Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
MAI Lan Phng, Jean Philippe PEEMANS, NGUYN Mu Dng, Philippe LEBAILLY
Jean Philippe Peemans, 2007, Le rle de la modernisation dans les rapports entre imprialisme capitalisme et dveloppement ? P5-8
H.Chenery et al., Redustrubution with Growth, Oxford University Press, 1974; F. STEWARD & P. STREETEN, New Strategie for
Development: Poverty, Income Distribution and Growth, in Quarterly Journal of Economics, n3, 1976
3
Jean Philippe Peemans, 2007, Le rle de la modernisation dans les rapports entre imprialisme capitalisme et dveloppement, p13
LAPEYRE F., Objectifs du Millnaire pour le Dveloppement : outil de dveloppement oi Cheval de Troie des politiques nolibrales ?
Alternative Sud, vol.13,2006/1
Tipps D.C., "Modernization Theory and the Comparative Study of Societies: A Critical Perspective " in Black C.E., ed., Comparative
Modernization, Collier, London, 1976
6
Maier C.S., "The Politics of Productivity: Foundations of American International Economic Policy after World War II", in Kaztzenstein
P.J., ed., Between Power and Plenty : Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison ,
1978
7
Pletsch C.,"The Three Worlds, or the Division of Social Scientific Labor, circa 1950-1975,
Comparative Studies in Society and History, 23 , 1981
8
Berthoud G., Modernity and Development, The European Journal of Development Research, vol.2, n 1,1990
Rist G., "Development" as part of the Western Myth: the Western socio-cultural dimension of Development, European Journal of
Development Research,vol.2,n1,1990
10
Eisenstadt S.N., Modernization, Protest and Change, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1966
11
12
Bernstein H., " Modernization Theory and the Sociological Study of Development", Journal of Development Studies, 7 , 1971
Almond G.& Coleman J.,eds., The Politics of the Developing Areas, Princeton University Press,1960.
13
Cooper F. & Packard R., eds., International Development and the Social Sciences, Essays in the History and Politics of Knowledge,
University of California Press,1997
Kay C., Latin American Theories of Development and Under development, Routledge, London ,1989
15
ngha Chu u, M). Mng li quyn lc quc t mi pht huy mnh m vai tr ca n
nhm cng c cc hot ng v to ra s ph thuc v kinh t ln nhau gia nc pha Bc
theo mt logic v kh nng cnh tranh gia cc cc ca thnh cng 16. Nhng g chng ti
mun nhn mnh y l s lin lc ca cc d n hin i ha ca cc tng lp thng tr
Phng Ty trong s ln ngi ca mt th gii hon ton mi nh vo s thay i mnh lit
ca nn kinh t, cng ngh m i vi cc nc pha Nam cc lnh vc ny vn cn rt nhiu
hn ch.
T nhng nm 1980, ch ngha hin i ha c pht trin theo mt dng mi do nhng
thay i quan trng ca bi cnh kinh t th gii. Mt phin bn kh khn ca vic iu chnh
c gi l "s iu chnh c yu t nhn vn" vo cui nhng nm 1980, trong phin bn
ny ngi ta bt u cp n nhn t con ngi trong qu trnh hin i ha. Cui nhng
nm 1990 c s lng ghp ch ngha dn ch v s nh thu ca Chnh Ph. Cc mc tiu
Pht trin Thin nin k c xy dng trong nhng nm 2000 v n nm 2001 b sung
thm mc tiu v "cuc chin ton cu chng khng b" vo mc tiu thin nin k.
Trong nhng nm 1980 v 1990, cc lung l thuyt v pht trin tn ti khp kn trong mt
thi gian di trong s tip cn trung tm v s tng phn gia vai tr ca Nh nc v vai
tr ca th trng trong pht trin. Cc hc thuyt tn t do khng nh tnh u vit ca c
ch th trng v s can thip ca Nh nc nhm m bo s tng trng kinh t nhanh
chng v thu tm tt c cc vn ca pht trin17. Nh vy c th thy vai tr chi phi
mnh m ca th trng i vi nhng quyt nh v chnh sch ca Nh nc c th hin
r trong phin bn Tn hin i ha ton cu ny. iu ny dn n cc tng lp thng tr v
kinh t s ngy cng th hin vai tr thng tr mnh m hn so vi cc tng lp thng tr v
chnh tr, hnh chnh.
