Internship

Internship
Report
Project Name: Phnom Penh City Center
Submitted To: Mr.Marsat Omerovl
Students Name: Makara Soy
Date: 10/09/2015
Contents:
Page
Introduction..... 3
Company Information.... 4
Weekly Summaries
Week 1. 8
Week 2. 9
Week 3. 10
Week 4. 11
Week 5. 12
Week 6. 13
Week 7. 14
Daily Reports
Day 1. 16
Day 2. 21
Day 3. 25
Day 4. 30
Day 5. 34
Day 6. 37
Day 7. 39
Day 8. 43
Day 9. 45
Day 10. 49
Day 11.. 52
Day 12.. 55
Day 13.. 58
Day 14.. 60
Day 15.. 62
Day 16.. 64
Day 17.. 66
Day 18.. 68
Day 19.. 70
Day 20.. 72
Day 21.. 74
Day 22.. 76
Day 23.. 78
1|Page
Day 24.. 81
Day 25.. 83
Day 26.. 85
Day 27.. 87
Day 28.. 89
Day 29.. 91
Day 30.. 93
Conclusion.. 95
References.. 96
2|Page
Introduction
Internship is a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training
rather than merely employment. Furthermore, it is an official or formal program that
providing practical experience for students. Internship is very important for
undergraduate students who will nearly become professionals in order to learn about
practicing.
To intern means to pass inside something, and when you have an internship, its
like you have permission to be inside a workplace. After the company allowing to go
inside, the students could use their knowledge of theoretical from lecture and applying
those knowledge for real practices. Besides working and applying their knowledge, the
students could learn more about how to work with people with different background and
knowledge. Sometime, they could order the worker to work according to reinforcements
plan. They certainly test their teamwork skill and communication skill. Depending on
company, the internship can be paid or unpaid. Some companies will allow the student to
work with their staff and paid for students.
Within the context of these crucial advantages from internship, Zaman University
urges the students to do internship during their third year summer in any company in
their related fields. Zaman University also considers the internship program as its credits
which students are required to complete in order to graduate. Depending on university,
some university require the student to do their internship for one month or three month.
However, with guideline from Zaman University, they allow the Civil Engineerings
students to do their internship for one month. This one month in construction site will
help the student to use their knowledge from university and apply to real construction
site.
Responding to the requirement from Zaman University, Zaman University has
relationship with one local construction company in Cambodia. This local company is
constructing multi-function with supermarket and residential. With permission from the
construction company, I hope I have used all my knowledge involving civil engineering
and other crucial skills to work for the company and also try my best to get more practical
experience from the site during internship period.
3|Page
Company Information
May thanks to Hassan (Cambodia) Development Co,. Ltd Construction Company,
with our requests to do the internship program for the company are accepted. With a
very warm welcome from the owner of Hassan, they allow 10 students from Zaman
University to do internship in their company. I and other 9 students was allowed to join
the construction site which was called Parkson located along Russian Blvd, Phnom
Penh, Cambodia.
1. The Detail of developer project

Hassan (Cambodia) Development Co,. Ltd is a local company which locates in
Phnom Penh, Cambodia. This company have multi-parts which is working in Human
resources Employment agencies, Medical equipment, Laboratory testing, Home and
Garden business activities. Beside those multi-parts of company, Hassan (Cambodia)
Development Co,. Ltd has developed the construction site in Phnom Penh as well. Hassan
and other investor were developing the mega project that working on Boung Kok land in
Phnom Penh. This project is named PHNOM PENH CITY CENTER (PPCC), Retail
Development at Russian Federation Boulevard, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. One of big
projects in Boung Kok land was Parkson.
2. Information of Parkson
Parkson is strategically located in the heart of Phnom Penh. The site is on Russian
Boulevard, the main access road to Central Business District and close vicinity to the
emerging financial district of Phnom Penh. Moreover, Parkson is along the main route
to/from Pochentong International Airport. The shopping center is right on the boundary
primary catchment zones are highly affluent Tuol Kork and Phnom Penh CBD. It is built
for supermarket, residence, office and hotel. It has two part of structures which the first
part is a long Russian Blvd using for supermarket. The first part of structure has 9 floors
for upper ground and 2 underground floors. The second structure is behind the
supermarket that has 20 floors. The function of the second part is used for residential and
hotel. The projects budget is
4|Page
Here are the overall details of the project:

