas (gen, ents), The m in ek cameo maybe droped cree, ert cient teni, ireuitas. NOR Ghae ome compounds of ed—intered, bed, predate em loved tuphemistely to can ie! The din prodeo sod reed i Preise, re, inverted to make the words easier to oxy, Besides reas cade’ re may als mean lisa’ in the sense of "0 9 UP from under (CE smi, Unit rel rode, ibis peed Iprodtlpeoditan go forth sede rete, red rei, ‘eit go back, acum140 UNIT 17 AS the infinitive shows, prbaum uses an epentheticald when the un begins with vowel: pres, rode, ec The present participle of volo isvleas (gen, voles. Vol6 mey take a direct objece or an obec indnive: Vene panemt ‘De Joo ‘ant the brea” Volo meum iim vidi. I wih to see my som ‘Vee ‘lis the antonyan of new ‘eta testamentum “old testament "Note tht the Latin for Jerusalem falls into cree classes: ine- slinable noun, fist declension noun, and send declension ple ‘oun, The concep of place to which often ses the accusative of the ‘ot declension frm! Mierosalymam place where uses either the locative of the second declension putal form, Heresy, oF ‘the preposition withthe indeclinae fom, i Jersalem. Deva Placo. vie sdmitd volo ie tiger Ses ‘ise fae one “pcp pal nei om ee noun ‘atintius) ' ‘in Masi mile simi, amine 2 ex, circa nla ini, lia pei, ea volton vel Tera loon lc, locomotive Salers, El avador prediction TEs Ca tudatony ety pty the ies ‘sian Frc suet clement indesene Episcopalian Enercises rar Drills 1 ‘The iregala ver volo "wish 1. Volo cum dscipuls mes Patch facere Vie Parca facee! Paulos ve dora Pets venice, Volurou panem, aba vinum, ‘Vali letdnem sudie? Apostlivolunt Paulum relinguere DDidcoma episcopum vider volebat. ‘oletsedSconusepscopum vere? ‘Populus jacerdotem stum complerevltba (vltbent) (Qué aé mare vente voli? The regula verb eb g0 1. Bad mete Ptrem, 2 abled tempo? 3. Pees ac apostolés init 2 Imus dome 5. basin Galilean & Vid ex ecleis exeunt 4. Ibant Hisroslymam, ti Crain mart elo doa ie Exercises 1 ogi we ms aos an sbi » Son ern fie rm tow Scrap rim mente ae Forces ert cups re ca Bren, “shea WS ram ren eur Pee > ease ses ee em Soeteioee ants ++ Rano ciate 1 hegre theoPt 4 Di 16. w, « w. unin i7 peceetrum nostérum, 6 omtibus hominibus tans ee. «in Salvin nina mundum in emsionem [scektorum,vlunttem Pune mentee (0 isto cantar! Pater sorter sen Fil dnigenim ‘Cred in Qnum Deum, Patem omnigotensem, ‘cco (maker) eae et ere, vib ermnium inva “ lit ar vlumos ad Dominum petits soepebhcedicm ae ‘Rats Domino Maron sonic Quod miter rl autem volence inven populum, nba permisérunt i el vga ov, a mer nue, prémunt ‘albus etdenabs in com Pes i cult Calica ot popula mgozbst. Fetes ‘eile leroalymar, ai da apostle Se more ct Sel ser tg wide i ocum ‘Serpe ein ibd vets testameatl primo quoniam ‘Sahin an et ele Alas Socesfre trance spol i Chil Roma ‘nos eptcopilem ocean habia Wa gd voor em fein 8 Nosterpin cts logy ters bcos et Nes brat ete ate Sebel ema pir rin i. ete an oe ene i Some alee ‘Apostle Sn, tale haben snd peeita ‘ote tldbae bs Fess sue leant sxendeeot in empl Ssin els iene Ace re hye gene (pean contami Exercises 143 2. aul wishes to go tthe temple and announce the Lo Jess tha he he So of ‘he tord 2 AE Athen, was ot panied for Paulo goin tthe eon 4. Pl although he wae confounding the chief ofthe priests {aierasalem, wished to go away ahd announce the ning oe oro pea ae “UnitW8 96, Future Active Partciple - ides che present active andthe gv pase, Latin as fare ‘Pare of born vlc To form te furre active