SUB-QUERIES INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:

1) WHAT IS THE SUBQUERY?

A) A select statement with in another select statement is called a sub-query.
-----> The dependent query is called a main query and other is called sub-query.
Example:
Select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal<(select avg(sal) from emp);
2) WHAT IS THE CORRELATED SUBQUERY?
A) The sub-query refers to any column in the parent statement it becomes a
correlated sub-query.
3) What is inline Views?
A) An inline view is a sub-query with an alias that you can use with in a Sql
statement.
---------> An inline view is not a schema object.
Example:
Select rownum as rank,name,sal from (select name,sal from emp order by sal desc)
where rownum<=3;

===========CORRELATED SUBQUERY EXECUTION

PROCESS=================
subquery
----> comparison
inline view ----> select stmt
-----------------------------------------select ename,sal,deptno from emp outer where sal > (select avg(sal) from emp
where deptno=outer.deptno);
--------------------------------------------Above query answer is find below:
ENAME SAL
DEPTNO
ALLEN 160030
JONES 297520
BLAKE 285030
SCOTT
300020
KING 500010
FORD 300020
----------------------------------------------------------------EMP(OUTER) TABLE:
----------------------------------------------------------------EMPNO
JOB
MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM
DEPTNO(candidate row)
7369
CLERK
7902
12/17/1980 800
20 ----> disqualified row
800 > 2175
7499
SALESMAN 7698 2/20/1981 1600 300 30 -----> qualified row 1600 >
1566.6
7521
SALESMAN 7698 2/22/1981 1250 500 30
7566
MANAGER 7839 4/2/1981
2975
20 -----> qualified row 2975 >
2175
7654
SALESMAN 7698 9/28/1981 1250 1400 30
7698
MANAGER 7839 5/1/1981
2850
30 -----> qualified row 2850 >
1566.6
7782
MANAGER 7839 6/9/1981
2450
10
7788
ANALYST
756612/9/1982 3000
20 -----> qualified row 3000 >
2175
7839
PRESIDENT
11/17/1981
5000
10 -----> qualified
row 5000 > 2916.6
7844
SALESMAN 7698
9/8/1981
1500 0
30
7876
CLERK
7788
1/12/1983 1100
20
7900
CLERK
7698
12/3/1981 950
30
7902
ANALYST
7566
12/3/1981 3000
20 -----> qualified row
3000 > 2175
7934
CLERK
7782 1/23/1982 1300
10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BELOW SUBQUERY ANSWER:
select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=10; ---> 2916.66666666667;
select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=20; ---> 2175;
select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=30; ---> 1566.66666666667

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CORRELATED SUBQUERY EXECUTION PROCESS:

1) get candidate row from outer query. ---->20
2) execute innerquery using candidate row value. ---->2175
3) values from inner query to qualify or disqualiy candidate row -----> here we are
comparing sal column of candidate row 20.
--> (this structure will repeate unitil end of the last row)

=========SUBQUERIES===========
-- SUBQUERY
-- CORRELATED SUBQUERY
-- SINGLE COLUMN SINGLE ROW SUBQUERY --->MAIN QUERY CHECKING FOR
SINGLE COLUMN AND SUBQUERY RETURNS A SINGLE ROW
-- SINGLE COLUMN
MULTIPLE ROWS.