Project Name: Phnom Penh City Center
Developer: Hassan (Cambodia) Development Co,. Ltd
Architect: Ck&A
Designer: Ck&A
Consultant: PRC (Plan & Research consultant Co,. Ltd)
Post tension: PBL
Budget:
Location: Russian Federation Boulevard, Srah Chak Commune, Daun Penh District,
Phnom Penh City
Project Components: 9-Storey Shopping Mall and Hotel
Construction Start Date: 01.02.2013
Delivery Date: 30.08.2015
Land Area: 21,962m2
Gross Floor Area: 70,000m2
Retail Categories: Supermarket, DFI Lucky, Shopping Mall / Department Store,
Parkson, Electronic Mall, Akira Cineplex (10 Screens), Golden Screen Cinema,
Bowling
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Figure 1: Parkson in Phnom Penh
The new shopping, lifestyle, and family entertainment destination in

Phnom Penh. Discover exciting new international retail concepts, branded
stores and restaurants. PARKSON
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Weekly Summaries
7|Page
Week 1
Date
June 22,
2015
Monday
Accomplished Tasks
June 23,
2015
Tuesday
June 24,
1. Meeting before staring internship program. 2. Explanation
2015
safety control
Wednesday
1. Starting with explanation the zone in project. 2. Site visiting.
June 25,
3. Information about the designer and architecture of project.
2015
4. The process of working before casting and after casting pile
Thursday
cap V. 5. Slump test.
June 26,
2015
Friday
1. Ramp 5 construction. 2. Location of Ramp 5. 3. Settle bar. 4.

The process of working for post tensions team. 5. The
arrangement of reinforcements slab according to
reinforcements plan.
June 27,
2015
Saturday
Name of the department:

Supervisor:
Site Management
Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B)
Approval signature:
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Week 2
Date
June 29,
2015
Monday
June 30,
2015
Tuesday
Accomplished Tasks
1. The process of arranging reinforcement column in Zone 5.
2. Checking reinforcement of first column (C4/R1). 3. Using
Coupler for reinforcement lapping. 4. The process of tight
reinforcement by wrench. 5. Installation the inside stirrup
(C35/E).
1. Checking the formwork before casting. 2. Survey the
vertical direction of column.3. Pour Strip Connection. 4.
Connection reinforcement of slab with pour strip.
July 01,
1. The details of reinforcement slab in Zone 7. 2. The
2015
arranging reinforcement of slab with wrong spacing. 3. The
Wednesday installation of formwork with wrong dimension.
1. The arrangement reinforcement slab in Zone 7. 2. The
July 02,
arranging stirrup inside beam with wrong spacing. 3. The
2015
forgotten arranging the top layer reinforcement of beam. 4.
Thursday
The installation the support of transfer beam inside the
column.
1. The detail of slabs plan at Zone 5B. 2. The detail of post
July 03,
tension beam. 3. The obstacle while installation the duct
2015
inside the column. 4. The process of using wire mesh (WWS)
Friday
for arranging reinforcement of slab.
July 04,
2015
Saturday

Supervisor:
Site Management
Approval signature:
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Week 3
Date
July 06,
2015
Monday
July 07,
2015
Tuesday
Accomplished Tasks
1. The process of constructing wall on ground floor in Zone 1. 2.
Finished digging soil for link concrete. 3. The obstacle while
digging soil because of Pipe along the road. 4. The process of
cleaning the formwork before casting in Zone 7(2F).
Absent
1. The process of curing in Zone 7(2F) after casting. 2. The