patil si Firms the sla between the base of the pvt patie pa Tipe andthe ending to arn, teats 1-20 montres 2-am Tor ar dimen 2 © th apace’ teases sudtaay em tothe main ste the parler sine beac tht tem yy bua witteeen ncing ‘Serta ch inensng pai abo teed ines they ‘are active in form and meaning, these ariciles may take a direct Soc oa Dem utp Coty uae ene cig wear yes Tee en en ee) ee lode pee 97. Future Passive Participle “To form the futacepasiv pstcple, add -adus,-da,ndam to the ‘Stem ofthe present infinite, #3eem verbs will ave “ie- Ted +d: 8 fone a: encom ak daca son sore + at pens om SUC Se: tetas Nowe dat all tom vvee te stot ees Tes partes Mey te pac sou ob ving be Peniphrastic Conjugations x45, tue passive partciples often convey the added notion of duty, ro ‘riety, or necessiy~an action which “ha o be done show Be one’ 98. Periphrastic Conjugations Wile the future active and passive prtispes are verbal ajecives and may be used as such, they are most offen fined with te vero ‘sum to form compound tenses which ae the rammatica equate lente ofthe regulir tenses. These compound tenses tt called po Dhiastics. Asin ll compound tenses, theebdings are rsrsted to ‘the nominative 45 amy ata since they aways elt back to the subject, whether is expemed o implied 1. ActivePeriphrastic ‘The ative periphtstic conjugation is com ‘Pounded of che fwure active participle in the nominative cate and um in Ue egute tenve Present: laultérus sua, ‘Tam going to praise’ Inmperfect:Iauldaras eram. ‘Twas intending to pase? Ploperece: tanitarus fueram. “Thad been sbou pels.’ ‘Note tha the partkiple determines only the voce ofthe compound vet form; the form of suum determines the person mesa ee mnitmoed 1. Passive Periphuastic The passive perighrastic conjugation is composed ofthe ure passive parecipe in the nominative cate sd sum in the required rense Present: audlemfus est. ‘he shaving (o be hese whe must be hear Fore: audienda eet. ‘she will hve tobe hea Note, agin thatthe form of he patcple determines only the voce. (Cre should fe tken to dssnguich these perphratien fromthe thee regular compound tenses: egy audit sunt “hey were heard) have been heard but anda sunt ‘they are about to esr’ audiond) sunt they should/must/oupht to be herd ete146 UNIT 18 199. Dative of Personal Agency with Passive Periphrastics Since the dative i the case ofthe interested party, passive perphras tee quite logiealy te cis ease co indicate the ome on whom the Dblgntion or necessity ofthe akon ret this alled the dative of personal agency Praimes populd cantandes et ‘Asal is having o be chanted by the people “A paaln must be chanted by the people” ul rf audiendus ert ‘Paul wat having to be heard by dhe hing? ‘aul had robe head bythe king” Note: The dative of personal agency is ocasionally found even with the regular compound tenscs, In imitation of the Greek practice ‘with psfect or pupestest passives nil digs morte aetum et ef Tid sa, 15 nothing worthy of eat has toen dane by hi.” 100, Review of Participles “Theoteleally, since thee are «wo volees and three tenses Latin Should have tit participles But in practice i lacks two, «present passive and a prfoct active Trticles, wen sod ax adjeciven, expan slutive ey iy they indicate atime relative to that ofthe sction ofthe main vet, "The prevent pustcple expresses «time simeltancous with that of the iain vez the pefot, either a time por eo or simultaneous swith dat ofthe mln verb since the peree is bo the past simple