MULTIROW SUBQUERY ---> SUBQUERY RETURNS A

-- MULTI COLUMN SINGLEROW SUBQUERY -->MAIN QUERY CHECKING FOR

MULTIPLE COLUMNS AND SUBQUERY RETURNS A SINGLE ROW.
-- MULTI COLUMN MULTIROW SUBQUERY -->SUBQUERY RETURNS A MULTIPLE
ROWS.
------------------------------------------------------------------------- SINGLE COLUMN SINGLEROW SUBQUERY EXAMPLE:
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=(SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE
LOC='CHICAGO');
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL=(SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP);
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL=(SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE SAL <
(SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP));
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- SINGLE COLUMN MULTIROW SUBQUERY EXAMPLE:
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN (SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE LOC
IN ('CHICAGO','NEW YORK'));
SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE LOC IN ('CHICAGO','NEW YORK');
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- MULTI COLUMN SINGLEROW SUBQUERY EXAMPLE:
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE (DEPTNO,JOB)=(SELECT DEPTNO,JOB FROM EMP
WHERE ENAME='TURNER'); --> PAIRWISE
OR
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=(SELECT DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE
ENAME='TURNER')
AND
JOB=(SELECT JOB FROM EMP WHERE ENAME='TURNER'); --> NON PAIRWISE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- MULTI COLUMN MULTIROW EXAMPLE:
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE (DEPTNO,JOB) IN (SELECT DEPTNO,JOB FROM EMP
WHERE ENAME IN ('TURNER','SMITH')); -->PAIRWISE.

OR
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN (SELECT DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE
ENAME IN ('TURNER','SMITH'))
AND
JOB IN (SELECT JOB FROM EMP WHERE ENAME IN ('TURNER','SMITH')); -->NON
PAIRWISE.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------EXAMPLE OF SUBQUERY:
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL = (SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP);
EXAMPLE OF CORRELATED SUBQUERY:
SELECT * FROM EMP M WHERE SAL=(SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP S WHERE
S.DEPTNO=M.DEPTNO);
EMPNO
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL COMMDEPTNO
7698 BLAKEMANAGER 7839 5/1/1981
2850
30
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 12/9/1982 3000
20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 11/17/1981 5000
10
7902 FORD ANALYST
7566 12/3/1981 3000
20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SELECT * FROM EMP;
EMPNO
ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL COMMDEPTNO
7369 SMITH CLERK 790212/17/1980 800
20
7499 ALLENSALESMAN 7698 2/20/1981 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 2/22/1981 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER
78394/2/1981
2975
20
7654 MARTIN
SALESMAN 7698 9/28/1981 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKEMANAGER
78395/1/1981
2850
30
7782 CLARK
MANAGER
78396/9/1981
2450
10
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
756612/9/1982 3000
20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 11/17/1981 5000
10
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN 7698 9/8/1981
1500 0
30
7876 ADAMS
CLERK 77881/12/1983 1100
20
7900 JAMES CLERK 769812/3/1981 950
30
7902 FORD ANALYST
756612/3/1981 3000
20
7934 MILLER
CLERK 77821/23/1982 1300
10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INLINE VIEWS: IF THE TABLE NAME IS REPLACE BY A SELECT STATEMENT THEN IT
IS CALLED AS THE INLINE VIEWS.
SYNTAX: SELECT ......FROM (SELECT .......FROM (SELECT .........FROM ));
EXAMPLE 1: SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,DNO FROM (SELECT
EMPNO,ENAME,SAL,DEPTNO AS DNO FROM EMP) WHERE DNO=20;
EXAMPLE 2: SELECT * FROM (SELECT ROWNUM AS R1,EMPNO,ENAME,SAL,DEPTNO
FROM EMP) WHERE R1=5;
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EXISTS/NOTEXISTS OPERATOR EXAMPLES:
-- SELECT * FROM EMP OUTER WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
MGR=OUTER.EMPNO);
-- SELECT * FROM EMP OUTER WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE
MGR=OUTER.EMPNO);
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CORRELATED INSERT AND DELETE EXAMPLE:

--ALTER TABLE EMP ADD DNAME VARCHAR2(20);

--UPDATE EMP E SET DNAME = (SELECT DNAME FROM DEPT D WHERE
E.DEPTNO=D.DEPTNO);
--DELETE FROM EMP M WHERE M.DNAME = (SELECT DNAME FROM DEPT S WHERE
S.DEPTNO=M.DEPTNO);
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------also go through below link you will get more information about subqueries:
http://oracle-database-tips.com/oracle_subquery.html