1.2.2. Quan im ch yu ca thuyt hin i ha giai on 1980 - 2010
Trong thc t, s tng trng ca cc nc pha Nam c th hin r t gia nhng nm
1980 theo logic ca s tch t cc cc thnh cng lin quan n kinh t quc t thc t nh
(n , Trung Quc, Mexico, Brazin, Chile, Malaixia, Vietnam) hoc nhng d n (c p
dng cc nc chu v Chu M Latin). Trong phn ln cc nc ny th tng lp trung
lu lin quan n cc hot ng kinh doanh quc t pht trin mnh m v c doanh thu ln.
H tin tng vo kh nng qun l c gc r vn tch ly quc gia c kt ni vi
mng li tch ly quc t v do vn v tiu dng sn phm, ngh nghip v phng
php qun l ngy cng c quc t ha18.
Hin i ha l vic thch ng mt cch nhanh nht v hiu qu nht vo mng li quc
t v iu ny ng thi dn n s ph thuc ln nhau gia cc nc pha Bc v cc nc
pha Nam. Mt phn ln gii lnh o ca cc nc pha Nam ngy cng tn thnh cc ch
tiu ca Tn t do theo mt trt t th gii mi. Cng lc khi nim v "cng ng quc
t" c ln ngi nh mt biu tng chung cho s thay th ti vai tr phn phi do h thng
16
Stopford J. & .Strange S., Rival States, rival Firms, Competition for world market shares, Cambridge University Press,1991
17
18
Lin Hip Quc m nhim t sau chin tranh th gii th hai. Mt trong nhng d n r
rng nht ca "Cng ng quc t" c ci thin v dn b p t bi Chnh ph v nn
dn ch l phng chm s tin b ca nn dn ch chnh tr khng th tch ri vi m
ca nn kinh t th trng th gii.
L thuyt v s cm quyn v dn ch c thay bi l thuyt ca cc T chc Quc t v
cc nc ti tr thng qua vin tr song phng v sau l bi cc t chc phi chnh ph
cc nc pha Bc v pha Nam cui cng tr thnh mt phn trong l lun chnh tr ca
gii tinh hoa chnh tr v x hi trong phn ln cc nc pha Nam. Cc t chc phi Chnh
ph ca cc nc pha Nam thc y cng mt lc cc tc nhn c quyn ca "x hi dn
s" v "th trng c s tham gia" chuyn sang m rng mt lot cc hot ng mi vi
nhng ha hn v u t v nhng iu kin tham gia ph hp nht theo mt l thuyt mi
vi cc hot ng nhiu hn vi nhng quy nh nghim ngt do cc nh ti tr vn a ra
di s bo v ca Ngn hng th gii. Cc chng trnh qun tr a phng kt hp cc
tng v s tham gia, sng kin a phng v s trao quyn c xy dng trc y
nhng ni khc vi s t ch ca ngi dn19.
Chng ta c th ni rng t tng Tn hin i ha ny c lan truyn ph bin trong cc
tng lp x hi m ngi ta c th gi l "gii tnh hoa". Trong mt vi trng hp, tng lp
ny t cho mnh quyn c "pht ngn", i din cho nhng i hi yu cu cao t pha
ngi dn i vi cc tng lp lnh o di danh ngha l tn trng cc quyn, nhn quyn
v p ng cc nhu cu c bn. Nhng kinh nghim lch s gn y cho thy kh nng phi
thng ca gii tinh hoa ton cu nhm ghi li nhng yu sch nhm thit lp li mt khun
kh i vi nhng yu cu ca s tch t, c bit l thng qua v s nhng chng trnh lin
quan n "i ngho" v d nh chng trnh v tn dng vi m hoc vi m doanh nghip.
L thuyt v sn xut ca hin i ha lun lun c thay i trong cc thnh phn ca cc
d n ang din ra v n ng mt vai tr quan trng trong s tin trin v lun c ng
thun cao. Vo u nhng nm 2000, cc biu hin r rng nht ca s ng thun ny
c cng b v c th hin trong "mc tiu pht trin thin nin k" (MDGs) v cc vn
bn v chin lc gim ngho (CPRGS). Ngi ta mt ln na khng nh li s chc chn
v vai tr ca Nh nc nhm t c cc mc tiu v gim ngho20.
