UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

Answer Guideline for Chapter 3 Tutorial

Q1.
(i) Consider voltage source E1,
15 || 10 = 6,
9 || 6 = 3.6,
42
IT =
= 1.94 A
18 + 3.6
Using current divider,
9
9
I1 =
I T = ( 1.94 ) = 1.17 A
9+6
15
15
15
I '=
I1 = ( 1.17 ) = 0.7A
15 +10
25
(ii) Consider voltage source E2,
9 || 18 = 6 ,
24
IT =
= 2A
6+6

1 5 || 10 = 6 ,

U sing current divider,

15
15
I ''=
IT =
( 2 ) = 1 .2 A
15 + 10
25
I 10 = I ' + I ' ' = 0 . 7 + 1 . 2 = 1 . 9 A

Q2.
(i) Consider current source 2A,
2A

5
6

2A

+ v01
12

io 5
+ v01
5

Page 1 of 8

6||3 = 2 , 4||12 = 3
i0 = 5/5 = 1, v01 = 5 i01 = 5 V
(ii) Consider voltage source 12V,
6

12V

6
+

+ v02

12

12V

+ v02
3

v1

3||8 = 24/11, v1 = [(24/11)/(6 + 24/11)]12 = 16/5

v02 = (5/8) v1 = (5/8)(16/5) = 2 V
(iii) Consider current source 2A,
5
6

+ v03
12
3

19V

+ v03

v2

12

+
19V

7||12 = (84/19) , v2 = [(84/19)/(4 + 84/19)]19 = 9.975 V

v03 = (-5/7) v2 = -7.125 V
vo = v01 + v02 + v03 = 5 + 2 7.125 = -125 mV
Q3.
Using source transformations,
2

18 V

12 V

10 V

10

Page 2 of 8

2A

10

3A

5
2A
3A

3.333

3.333

10 V
b
+

Norton Equivalent Circuit

Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

Q4.

To find RTh,

a
6
6
2

2
6
b
(a)

a
18

1.8

a
2

2
18

1.8

18

b
(b)

RT

1.8

(c)

R = 2||18 = 1.8 , RTh = (1.8 + 1.8) || 1.8 = 1.2

Page 3 of 8

To get VTh, apply mesh analysis,

2
a
6

12V

i3

12V

+
+

VTh

6
2

i1

i2

12V
b

(d)
Mesh1:

Mesh2:

Mesh3:

-12 12 + 14i1 6i2 6i3 = 0,

7 i1 3 i2 3i3 = 12

(1)

12 + 12 + 14 i2 6 i1 6 i3 = 0
-3 i1 + 7 i2 3 i3 = -12

(2)

14 i3 6 i1 6 i2 = 0
-3 i1 3 i2 + 7 i3 = 0

(3)

7 3 3 i 1 12
3 7 3 i = 12

3 3 7 i 3 0
7
= 3
3

3
7
3

3
3 = 100
7

7 12
3
2 = 3 12 3 = 120
3
0
7

i2 = /2 = -120/100 = -1.2 A
VTh = 12 + 2i2 = 9.6 V, and IN = VTh/RTh = 8 A

Page 4 of 8

Q5.
To find RTh,

24V

4
V1

RTh

2A

VTh
c

(a)

(b)

RTh = 5||(2 + 3 + 4) = 3.21

To get VTh, at the node V1,
V 1 24
V 1 0
2
=0

234
5
V Th = V 1= 15 V

Q6.
To obtain RN,
6

6
Isc = IN

2A
1

(a)

+
12V

(b)

RN = 6 + 4 = 10
To obtain IN, use mesh analysis:
Mesh1:
i1 = 2 A
Mesh2:
10i2 4i1 + 12 = 0
IN = i2 = -0.4 A
i
IN = 0.4A

RN = 10

5
4A

(c)

i = [10/(10 + 5)] (4 0.4) = 2.4 A

Page 5 of 8

Q7.
4

12V

+
+

RTh

8V

VTh
20V

(a)

(b)

(a)

To obtain RTh and VTh

RTh = 2 + 4 + 6 = 12
i(12)-VTh + 12 + 8 + 20 = 0, or VTh = 40 V(because i = 0)

(b)

iL = VTh/(RTh + R) = 40/(12 + 8) = 2A

(c)

For maximum power transfer,

RL = RTh = 12

(d)

P = VTh2/(4RTh) = (40)2/(4x12) = 33.33 W.

(a)

For maximum power transfer, RL = RTh

To determine RTh,
RTh = 4 || 4 = 2 ohms
RL = RTh = 2 ohms

(b)

To determine VTh, through Superposition,

(i)
Consider voltage source 24V,

Q8.

V Th ' = 24

4 4

= 12V

(ii) Consider current source 5A,

V Th ''= IR T = 5 4 4 = 10V

V Th= V Th '

Th ''=

22 V

V 2Th
22 V 2
P=
=
= 60 .5W
4R Th 4 2

Page 6 of 8

Q9.

(a)

3

32 V

RTh

VTh

RL

12 V
b
Source transformation: v = 8(4) = 32 V
Mesh: 8 i 32 12 = 0

i = 5 .5 A

For VTh (Outer loop from b to a): VTh = 0 + 32 5(5.5) = 4.5 V or

(inner loop from b to a): VTh = 0 12 + 3(5.5) = 4.5 V
For RTh: RTh = (1+4) // 3 = 1.875

4. 5
i = R VR = 1. 875
15 = 0 . 267
Th

Th

(b)

ia

iL1

Turn off V source:

1
8A
4

15

iL2

(8 ) = 4.267 A
4 + [1 + (3 // 15 )]
3
=
(i a ) = 0.711 A
3 + 15

Turn off I source:

ia =
i L1

12
= 1 .778 A
3 + [(1 + 4 ) // 15 ]
5
=
( ib ) = 0 .444 A
5 + 15

ib =

15
12 V

iL2

ib

i = i i
L

(c)

= 0 . 267 A

(i)

R L = RTh = 1. 875

(ii)

P max =

2
V Th
= 2.7 W
4RTh

VTh

RTh
RL

Page 7 of 8

Q10. (i)

For 10 V source:
V 01 =

10 = 2 . 22 V
5 2
4 4

For 2 A source:
V 02 =

2 5 = 2 . 22 V
5 2
4 4

For 5 V source:
2
5
V 03=
= 0. 55 V
5 2
4 4 2

V = V V V = 3. 89 V
0

(ii)

01

03

03

For node V 1 :
V 1 10
V 1 V 2

2
=0
5
2
7V1 5V 2= 40

For node V 2 :
V 2 V 1 V 2 0 V 2 5
=0
2
4
4
2V1 4V 2 = 5

Using Cramers rule:

185
V 1=
= 10 . 28
18
115
V 2=
= 6 . 39
18
V 0 = V 1 V 2= 3. 89 V

Page 8 of 8