Sl he presen perfec], andthe future, + ae subsequent to that of the main verb Present: laudan gen, lwdants) None Testeg Perfect: None endaas,-,-um (hv ng been rated Pore: lawataras am, Indenda, "a, -m (bav- Vator toyaise’“in- “ingeobeprised| fending to praise’ Vocabulary 147 {atin makes up br shee missing parciplee by inverting the voi ‘or by using 2 fnke ver For example, the active dea, ‘having seen theapostl maycasily be inverted ad ths expressed postolO visd “ae apostl havi been seen’ or tay be expressed in an aerial clause bya finite verb introduced by 4 subordnating confection: postquam apestoum vii after he had ecen the spol Vocabulary ‘paz, bapeise, bapirit, extendo, extendere, extend, opiate scree, bape ‘cxtentan exten] evangelize, evangelinee Steech oe rangelicivy eangelizses intend, intendere, intend, breach the Gomel intents tenes! aim da, cede, cess, cess (at lok a tatenly ‘yield contende ostendere,ovtend, Secedo, aceden, acces, ‘ostents lostensus) sow ‘sccetous go approach expla concedd,conceier cone fale ‘ces, comeesas Yield, nterici,interticee, inter fect inieatecus do way with ll etic, perce, perfec, ict do coupltey, cover, eas, lec be eno Besuftctene used, watch over recede racédere recess, vei reteous go bls dept ‘erento, a, dander, daa, evveiaeaive an ut ce subvenis, sobvente, sabe dere, cone ‘ent subrentas dat] as, conan sp, ome open, able, come Snclude nip" tendo, tender, trend, emtas—_superveni,sapervenre, Teeeussrech extend Supervent superventasaq8 UNIT 18 come upon overtake Ingman, hamanii, fPdeeP cde up arive humanity clementia,clementag, te Tei la, Torah ery clemency alte ail statu, ‘evi evi) Lewtae, ‘ie Sescom, Leite ‘ent, -um kindly eds, eae. Lake sidan, sa aly sapienia,spienie, ade) daily “vison fdevocs, a “am devout, Covad fescava am feral sex, seis m. Hock {ndeteiens en, ndfciens sor, pst, shepherd; naling anor circum prep. + ac ard, anya, ani, (pastel) Sg NP * Tenowleds, at Ine ai) rom there ‘rom then fing Up, steenion Vocabulary Notes “he # in baptzd and evangelio is ae lever in Latin, occuring ‘only in words borrowed from Greek. Since it asthe re of 0 ‘ontonants fe Section te, Note 4) the in these words cas the ‘receding o get the accent: bapis,evangliz, When evangelio (akes a drece object, tanslate ‘annouace te ood news of “The baie meaning of std ie'ea po, when Se aeane ld ‘give in ti takes the dative. All ts many compounds expand | the des oft go, with the exception of comceds yield rent” "When the preposition ob (Uni ss) 1s used ssp, means ‘out infront of astenda isa compound of tend and abs a y-frm of ob) with the b dropped: stretch’ (something ‘out roto oomcone| Iheneg, ‘show explain’ Consequently, ostendé may tke a direct and sn indioct oboe "Note thatthe noun elements is but rom che base of clemens (gen, elements (Unie 17] the cbstract-noun-making sf, i ‘Teoebrae occu only in he pra eanaate inthe sangular dark ness, gloom: ‘ex, grees, m. ‘Dock’ is Uhe source of the denominative verb rego (Unie "Ascenso is frmed irom the perfect passive pateeipe of ascendo (aie xe): acens- + i (te Diills 149 Homnitas sche abstract noun made rom the adjective himanns (Unie 5} hams + “as (th) ‘Alte isthe nevtr ofan aecive used substantively, i ute mately derived ftom the simpler adjective alae [Uni 9) The noua festum (Unit 3) Is the adwecive feos used as cubstanive, “The adjective Incticens sa yos-lsscal coinage from the pes ent participle of dels [Unie 6) The prefix ine ere the Insep ‘ble particle