Tuy nhin trong thc t, mt mt s t ch ca Nh nc b gim mnh v hn bao gi ht,
s t ch ny c t di s gim h ca cc tc nhn a phng. Do s ng thun
c tng cng nhm bo m an ton cho cc hot ng mang tnh ton cu ti nhng khu
vc c nhiu ri ro vi mc ngy cng tng. Mt khc Nh nc c chc nng "st nhp"
mt cch ch ng hn i ngho vo th trng. Tc gi J.Sachs khng ngi ngn khng
nh rng h nn vn minh nng nghip ca th trng cha b loi tr th khng c cch no
c th thc hin c chnh sch tng trng nhm gim s ngho i cng cc21.
19
Cornwall A. et Brock K., What do Buzzwords do for Development Policy? A critical look at participation, empowerment and poverty
reduction Third World Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 7, 2005
20
Craig D.& Porter D., Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: a new convergence, World Development, 31 (1), 2003.
21
Dower J.W.,ed., Origins of the Modern Japanese State ,Selected Writings of E.H.Norman, Pantheon Books,New York,1975;Hunter J.E.,
The Emergence of Modern Japan, Longman,London,1989
23
Bayly C.A., The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2004
25
Lin Hp Quc, Tin kp - Pht trin nng lc xa i gim ngho Vit Nam, H Ni 10.1996
Trung Tm Khoa hc X hi v Nhn vn, Nng thn trong bc qu d sang kinh t th trng, Chuyn
thng tin khoa hc x hi, H Ni 1999
27
David Craig and Doug Porter, Development beyond neoliberalism?, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, 2006
10
cng bng x hi v pht trin bn vng. CPRGS tip tc nhn mnh Gim i ngho khng
ch l mt trong nhng chnh sch x hi c bn, c Nh nc Vit Nam c bit quan tm,
m cn l mt b phn quan trng ca mc tiu pht trin, ng thi thc hin i mi,
thc y tng trng kinh t nhanh i i vi tin hnh cng tc xa i gim ngho, thc
hin cng bng x hi nhm hn ch s phn cch giu ngho gia cc tng lp dn c, gia
cc vng. c bit, chin lc ny a ra nhng mc tiu pht trin mang tnh c th ca
Vit Nam (thng gi l cc Mc tiu pht trin ca Vit Nam - VDG). y l h thng cc
ch tiu h tr cho vic thc y v nng cao cht lng thc hin cc Mc tiu MDG. Vit
Nam, cc Mc tiu MDG trong CPRGS c c th ha ph hp vi iu kin ca t
nc v c lng ghp vo cc chin lc v k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi quan trng
nht. c th thc hin c thnh cng mc tiu ca Chin lc ton din v tng trng
v xa i gim ngho, cc gii php chnh sch ngnh c c th ho t Chin lc pht
trin kinh t - x hi 10 nm, K hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi 5 nm cng nh cc chng
trnh, d n ca cc ngnh v tng trng kinh t v xa i gim ngho nh: Cc chnh sch
v pht trin nng nghip v kinh t nng thn xa i gim ngho trn din rng; pht
trin cng nghip th nhm to vic lm v nng cao i sng cho ngi ngho; pht trin
c s h tng to iu kin cho ngi ngho, x ngho, vng ngho tip cn vi cc dch
v cng; xy dng nn gio dc cng bng hn, cht lng hn cho ngi ngho; nng cao
cht lng dch v y t, k hoch ha gia nh, tng kh nng tip cn v gim gnh nng v
chi ph y t cho ngi ngho; v xy dng mt nn vn ha tin tin, m bn sc dn tc
v ci thin vic cung cp thng tin gip ngi dn m rng kh nng la chn; bo v mi
trng v duy tr mt cuc sng trong lnh cho ngi ngho.
Kt qu l, sau hn 20 nm
pht trin, xt trn gc v Tc tng trng GDP ca Vit Nam qua cc nm
tng trng kinh t, Vit
Nam c xem nh l mt
t nc t c nhiu
thnh cng trong vic chuyn
i v hi nhp. Nhn li tc
tng trng GDP ca Vit
Nam t nm 1986 cho thy:
Thi k 1976 - 1985 tc
tng trng kinh t ca Vit
Nam mc thp, bnh qun
source: GOS
hng nm ch t 2,0% trong khi tc tng dn s bnh
qun hng nm 2,4% chnh v vy mc thu nhp bnh qun u ngi gim bnh qun 0,4%
mi nm. Trong nhng nm ny nn kinh t Vit Nam tng trng thp, lm khng n v
da vo ngun lc bn ngoi ngy cng ln. Nhu cu ca ngi dn thnh th c m bo
bng ch tem phiu. nng thn, hu ht nng dn u l x vin hp tc x nng nghip,
nhu cu c bn ca h cng c bo m bng ch phn phi theo nh sut (ph thuc
trc tip vo s khu trong gia nh). V vy ch phn phi mang nng tnh bnh qun, co
bng. ng lc khng cn, cng bng x hi b vi phm nghim trng, kinh t nc ta ri vo
khng hong nng n.
