-
"!
& :$




2Bac PC+SVT :

$ Fonctions logarithmiques $

10:







 / /0
 .+,-
) u' ( x


4+523 

+,1
 .+,-


& / /0


2

) u (x

 / /0!

 .+,-

+5 7 6$  ."!!

4+5
89



89


) x ln u ( x

+5 6$
!: . . a

?> 

 =4 <+ /
 .@A3


8 +C-






 / /0&D 
+,1
5 EF / /0 +& C 

x

4+5 .+95  EF ) G8,H5 /- ( 10 = a
 / /07- 
"!!
?.7L
 / /0!
 E & 6$ 
.

 

 $ & "
 & = 0
 5 AS

 OL 0
 AFP F  &D 
+,1

+84 









Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr


 .+,-
!

 .+,-
7 $
<+

89




!: . a

 .+95
!

!: . a

-1-

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Aguelmous

2Bac PC+SVT :

10:




$
$ Fonctions logarithmiques

-

 

$ &
: "!

Fonction logarithme nprien


 
-(I

]0 , +[ 1 6$
2 E,8 ]0 , +[ 1 6$
A x



x

. 1 =4
5- 
F
2 
E,8

. 1 =4
5- =] 0 , +[ 1 6$ x



2" = 

+,- .

x
. ln :O +D 7 O +

 
. ]0 , +[ 1 = ln
> 
+5
$1

ln 1 = 0

1
x ]0 , +[ , ( ln x ) = :-
 ] 0 , +[ 1 6$ 8V
DS ln



x
. a ,b ]0 , +[ ,a < b ln a < ln b : . ]0 , +[ 1 6$ 5HS

O ln



. ln x < 0 0 < x < 1

. a ,b ]0 , +[ , ln a = ln b a = b

ln x > 0 x > 1
ln x = 0 x = 1


:
> 
+5
$1
F

. h : x ln ln x

g:x

( x 1 ) ln x

f :x

x
ln x

:
 5 =4 EF

x +1
ln 2
=0
x +1

ln ( x 1 ) ln ( 3 x + 1 ) = 0

ln 2 x = ln x 2 + 1

:
& + =4 EF

x 1
ln 2
0
x +1

ln ( x 1 ) < ln ( 2 x 1 )

ln ( 3 x + 2 ) < 0

 "!
##$! %

ln ( ab ) = ln a + ln b :-
 ]0 , +[ 1 / b a E0

(

. k ZF x > 0 ,u ( x ) = kx x > 0 , F ( x ) = ln ( kx ) : XY

:-
 ] 0 , +[ 1 E$ 8V
DS F x > 0 , F ( x ) = ln u ( x ) : -


x > 0 , F ( x ) = ln (u ( x ) ) u ( x ) =

1
x

. ln k = c x = 1 E / c / F ( x ) = ln x + c
. ln ( kx ) = ln x + ln k G-
. ln ( ab ) = ln a + ln b :\4 k = b x = a :-5[

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2Bac PC+SVT :

10:




-

 

$ &
: "!

$
$ Fonctions logarithmiques

)*+
i =n

i =n

i =1

i =1

.5HS
,
88F
$ an ... a 2 a1 ZF ln ai = ln ( a i ) : X+D /,
!"
:-
 / r E0 ]0 , +[ 1 / b a E0
a
ln = ln a ln b -(2
b
1
ln a = ln a -(4
2

1
ln = ln a -(1
a

( )

ln a r = r ln a -(3

(
1
1
1

. ln = ln a G- a > 0 ,0 = ln 1 = ln a = ln a + ln :-
 -(1

a

. + / b a E0 ln = ln a = ln a + ln = ln a ln b :-
 -(2

b
b
b

n
ln a = n ln a :6$ EA& a1 = a 2 = .... = an = a : r = n -(3
1

1
= ln a n = n ln a n = r ln a : r = n 
n
a
p
a > 0 , ln a r = r ln a a > ,q ln a r = ln a qr = ln a p = p ln a : r = 
q
a > 0 , ln a r = ln

)*+
ln x 2 = 2 ln x

ln = ln x ln y ln ( xy ) = ln x + ln y :\4 xy > 0

y
. ln n x = ln x :-
 / n E0 ] 0 , +[ 1 / x E0

1
n


. A = ln 2 2 + ln 2 + 2 :
5 bD

B = ln

2 1

ln ( x + 3 ) 2 :
&+ .c

2009

+ ln

2 +1

2009

ln ( x + 3 ) = 2 :
5 =4 EF



 
# -(II
. ]0 , +[ 1 = ln
> 
+5
$1
 - . -(1
!"
ln x
=0
x + x

lim

lim ln x =

x 0 +

lim ln x = +

x +

)*+
. lim ln x = lim ln
x 0

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

Aguelmous

x 0

-3-

1
= lim ln x = : -

x +
x

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :

10:




$
$ Fonctions logarithmiques

-

 

$ &
: "!
ln 
0
 1 0 -(2

1
x > 0 , ( ln ) ( x ) = > 0 : -
 ] 0 , +[ 1 6$ 8V
DS ln


x

x
( ln ) ( x )