July 08,
arranging reinforcement beam along ramp 5 down. 3. The
2015
lapping reinforcement of beam. 4. The process of welding
Wednesday
reinforcement beam with reinforcement of column.
1. The installation the top layer reinforcement of slab ramp 5
July 09,
down. 2. The welding truss using for supporting transfer beam.
2015
3. The lapping reinforcement of beam. 4. The process of
Thursday
installation truss
July 10,
1. The process of tendon strands. 2. The technique for tendon
2015
the strands. . 3. Preparation before casting in Zone 3A (8F).
Friday
July 11,
2015
Saturday

Supervisor:
Site Management
Approval signature:
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Week 4
Date
July 13,
2015
Monday
July 14,
2015
Tuesday
Accomplished Tasks
1. Installation the reinforcement of slab for last part of ramp. 2.
Using the air pumping machine for cleaning the formwork. 3.
Do slump test before casting concrete (ramp 5 down). 4. The
process of casting concrete on ramp 5 down. 5. Raking the
concrete after casting.
1. The process of curing the concrete of ramp. 2. Installation
reinforcement of slab (Rod level). 3. Site Visiting (Zone 3B)
1. The process of installation the post tension strands (Rod

July 15,
level). 2. The arranging reinforcement of three beam joint
2015
together (Rod level). 3. The mistaken after installation the wire
Wednesday
mesh of reinforcement slab.
July 16,
1. The process of using Sika Latex to improve connection of
2015
concrete. 2. The process of tendon strands in Zone 3A (8F).
Thursday
July 17,
2015
Friday
1. The function of transfer beam and how transfer beam

different from standard beam. 2. The process of installation the
outside stirrup of transfer beam.
July 18,
2015
Saturday
1. The process of installation reinforcement for transfer beam.

2. The process before casting and after casting in Rod level

Supervisor:
Site Management
Approval signature:
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Week 5
Date
July 20,
2015
Monday
July 21,
2015
Tuesday
Accomplished Tasks
1. The changing place of longitudinal reinforcement along
transfer beam. 2. Installation the anchorage block inside the
transfer beam.
1. Installation the longitudinal reinforcement for the top layer
of transfer beam. 2. Casting the concrete of column in Zone
7(2F). 3. The technique for casting in order to do not have
honey comb after casting.
1. The process of tendon in Zone 3A (2F). 2. Denote the

July 22,
elongation data of strands. 3.Installation of dead-end part of
2015
strands inside the transfer beam
Wednesday
July 23,
2015
Thursday
July 24,
2015
Friday
1. Installation the concrete block of transfer beam. 2.

Installation the side of formwork of transfer beam.
1. Installation the other side of formwork for transfer beam. 2.
Installation three layer of raking shores. 3. Installation
reinforcement of beam along ramp 5 construction.
July 25,
2015
Saturday

Supervisor:
Site Management
Approval signature:
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Week 6
Date
July 27,
2015
Monday
July 28,
2015
Tuesday
Accomplished Tasks
1. Installation the wire ties in transfer beam. 2. Installation the
longitudinal reinforcement of new column on transfer beam. 3.
Installation the driven pipe. 4. First casting in transfer beam.
1. Installation the reinforcement of beam along ramp 5 (line 23). 2. Using Sika Latex before casting concrete in transfer beam.
3. Casting concrete for second time in transfer beam.
July 29,
1. The arranging reinforcement in ramp 5 construction. 2.
2015
Finishing arranging bottom reinforcement of slab (Ramp 5).
Wednesday
1. Finishing installation the top layer of reinforcement slab for
July 30,
ramp 5(line 2-3). 2. The exchange reinforcement from
2015
12@100 to 10@65.
Thursday
July 31,
2015
Friday
August 01,
2014
Saturday
1. Installation the concrete cover for ramp. 2. Survey the top

layer of slab before casting ramp 5. 3. Installation the top layer
reinforcement of foundation.
1. Prepare for casting concrete in Ramp5. 2. Floating the top
surface of slab in ramp 5 using steel tube. 3. Using power
trowel to create a smooth surface on the concrete