11
source: GSO
28
Nguyen Duc Thnh, inh Tun Minh. Kinh t Vit Nam trong bi cnh kinh t th gii.
http://dl.ueb.vnu.edu.vn/bitstream/1247/113/2/kinh%20te%20viet%20nam%20trong%20boi%20canh%20kinh%20te%20the%20gioi.pdf
29
B K hoch v u t. 2010. "VIT NAM 2/3 CHNG NG THC HIN CC MC TIU PHT TRIN THIN NIN K, HNG TI
NM 2015" Hi tho Gii v vic thc hin cc mc tiu pht trin thin nin k MDGs. Lt 6_7/2010
12
2.2. Ci cch rung t - nhn t quan trng trong chin lc gim ngho theo trng
phi hin i ha
V l thuyt, Vit Nam s phn phi li t ai ca hp tc x da trn c s bnh qun
bng cch phn phi li t ai da trn quy m gia nh. Min Bc, sau nm 1954 thc
hin ci cch rung t vi khu hiu "ngi cy c rung", khong 1/4 din tch rung t
c phn chia li cho nng dn. Gii on sau min Bc tin hnh s hu tp th nng
nghip di hnh thc hp tc bc thp (ngi dn vn s hu rung t v t liu sn xut)
v hp tc x bc cao (nng dn gp chung t ai v t liu sn xut v chu s qun l
chung ca hp tc x). n giai on 1961 - 1979 c khong 80% h nng dn tham gia vo
hp tc x bc cao. min Nam tin hnh ci cch t ai di hnh thc qun l thu t,
quy nh v mc hn in vi khu hiu "rung t v tay ngi cy". 1,3 triu ha t nng
nghip c phn phi li cho hn 1 triu h nng dn vo nhng nm 1970. Sau khi thng
nht t nc, hnh thc tp th ha tip tc c pht trin c hai min Nam v Bc, nhng
ngc li vi s pht trin mnh m hnh thc tp th min Bc, th min Nam ch c
khong 6% s h tham gia vo hp tc x nng nghip , h s dng chung lao ng v cc
ngun lc cho sn xut nhng h t quyt nh trong vn s dng cc u vo cho sn xut
v p dng cng ngh30.
Ch th 100 ca Ban B th Trung ng ng hay cn gi l khon 100 ra i nm 1981 th
hin r t ai thuc s hu ca Nh nc v di s qun l ca HTX. Ngi nng dn
c tr thu nhp bng thc da trn sn lng sn xut v ngy cng lao ng. y c
xem nh l bc t ph trong qu trnh hng ti nn kinh t th trng. Thng 4 nm 1988
ngh quyt 10 ra i, ngi nng dn c giao t nng nghip s dng t 10 n 15 nm,
h nng dn c tha nhn nh mt n v kinh t t ch. S ra i ca lut t ai nm
1993, ngi nng dn c giao quyn s dng t ai lu di vi 5 quyn: quyn chuyn
nhng, quyn chuyn i, quyn cho thu, quyn tha k v quyn th chp. Ngi c nhu
cu c giao t s dng 20 nm vi cy hng nm v ng nghip, 50 nm vi cy lu nm.
n nm 1998 ngi nng dn c giao thm hai quyn na l quyn cho thu li v quyn
c gp vn u t kinh doanh bng t ai. Nm 2001 nhng sa i b sung cho php
ngi s dng t ai c tng t ai cho h hng bn b ca h v c n b nu b thu
hi t. Lut t ai sa i b sung c hiu lc t nm 2004, ln u tin t ai c chnh
thc xem nh l hng ha c bit, c gi tr v th c quyn chuyn nhng thng mi.
iu ny thc y s pht trin mnh m ca th trng t ai sau ny. Li ch em li t
vic t nhn ha t ai v kinh t thng qua th trng t ai th hin r nt. Mt b phn
ngi nng dn tm cch c thm c cc mnh t thng qua thu hoc mua t v do
h c th va m bo cung cp lng thc cho gia nh, mt khc li c kh nng
cung ng lng thc ra th trng. Mt s gia nh c th bn mt phn t ai khi gi cao
nhm c vn u t khoa hc k thut trn mnh t cn li. Mc khc, vic bn v mua cho
php dn cc tha nh t li vi nhau, hoc cho php thc hin s a dng ha sn xut lu
di, y l mt nhn t quan trng i vi ngi sn xut nh. Tuy nhin, song song vi vic
pht trin th trng t ai, th mt b phn nng dn khng c t cng dn c hnh
thnh c bit l vng ng bng sng Cu Long.