+
+
0

ln x

ln 
0
5 6 7
.+
 9
-(3
. ln
 
6-&- $ 8 d & "lim+ ln x = :-


x 0

ln x
= 0 lim ln x = +

x +
x
e 0
-(4
]0 , +[ 1 6$ 5HS

O 
A ln



+ 1D E24" & G1 1 $+4 E,8 ln 6-&- lim

x +

. ln ( ]0 , +[ ) = lim ln x , lim ln x = ] , +[ :
x +
x 0

. e +&D G O + ]0 , +[ 1= 4 
F VF E,8 ln x = 1

5\ 4 1 ] , +[  D

. e 2.718 e ln e = 1 : -

. x > 0 , k , ln x = k x = e k x > 0 , k , ln ( e k ) = k

x > 0 , k , ln x k x e k

ln 
0
5 6  -(5
. y = x 1 : = 1 7A4
= H8-= 4 ln
 
6-&- 
5

+

1
e

. y = x : = e 7A4
= H8-= 4 ln
 
6-&- 
5

y

y =

1
x
e
y=lnx

y = x 1

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

Aguelmous

-4-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :

10:




-

 

$ &
: "!

$
$ Fonctions logarithmiques

f ( x ) = x ln x := D
4+5

5 

f /0

01/+

. D f
&
-$ 7- dF .c D f
F -(1

f
 
+f -(2
. f
 
6-&-
g7V +L -(3
.C-
5 .5 =4 f
 
6-&- h9 -(4
 "- . -(III
!"
lim

ln ( 1 + x )

x 0

=1

lim

x 1

ln x
=0
x + x n

n , lim

ln x
=1
x 1

n , lim+ x n ln x = 0

lim x ln x = 0

x 0 +

x 0

(
1
ln
ln t
x
1
. lim+ x ln x = lim+ x ln = lim+ = tlim
+ t
1
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
x
ln x
. lim
= ln ( 1 ) = 1
x 1 x 1
ln ( 1 + x )
. lim
= ln ( 1 ) = 1
x 0
x
1
1
. n , lim+ x n ln x = lim+ x n ln x n = lim+ t ln t = 0
x 0
x

0
n
n t 0
ln x n 1
ln x 1
ln t
. n , xlim
=
lim
= lim
=0

n
n
+ x
n x + x n t + t

. xlim
+
+

. xlim
+
+

( ln x )







:
 7- dF
3

( ln x )

2
3

lim+ x ( ln x )

x 0

2
3

lim+ x ln x

x 0

lim+ 2 + ln x
x 0 x

x +1

lim x ln
x +

lim x ln 1 +
x +
x

lim x ( ln x )

x +

02=7
n +1
:= D
4+5( u n )n 1

5 
+,5
n
. (u n )n 1
D i-! u n +1 u n dF -
. u 2 u 1 dF - -(1

. u n = ln

s n = u 1 + u 2 + u 3 + ... + u n : XY -(2

. nlim
s n i-! .c n

D s n dF
+
+

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

Aguelmous

-5-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :

10:




$
$ Fonctions logarithmiques

-

 

$ &
: "!

La drive logarithmique dune fonction .

0

7 @ ?
7
-(III
@
. I 1 6$
5-  I 1 6$ 8V
DS
 u /0
\4 I 6$
5-  u  D . I 6$
A
 u I 1 6$ 8V
DS u :-

. I 1 6$ P jL-D kL& u
. f ( x ) = ln ( u ( x ) ) : XY
:\4 I 1 6$ 5HS
, u l

u ( I ) ]0 , +[ I 6$ 8V
DS u  D . x I , f ( x ) = ln u ( x ) :-

x I , f ( x ) = ln (u ( x ) ) u ( x ) =

u(x )
:-
 ] 0 , +[ 1 6$ 8V
DS ln
u (x )

:\4 I 1 6$ 5HS

,! u l

u ( I ) ]0 , +[ I 6$ 8V
DS u  D . x I , f ( x ) = ln ( u ( x ) ) :-

x I , f ( x ) = ln ( u ( x ) ) u ( x ) =

u(x )
:-
 ] 0 , +[ 1 6$ 8V
DS ln
u (x )

!"
x ln ( u ( x ) )
\ 
4 I 1 6$
5-  I 1 6$ 8V
DS
 u l
.x

u(x )
:
 = 
I 6$
89 7 I 6$ 8V
DS
u (x )



:
= & 4 I 1 / x E0 f ( x )
F
. I = ] , +[ f ( x ) = ln ( x 2 + x + 1 ) -(1
. I = ]e , +[
f ( x ) = ln 1 ln x
-(2

. I 1 6$
5-  I 1 6$ 8V
DS
 u /0
I 1 6$ u



89 6 x

u(x )
:


u (x )

!"
. I 1 6$
5-  I 1 6$ 8V
DS
 u /0

(c ) ZF

x ln u ( x ) + c : = 
I 1 6$ x

u(x )
:


2"

u (x )


1
1

, 2 1 6$ x 2 x + 1


2"


. (c ) x ln cos x + c = 
, 1 6$ x tan x


2"


2 2

(c ) x

1
ln 2 x + 1 + c := 

2

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

Aguelmous

-6-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :

10:




$
$ Fonctions logarithmiques

-

 

$ &
: "!