Supervisor:
Site Management
Approval signature:
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Week 7
Date
July 27,
2015
Monday
July 28,
2015
Tuesday
Accomplished Tasks
1. Installation reinforcement of beam and formwork in Zone 5A
(3F). 2. The obstacle while install reinforcement of beam.
1. Installation reinforcement of column in Zone 6. 2.
Installation reinforcement of support transfer beam inside the
column. 3. Installation the formwork of column.
July 29,
2015
Wednesday
July 30,
2015
Thursday
July 31,
2015
Friday
August 01,
2014
Saturday

Supervisor:
Site Management
Approval signature:
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Daily Reports
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Day 1
Thursday, June 25, 2015

By starting the first day as the internship student, we arrived the construction site
at 7:30am. The whole day concluded with the general instruction of construction site,
explanation of project zone, and the construction the pile cap V.
In office, we were asked to meet the Human Resource Department. We had to
make the company identity card before enter into the site. There are two site manager
who be our supervisor. We met one of those supervisors, he gave us some plans of pile
cap. After that, he started to explain to general information of the project, the task what
should we do in construction site and explained the plan of pile cap.
1. Information about the designer and architecture of project

The project is a construction of supermarket, and hotel. He explained some details
about the process of designer and architecture of this project. The architecture and
Engineering of Parkson was prepared by the CK&A (CK&A CPMSULTANCY
INTERNATIONAL PIE LTD). CK&A was the international company located in Singapore.
This firm was established in December 2006. CK&A have finished designing and
architecture a lot of project such as Parkson, The Bridge of Cambodia, The 38 story retail
and hotel in Phnom Penh, etc. For this project, CK&A have designed the reinforcement
plan. When they finished the drawing, they summited the plan to main constructor which
was PPCC (Phnom Penh City Center). PPCC has some drawing team as well. Sometimes,
PPCC drawing team have to uses those plans and revised a new drawing for detail of
reinforcement plan. Before the construction, CK&A studied and investigated the
condition of soil as well.
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Figure 1.1: Parkson, Phnom Penh
Figure 1.2: The Bridge of Cambodia
2. The Pile Cap V

Pile Cap V is the last pile cap for this project which located in Zone 6. The function
of pile cap V is used for construction of electrical room. There are 3 main pile caps in this
electrical room, but two of those pile cap has already constructed. The height of this pile
cap was 2.75m and the elevation of top pile is -2.5m compare with elevation 0.00. Pile
Cap V is a group of bore piles while has there piles involve. Those three bore pile has
diameter 1m. The shape of this pile cap is trapezoid. There are 8 workers working this
pile cap. They has started this pile cap for three days. After we arrived to the Pile Cap V,
the workers has finished the formwork and the arrangement of reinforcement bars. They
are working on wiring the reinforcement inside pile cap in order to prevent pushing back
of concrete while curing.
When the formwork is ready to curing, they start cleaning the waste inside
formwork as well as the bottom layer of pile cap. They clean the formwork in order to the
bottom layer of pile cap which is link concrete and top layer of bore pile working well
with new concrete. Before the allowing to curing concrete, there are different teams who
checking the quality of the formwork, reinforcement bars, and concrete and surveying
the elevation of pile cap. Firstly, there was a surveys team came to survey where is top
surface of this pile cap.
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Figure 1.3: Last Three Pile Caps