30
ACIAR, Pht trin nng nghip v chnh sch t ai Vit Nam, Trung tm Nghin cu nng nghip, 2007
14
Trung tm nghin cu Nng nghip quc t Australian, Pht trin nng nghip v chnh sch t ai Vit
Nam, 2007
31
15
Trong nhng nm qua, gi tr HDI ca Vit Nam lin tc c ci thin. Vit Nam nm trong
s 100 nc lun ci thin c ch s HDI trong sut thi gian t 1990 n nay, song s
tng ln ny theo xu th chung ca hu ht cc nc c nh gi. Hn na, HDI ca Vit
Nam c tng nhng tng rt chm. Theo UNDP Vit Nam c ch s HDI l 0,593 xp th 128
trong s 187 quc gia. T nm 1990 n nm 2011, HDI ca Vit Nam tng t 0,435 n
0,593, bnh qun hng nm tng khong trn 1,5%. Trn thc t ch s HDI tng cao l do s
tng trng v kinh t, t nm 1990 thu nhp bnh qun u ngi Vit nam tng ti mc
288%32. Tuy nhin theo b Setsuko Yamazakia, gim c pht trin lin hp quc gii thch
HDI che giu s bt bnh ng trong phn phi thnh tu v pht trin con ngi trn ton
b dn s. Khi HDI c iu chnh theo mc bt bnh ng th con s ny gim i 14%.
2005
0,561
2010
2011
0,590
0,593
Source: UNDP
H s GINI
Xt qu trnh bin i, trong giai on u thi k i mi, h s GINI ca Vit Nam cn
tng i thp, nhng y l kt qu mang tnh tiu cc mt thi k bao cp kh di, khong
cch bt bnh ng thp trn mt nn kinh t cn kh khn, thu nhp bnh qun chung cn t
i, kinh t cn ngho nn. H s GINI tng ng k c bit l t nm 1998 n nay, y l
kt qu tt yu i theo cng vi qu trnh pht trin kinh t.
H s GINI ca Vit Nam
http://baobacgiang.com.vn/298/82004.bgo
16
nhm ngi giu nht v nhm ngi ngho nht khu vc thnh th v khu vc nng thn
th thy con s ny l tng i cao. thnh th mc chnh lch v thu nhp gia nhm
ngi giu nht v nhm ngi ngho nht l 7,87 ln nm 2010 th nng thn con s ny
cng ln n 7,48 ln.
Bng 2: Chnh lch v thu nhp gia cc nhm dn c
Chnh lch v thu nhp bnh qun u
ngi gia thnh th v nng thn
Chnh lch v thu nhp gia nhm
ngi giu nht (nhm 5) v nhm ngi
ngho nht (nhm 1) thnh th
Chnh lch v thu nhp gia nhm
ngi giu nht (nhm 5) v nhm ngi
ngho nht (nhm 1) nng thn
1994
1995
1996
1999
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2.55
2.62
2.71
2.30
2.26
2.16
2.09
2.11
1.99
6.95
7.71
8.00
9.80
8.03
8.08
8.19
8.28
7.87
5.40
5.83
6.14
6.30
5.97
6.36
6.52
6.90
7.46
vt
Ln
Ln
2002
2.14
4.45
2004
2.07
4.46
2006
2.02
4.53
2008
2.01
4.22
2010
1.92
4.67
%
%
70.07
49.63
66.46
46.92
65.18
45.83
65.09
45.93
65.82
44.86
%
%
5.52
4.58
5.17
4.14
4.95
4.26
4.19
4.15
3.64
3.52
%
%
2.27
5.36
2.56
5.34
2.62
5.12
2.43
4.86
2.22
5.57
5.52
6.67
6.82
6.61
6.76
18
9.52
9.96
10.78
9.38
8.44
%
%
5.76
5.25
6.86
7.14
6.82
5.84
7.28
5.57
5.87
4.80
%
%
3.73
13.25
4.80
13.66
5.84
15.59
7.19
18.03
7.26
19.30
%
%
4.87
6.53
5.05
6.50
5.39
6.17
5.19
6.20
5.02
6.43
%
%
0.08
2.10
0.12
2.42
0.20
2.89
0.15
3.21
0.10
2.67
%
%
2.19
3.79
2.31
3.91
2.18
3.52
1.88
2.67
3.32
4.41
So snh gia mc thu nhp v mc chi tiu cho thy khu vc nng thn thu nhp ch m
bo cho nhng tiu dng ti thiu, khng c nhiu cho tch ly. Trong tng ch tiu ca mt
khu/thng th t trng chi tiu cho lng thc thc phm, cht t lun cao hn so vi chi
tiu cho cc hot ng khc ngoi thc phm. c bit hai vng Ty Bc v Bc Trung B,
cc khon chi tiu cn cao hn mc thu nhp.