meaning without, not evangelisn oa ands iodo etfs lls seeds bees sspienia corre lee cin evangelize, evangelization cole acer, cmos, precede, ‘Hotel proraonal cede clause, claus, conclusive ‘ondludon ‘crenata onentauous eet Fle, sufiient ustodan, custody subvention| sapence [epa loyal legitimate leilator benign amor suotdan ‘treumetaon, ccumstance, ‘revmooton 1 Form the force active and passive participles of each ve sana 1.6, dae, dl, dares 2 deed dls, dev, deerus150 unir 18 4 guscpi,suscper,suscip,suscepeus ino, ie, ate fia fas & extol, exollere extall — Periphrastie eoniugatons 1 Christus cum slorié ventra et. } Didconus prima ictdnem lees fuera. 4 rim lee didcond legend ent um serv riscendum et as apostliseallge ret. Exercises + Quicumaue fic légem secundum Patri voluntitem ad ‘Etemam paniam pervetarus es in rem cacloram. 2. Rit Incepo,devou! conveatunt circum festum are ‘Bonin, re hoenacas facets, 3. Non wen olvere gem auePophétis, non vet solver, Sedadimplee Met 4 Pater Denigns hima panem coudanum semper dt. 5 Rost eed sscenidnom apostoli Galileseasterant, ‘spiclents in cae 6, Prima leone let Ena Evite evn ca Sear ieniretenouier onsale » ERS cnn Ca np er ubique laudandse sane > eet mec on | SLRs esto ee, ‘erm area + Ueda ao easeieesarmen! " dicebant quod interficiendus erat. rm tae Loc it pops Exercises 251 4. Baits autem fs, cfestim (+ stati] ascend aqui Meili ee 15 Mis icept,saccrd6 doth: Into ad alte De 56, Joumes apna dt qumi js apie Beguine, pecs ou a 28, Tine ace, munibusextéasi, di drsgoem, 49, Eerepitins sim ambulantem dit "Bete egnos Dei” inte : sem 20, Crédimma in Spetum Sinceum, Domina et ‘iifcanem, qu ex Pere Fuiogue ese. 25, Conpus Cane! enstodit mg me’ invita aetemar, 22, Perle suem bonum, na invents 25, Inde angeus Doman access esta ptr inagls esis conc Ors nae 4, eee nin evargeisd vibe 9 you gaium magnum, gual oma popul. Braaglam secant Sar 25. Ego um Alpha et Omega, dict Damious Deus, qui ft etqul caer qu vedi ost Oninipotne Ret 26, Beil qu ambulant in lege Dosti, + Paul wll lave wo be seen by Fete, ho is bout oan at Rome. Bet whe ia 2. Theflck must be pared by the good she © Roe My poe, Avia ched oh, was eater hasta + Je gid Bathe cnt bdo be bee bythe 5: sce be ws ging rita Book bow the 6. Ta devu: wile he dass of he word putt ight Uy the lng igh of wid a emceeUnit19 101. Fifth Declension Nouns [Nous ofthe th declension have ein he genitive singular. With few exceptions, this isa feminine declension. The endings, singular ‘sol plural are dhe fllowing Gen um Dat he Ac ems a os ‘Notes: 1, ach ending Begins with the letter 2 The alternate genitive and dative singular endings {re used when the base of the now ends in vowel fice dtm Ada? es ret thing’ Base Nom. és ike thing’) snes ‘the things’) ‘erum of che things!) en. eto the eng) & t ch ‘ebue (fon to te tinge) Shae Saeco Mi Rpg ey Direct Commands or Requests) (x: Imperative Mood 153 102, Digect Commands for Requests) Amperative Mood ta “The thitd kind ofsentence the direct command or request ee See ‘on 71 is expressed by the imperative mood. The tent of an imper save Is present ts lors ae resticted to the second person. ‘4. Present Imperative Active: All our Conjugations "The seconi- soa singular pesene imperative active is dentical with the pss ft stem. The pla is formed by adding, the eter vowel of tind enjugation vers shifts fom -eto-F belore te. 2 laud prise” laude! ‘praise 2 mone! ‘wien!” monte! var” 2 Mee! ‘Teal!’ dct! ead!” 2 eapel‘tae!” capita