03=7
x2
:= D ]2 , +[ 1 6$
4+5 f

5 

+,5
4 x
b
c
x ]2 , +[ , f ( x ) = a +
+
:Z&D c b a
88&
$"
F -(1
2 x 2 +x
. ]2 , +[ 1 6$ f


2" 
i-! -(2

.f (x ) =

04=7
:
= & 4 I 1 6$ f


2"

F
. I = ] , +[

I = ]0 ,1 [

x3
x4 +1
1
f (x ) =
x ln x
f (x ) =

-(1
-(2

05=7
. f ( x ) = x + ln ( ln x ) : = D
4+5 x =88& +f

5 

f /0
. D f = ]1 , +[  f
> 
+5 OF l,c -(1
. f
 
+f i-! .c f ( x ) dF -(2
. f
 
6-&-
g7V +L -(3
.C-
5 .5 =4 f
 
6-&- h9 -(4
06=7
:= D /4+5 x =88& +f f u /
5 / 
+,5
. f ( x ) = ln ( x 2 2 x + 3 ) u ( x ) = x 2 2 x + 3
D f = ] , +[ : i-! x ,u ( x ) > 0 : /D --(1

. u ( 1 2 ) u ( 1 + 2 ) : dF -

. xlim f ( x ) xlim
f ( x ) : /7- dF -(2
+

. f
 
+f .c f ( x) dF -(3
. f
 
6-&- Ec " &x = 1 "
5 .8 /D -(4
. x * ,

f(x)
=2
x

ln ( x
x

3
2
:
  l,c --(5

) + ln 1 x + x
x

. f
 
6-&- /g7V /$+L -
. 7- E= c
F
F .c H5= H8 E,8 f
 
6-&- /D --(6
..C-
5 .5 =4 f
 
6-&- .! -
. I = [1 , +[ 1 6$ f
 
AS g /0 -(7
.q

& . J 1 & I 1 / ED8 g
 
/D -
. J / x E0 x

D g 1 ( x ) +,5
F -
( ln 3 1.1 ln 2 0.7 : r< )

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

Aguelmous

-7-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :

10:




-

 

$ &
: "!

$
$ Fonctions logarithmiques

:( a 1 a > 0 )[* a #Z

 

-(V
-(1
1
5 L3  5HS , 88F
$ a /0
]0 , +[ 6$
4+5 Log a O +D 7 O + =

5 = 

a !: .


Fonction logarithme de base a

ln x
:= D
ln a

Log a ( x ) =

 -(2
Log a (e ) =

1
ln a

Log a ( a ) = 1

Log a ( 1 ) = 0

. ln = Log e G- x > 0 , Log e ( x ) =

ln x
= ln x
ln e

!"
:-
 / r E0 ]0 , +[ 1 / y x E0
1
Log a
x

= Log a x -(2

( )

Log a x r = rLog a x -(4

Log a ( xy ) = Log a ( x ) + Log a ( y

) -(1

x
Log a = Log a ( x ) Log a ( y
y

) -(3


:=  bD
B = Log 1
3

( 3)

1
A = Log 2
5

+ Log 2 ( 10 )

a #Z
 

# -(3
ln x
x > 0 , ( Log a ) ( x ) =
ln a

= x ln a : -
 ] 0 , +[ 1 6$ 8V

DS Log a


: / /
1 i- G-

a > 1
F
x

( Log a ) ( x )
Log a ( x )

+
+

0 < a < 1
F
x

( Log a ) ( x )
Log a ( x )

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

Aguelmous

+
1

-8-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :

10:




$
$ Fonctions logarithmiques

-

 

$ &
: "!
Log a 
0
5 6  @-(4

0 < a < 1
F

a > 1
F

y = Log 2 ( x )

1
1

y = Log 1 ( x )
2

Fonction logarithme dcimal


 
@-(VI


Log 10 $ log O +D 7 O + 10 !: . = 

+95 .


. x ]0 , +[ , log ( x ) =

r , log 10

)=r

ln x
:-

ln 10

 

log ( 10 ) = 1

log ( 1 ) = 0

ZF log x = M ln x :-



. A = log ( 250000 ) + log 250 + log ( 125 ) : bD
07=7
M 0.43294481...

x + ln x
,x >0

. f ( x ) = x ln x
:= D
4+5 x =88& +f

5 

f /0
f (0 ) = 1

.!
-
1- xlim f ( x ) dF .c D f = [0 , +[ /D --(1
+

./ 6$ +LA= 4
A f
 
/D -
.!
-
1- .c / 6$ +LA= 4 f
 
8
DS - -(2
. x ]0 , +[ , f ( x ) =

2 ( 1 ln x )

( x ln x )

: /D -

. f
 
+f 
b$ -
1

. ,1 1 6= - 7A4

H8 =4 E24" & XH8 (C f ) /D - -(4
2
.( ln 2 0.7 ,e 2.7 r<  )..C-
5 .5 =4 (C f ) .! -

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

Aguelmous

-9-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr