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Rspunsul permanent al unui sistem analogic liniar i invariant (SALI) la semnale armonice
dy ( t )
+ 5 y (t ) = x (t ) .
dt
(a) S se determine rspunsul indicial, amplificarea i defazajul sistemului.
y (t )
y (t )
(a) rspunsul n frecven: H ( f ) =
or H ( ) =
x (t )
x (t )
j 2 ft
j t
x( t )=e
x( t )=e
- amplificarea: A ( ) = H ( ) .
- defazajul: ( ) = arg { H ( )} .
j
. S se determine rspunsul y(t)
100 + j
iR
R
iL
2t
(t ) .
uin
iC
C
uout
3
F.
4
SOLUIE:
a) uin ( t ) = intrarea, uout ( t ) = ieirea, iR ( t ) , iL ( t ) , iC ( t ) = mrimi interne
- ncercm s obinem o relaie ntre u1 i u2 :
(1)
iR = iL + iC
uin = R iR + u2 ( 2 )
di
uout = L L ( 3 )
dt
du
iC = C out ( 3')
dt
( 1 ) iL = iR iC
;
( 2 ) iR =
1
( uin uout )
R
duout
1
iL = R ( uin uout ) C dt
( 3 ),( 3')
u = L diL
out
dt
duout
d 2 uout L duout
d1
L du
LC
+
+ uout = in
( in out )
2
dt R
dt
R dt
R dt
dt
- s-a obinut o ecuaie diferenial de ordin II, deci sistemul este de ordin II
uout = L
d nu ( t ) n
= s U ( s ) ( teorema derivrii)
L
n
dt
Observaie: n expresia general a teoremei derivrii mai apare un termen care reprezint valoarea iniial a originalului. O
caracterizare a sistemului nu poate depinde de condiiile iniiale ale semnalelor, prin urmare n definirea f.d.s. presupunem
condiii iniiale nule.
LC s 2 U out ( s ) +
L
L
s U out ( s ) + U out ( s ) = s U in ( s )
R
R
1
L
0 =
s
s
20 s
LC
RC
R
=
= 2
H (s) =
2
L
1
1
s + 20 s + 0
= 1 L
s 2 LC + s + 1 s 2 +
s+
R
RC
LC
2R C
Metoda II: mai direct se consider schema operaional (ca n c.c.):
- divizor de tensiune
L || C
sL
U out ( s ) =
U in ( s ) H ( s ) = 2
R + L || C
s RLC + sL + R
c) U out ( s ) = H ( s ) U in ( s )
R
Uin(s)
uout ( t ) = L 1 { H ( s ) U in ( s )}
L { ( t )} = 1
L { ( t )} =
1
s
L {e t ( t )} =
1
s +
uin ( t ) = e 2t ( t ) U in ( s ) =
U out (s) =
A
s+
1
3
B
s+2
C
s+1
1
s+2
3
uout ( t ) = L
1
s + ( s + 2 ) ( s + 1)
3
Uout(s)
A=
s - 1
B=
C=
s -2
8
2
uout ( t ) = e t / 3 e 2t + 2 et ( t )
5
5
s -1
d) h ( t ) = L 1 { H ( s )}
h ( t ) = L 1
{ }
2
2 1
+ L 1
1
3
s +1
s+
h ( t ) = 2 et et / 3 ( t )
3
H (s)
e) Metoda I: a ( t ) = L 1
s
4
2
2
3
a ( t ) = L 1
= L 1
1 s + 1
s2 + 4 s + 1
s
+
3
3
3
Metoda II: a ( t ) = h ( ) d = 2 e e / 3 d
3
0
0
f) H ( j ) = H ( s ) s = j
a ( t ) = ( 2 et / 3 2 et ) ( t )
a ( t ) = ( 2 e t / 3 2 et ) ( t )
4
j
3
H ( j ) =
4
1
2 + j +
3
3
- amplificarea: A ( ) = H ( j )
- defazajul: ( ) = arg { H ( j )}
A ( ) =
1
4
2
+
3
3
( ) = arg
{ } {
4
j
3
arg
4
1
j +
3
3
4
arg j = , > 0
3 2
4
1
3
, pentru 2 > 0
arctg 1
3
2
4
1
3
arg 2 + j =
4
3
3
1
+ arctg 3
, pentru 2 < 0
1
3
2
1
3
arctg
, pentru <
1
3
2
2
3
( ) =
4
1
arctg 3
, pentru >
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
2. Se consider circuitul din Figura 2, unde R = , L = , C = . Se cer:
3
4
2
(a) fdc H 1 ( s ) =
U0 ( s )
E (s)
i H 2 ( s ) =
IL (s)
E (s)
R
e(t)
SOLUIE: a) U 0 ( s ) =
sL
1
sL + R &
sC
E (s)
H1 ( s ) =
U (s)
U (s)
1
IL (s) = 0
H2 ( s) = 0
=
H1 ( s )
sL
sL E ( s ) sL
b) Metoda I:
L
Figura 2
s 2 RLC + sL
s 2 RLC + sL + R
H2 ( s) =
H1 ( s ) =
s2 + 6 s
s2 + 6 s + 8
4(s + 6)
2
s + 6s + 8
{ } { }
=L {
}
)
H (s)
s +6
2
1
1
1
a1 ( t ) = L 1 1
L 1
=L
= L
s+2
s+4
s
( s + 2 )( s + 4 )
a1 ( t ) = 2 e2t e4t ( t )
H (s)
4(s + 6 )
1
a2 ( t ) = L 1 2
=L
s
s ( s + 2 )( s + 4
a2 ( t ) = 3 4 e2t + e4t ( t )
Metoda II:
3
4
1
+
s s+2 s+4
s 2 + 6 s
4
4
1
+
h1 ( t ) = L 1 { H 1 ( s )} = L 1
= L 1
+
+
+
+
s
2
s
4
s
2
s
4
(
)(
)
a1 ( t ) = h1 ( ) d = ( ) 4 e2 4 e4 ( ) d
h1 ( t ) = ( t ) 4 e2t 4 e4t ( t )
a1 ( t ) = 2 e2t e4t ( t )
u0(t)
Obs: am folosit:
( ) d = (t )
0
4 ( s + 6 )
8
4
1
h2 ( t ) = L 1 { H 2 ( s )} = L 1
= L
s+2 s+4
( s + 2 )( s + 4 )
t
a2 ( t ) = h2 ( ) d =
0
(8 e
2t
4 e4t d
h2 ( t ) = 8 e2t 4 e4t ( t )
a2 ( t ) = 3 4 e2t + e4t ( t )
V0 ( s )
E (s)
.
C
VM C
VM =
1
2sC +
E
+ VM sC
R
V
=
0
1
sC +
e(t)
2
s+
s R C + 2sRC + 1
RC
H (s) =
=
s 2 R 2 C 2 + 3sRC + 1 s 2 + 3 s +
RC
2 2 2
s2 +
1
2 2
v0(t)
R
Figura 3
R C
1
R2C 2