ake! 2 sult ‘heat’ dite! oar” ‘There is ¢little-used future tense in the: moe | So ieee sea oe, a | “Ease eens the lara maybe replaced by afuture form entote Ineer event there isle ference in meaning, 4 Theimperatives of ego are Fad ite isnot ured unles compounded: ex aay ee 5 Them aze no imperatives of val wish’ or possum ‘eae ', Presantimpertve Passive: A Four Gonjugtions Te sc ud person presen peat pase ene wih ho sec. Person preset incatve paste in both munber inthe sng, {he ahonerendingonly Ged se me154 UNIT 19 2 laudare! be praise!” —laudamint be praised” 3 monte ‘be warned!” —-monemint be warned! 3 Gere! eed teint be le" 3 exper! ‘be taken!” api! be een!” 2 SMe! behead” dint be heard” ‘Notes: x The singular form is oplled ike the present infini= 2. Context will help to distinguish these passive i pecaives from infiuives and indicative forms. 103. Vocative Case ‘Dect adress fof «peson, plac, or dhing] is conveyed by the vooa- tive case. Both nous and adjectives have vocaives. All forms, both Singular and plural, ae identical with the nominative, except for Second declension masculine nouns inthe sngula, where the end Inge 0 bona master! good mother” Ofetiets rgest 0 bapry kings” (care apostoe! 0 beloved spose ‘The major exceptions ae these: 1. Second declension nouns in us drop the us ending and iSphenshe tt deen ie Scoted decleesion noune in i of-er we the noinative cae ‘The votive of meus uni either mews or ml Deus and agnus use the nominative case, ‘The vocatie of Jess is Jest ‘es, fi tris 0 fsa, son ofthe Father ‘Magister mit '© my master!” Deus mens! 0 ny God!" ‘Aguus Det! ‘Lamb of Godt Personal Pronouns 155 104, Personal Pronouns Latin has pronouns of the fet and second petens co empress the speaker andl the penn adreoed: Besa these fore ae eal they must be early observed and memonsed, The nominaives anc ulways emphatic the ve ending sed indiates the a son incon 4 First-Person Proxoan om. exit 0 {wet cen, met fofame) ett) fas Dat, mili (fert0 me' f Acc. melimel 2 Ime om wichin/oy [ "Notes". The pepostion cum is appended tothe ablative smecum with me ndbacam "with ws" | 2 Nostts used forthe objective genitive see Section 75) Dat dled most ‘God's love of nostra is ‘Sa rte pare ie Seton 8a me 1, Second-Person Pronoats Nom af you! 0s (you) nt fot you) et | oto Dat eb (orto you) obi foro you Ace telyou 900) ‘ABL te [Homiwih/in/by bis iom/with/in/by re "outs6 UNITI9 [fas Rag oa again me wk “ pended to the ablative forms: team ‘with you'y Teh “ ST A mpm a alte se rae “nye you’ Nove toe oth forme Reve" ll Seed | 105. Double Accusative ‘sal ues ee eninge Sects he ag cons peri Brangliam Sct Fe denon ant tac the Bors she Gospel” docs doce dost, Scen ec on teach’ take a double raaative of he pean. Vocabulary can feeunda de inde fescpan 4 Plauen, quem ego dab, car mea esr mud wit. 5: H Domine wiacum, RE cum spire ws, 4 Sorsumeorsa Habermas sd Borne 6, Cirins no, fst i atere vunrins est et effdit Snguinen se 7. Benedicta diner mulless, Lk. ga 8. Agutbus cistdientis ws bene agi. Acts x, 29. 9. TW eds in Flum hominis fa. 35 20. Hfundents preets norris, seriy us Adley rsam safocem neat © dulcis fsa Yost es 1 Jstus ex de vver Galil 13 Wold atem vis sir quod cme vr capue Chnsts ex, aes gem male, capa eb bur} Che Beas 1: Reins imani um ate are Mtv. 34 + Lays autem el rt” quod moi all epee 45. Ghai lima ul edn, © Domine: vx docust 16, Dist toh’ mali: Domine, vided qua propa ewinws SDS ie Gk ee don ai t,t mene by he Nene voip S| . ”