Bng 4: % Chi tiu bnh qun khu/thng trong tng thu nhp
C nc
Thnh th
Nng thn
ng bng sng Hng
ng Bc
Ty Bc
Bc Trung B
Duyn Hi Nam trung B
Ty Nguyn
ng Nam B
ng Bng Sng Cu Long
2002
82.48
75.14
84.37
85.02
89.58
97.66
89.29
87.31
88.65
77.80
76.70
2004
81.92
79.96
83.13
85.56
85.52
94.39
86.72
88.31
82.34
74.96
79.85
2006
80.35
76.70
79.43
81.40
81.10
87.17
83.67
82.31
82.50
76.84
77.31
2008
79.63
77.58
81.28
77.63
82.14
90.39
87.38
83.78
84.43
78.38
75.47
2010
87.28
85.83
88.76
91.91
90.79
102.63
103.46
93.77
89.24
76.63
84.83
Khi so snh ngho v thu nhp c o bng t l phn trm dn s sng di mc ngho
1,25USD/ngy (PPP) cho thy t l ngho i theo mc thu nhp ch chim mt phn. T l
ngho i a chiu l 17,7% trong khi t l ngho i tnh theo mc thu nhp l 13,1%.
iu ny th hin rng cc c nhn sng trn mc ngho kh v thu nhp vn c th ngho
trong cc iu kin v y t v gio dc v cc iu kin sng khc. Tnh ton cho thy t l
ngi dn sng trong tnh trng d b tn thng dn n ngho i l rt cao 18,5%.
2.4. S kt hp gia chnh quyn a phng, cc t chc x hi v ngi dn trong
cuc chin chng i ngho
19
mi thnh vin c xc nh thng qua mc tiu c th, chc nng lin kt ca tng thnh
vin trong sn xut, phn phi v tiu th, m rng phm vi hot ng trong sn xut phi
nng nghip, tit kim tn dng, bo him v s hp tc gia nhng ngi sn xut v tiu
dng.. M hnh Nng trng Sng Hu l mt v d in hnh: Ni y khng ch c pht
trin kinh t n thun m l s pht trin v con ngi. l nhn t trung tm to nn s
thnh cng vang di ca nng trng sng Hu.
M hnh nng trng sng Hu, Cn th l mt trong nhng in hnh v m hnh cng ng lng x
gn trc tip gia cng nghip v nng nghip, gia quc doanh vi nng dn, sn xut vi th trng,
n nh v pht trin, quy m pht trin c chiu su v mt x hi v nhn vn. Bn cnh nhng
thnh tu ng k trong hot ng sn xut vi m hnh sn xut RRVAC (Rung ry vn ao
chung) lm cho kinh t h gia nh pht trin v hiu qu t trn 50 triu ng/ha. Ngi dn ca
nng trng t hai bn tay trng, go khng n c cuc sng kh hn rt nhiu theo phng
chm "dt ngho, tng kh, khuyn khch lm giu". Song song vi cc hot ng kinh t, cc hot
ng vn ha x hi cng c c bit ch trng nh: Chng trnh xy dng np sng vn ha, ni
b cn b c s phn cng gip nhau sn xut. H thng gio dc ca nng trng c t mu gio
n ph thng trung hc, gio dc c min ph hon ton. Ngoi ra nng trng cn m cc lp dy
ngh nng cao trnh chuyn mn cho cn b cng nhn, cc nng trng vin. Nh c s phi kt
hp hi ha gia li ch v kinh t v li ch v x hi, nng trng Sng Hu tr thnh mt cng
ng an sinh pht trin trong c ch mi h mi ngi thc ngy cng su v mt cuc sng
v mnh v v tt c. Con ngi y c chm sc ton din, c lm vic ti a v c nhn li
theo kh nng v hiu qu ng gp ca mnh. (Hc vin Chnh tr quc gia H Ch Minh, 2001, p6066)
nng cao tnh hiu qu trong qu trnh hp tc lin kt trong x hi nng dn, bi cnh th
ch ng vai tr quan trng trong vic iu ha cc mi quan h pht trin. S gn kt cht
ch gia ba nhn t Nh nc, cc t chc cng v cc t chc x hi s gp phn nng cao
nng lc tham gia ca mi thnh vin v tnh t nguyn v mc ch chung. S phn quyn
ph hp s gp phn cng c xy dng mt khun kh th ch hiu qu v gp phn tng
cng s hp tc gia cc tc nhn. Bn cnh , mt s t ch nht nh kt hp vi s a
chc nng ln hn ca cc t chc v c quan hnh chnh cng cng cp lnh th c th
va cho php phi hp tt hn cc d n v cc c cu hnh chnh theo chiu dc, va to ra
s phi hp tch cc gia khu vc cng cng, ONG, cc t chc tr gip v hip hi nng
dn .
Chnh quyn m nhim tt vai tr lnh o, cc t chc x hi th hin tt vai tr gn kt
ngi nng dn to nn mt s pht trin kinh t x hi n nh v bn vng. M hnh
"Lng hu cho ngi nng dn" ti x Thanh Vn, huyn Thanh Oai H Ni l mt th d
in hnh.
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Thanh Vn l mt x thun nng thuc vng chim trng ca huyn Thanh Oai vi dn s 6.520
ngi, din tch canh tc 600ha. Bnh qun thu nhp u ngi t 10 triu ng/nm. T nm
1989, ng y x c ngh quyt chm lo i sng nhn dn. Thng 5/1989, x thnh lp Qu
Bo him nng dn. ly tin gy qu, ban u HTX Nng nghip x Thanh Vn bn 20 tn
thc c 10 triu ng gi vo Trung tm tn dng ca huyn Thanh Oai nhm ly li chi bo
him cho nhn dn. T u nhng nm 2000, ng y x ch trng huy ng ngun lc t tp
th v c nhn ng gp. Trong ch trng tit kim t cc d n xy dng, thit k ng gp
vo Qu. n cui nm 2010, Qu bo him v phc li nng dn x Thanh Vn c s tin
chi tr tr cp cho nhng ngi t 60 tui tr ln vi mc 100.000 ng/thng. Ngy 19/4/2011
Qu chnh thc c khai trng vi tng s ngi tham gia l 264 ngi, trong c 196 ngi
c tr cp 100.000 ng/thng. ng Trn Vn Tun, Ch tch UBND x Thanh Vn cho bit, tt
c cc c t 60 tui tr ln ng bo him 1 ln vi tng s tin 4,8 triu ng (cho c 20 nm) s
c nhn lng hu n ht i vi mc lng mi 300.000 ng/ngi/thng. Hin nay, tt c
ngi dn x Thanh Vn t 16 tui tr ln u c ng bo him vi mc 20.000 ng/thng,
trong vng 20 nm nhn lng hu. Ngoi ra, x cn vn ng cc nh ho tm, cc t chc, c
s tham gia ng gp cho Qu. n nay s tin ca Qu t gn 39 t ng. Ton b s tin
c gi vo ngn hng, ly li chi tr lng hu cho cc thnh vin. UBND x ra Ngh
quyt, trong nm 2013 phn u chi tr lng hu cho nng dn l 350.000 ng/thng, 2014 l
400.000 ng/thng, 2015 ln mc 500.000 ng/thng
Ngun: http://dantri.com.vn/c20/s20-559837/nong-dan-co-luong-huu.htm
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Nguyen Duc Thnh, inh Tun Minh. Kinh t Vit Nam trong bi cnh kinh t th gii.
http://dl.ueb.vnu.edu.vn/bitstream/1247/113/2/kinh%20te%20viet%20nam%20trong%20boi%20canh%20kinh
%20te%20the%20gioi.pdf
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