After that, our supervisor came to check the reinforcement and the quality of
formwork. He gave us opportunity to check to reinforcement inside the pile cap. He asked
us: Is those steel bars enough according to reinforcement plan? Is the spacing between
steel bar is enough? While checking the steel bar, I have one question to ask our
supervisor that why they construct all longitudinal reinforcements column not from the
bottom layer of pile cap instead of they only put the 8 main bars starting from bottom
surface. He answer that because they consider the leaping of steel was only 50 of
diameter which 2m from the top surface of pile cap is enough for the column steels. The
other reason was that the company consider about the economic.
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Figure 1.4: Install the horizontal

shore for formwork
Figure 1.6: Reinforcement of bore pile

in Pile Cap
Figure 1.5: Welding Steel pipes for

raking Shores
Figure 1.7: Longitudinal reinforcement bars

of Column
19 | P a g e
After he have finished checking reinforcement of pile cap, we had to wait for ready
mix concrete truck arrival. The volume of this pile cap is 39.58m3. Therefore, they have
to order 40 m3 which need 6 truck. Before start pumping, site engineer allowed us to
check for slump test of concrete. The allowable slump for company is 122.5 cm. After
the slump test was conducted, the slump of concrete was 13cm. During curing the
concrete, there are there worker on the top of pile cap using one vibrator. While casting
the concrete, the site engineer did not allow other worker to stand near the side of pile
cap because it could be danger when the formwork of pile cap could not stand very well.
Figure 1.8: Slump Test
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Day 2
Friday, June 26, 2015

After gaining knowledge and a little experience form working at construction site
for the first fay, we are eager to learn and know more. Even though, we are internship
student, we have to arrive at 7: 30 am at construction site. Our supervisor want us to
work and learn the knowledge from the site by starting our working hour as their staff.
The Whole Day 2 concluded with some details of Ramp, Ramp Reinforcements Plan and
Post tension Cable Connection.
Starting day 2 with more specifics of Ramp, the worker were constructing in Zone
5. Our team started to learn the reinforcements plan of Ramp by ourselves before
starting to check the reinforcement. This Ramp located in Zone 5 and connected from the
first floor to second floor. According to plan, the side of Ramp located at column M-3 to
M-5 and other side of Ramp located from column N-3 to N-5. After we learnt very well
about the reinforcements plan, we started check the steel bar in Beam (B1 and B2). Both
beam B1 and B2 have dimension wide 1500mm with height 600mm. B1 and B2 have 4
layer of reinforcement which they are using fi 25mm. In each layer, they used 10 steel
bars which spacing is 155mm.
Figure 2.2: First Concrete Casting for Ramp 5
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Beam (B1) had longitudinal length 13.3m with connected to column that have
already constructed. They used some technique for connecting the reinforcement of
beam with the column. Before they constructed the column, they survey the elevation of
Ramp with the column. Then they put reinforcement length 7 m from one side to another
side of column by keeping 2.9m outside the column. They constructed reinforcement into
3 layers and spacing as same as the spacing of reinforcement in beam B1. After that they
cured the concrete of the column. While they arranged the reinforcement of beam, the
steel bar will be connected with reinforcement from the column. The steel bars was called
settle bar. My observation for Settle bars was that when they arrange the settle bar in
column, it is easily to connect reinforcement of beam with settle bar. Moreover, the
worker will spend less time while connecting settle bar.
Figure 2.2: Settle Bar
Figure 2.3: Settle bar connected with

reinforcement of beam
In afternoon, we started to learn new thing which was how to installation Post
Tension Strand. While the reinforcements team have finished arranging steel bar for
bottom layer of slab, the Post Tensions Team came to install the strand. The strand had
to install along the wide of ramp which was from one side ramp to other side. The Post
tension strands team had 10 workers. According to Post Tensions plan, they had to
install the strand 1m a part from each other of the wide of ramp. They had to install in
reverse side of anchorage block. Each anchorage block had 4 strands. The reverse
22 | P a g e
anchorage block depend on the place of ramp. Sometimes, they did not need to reverse
the head of wedge because the place was very small and did not allow to tendon the
strand. The Dead-Ending part of strand was installed with reinforcement inside the beam.
The position of cable was on the top of reinforcement at bottom layers slab
reinforcement.
Figure 2.4: Installation the DeadEnd of Strand
Figure 2.6: Prepare putting the strand

in Anchorage Block
Figure 2.5: Installation of

Anchorage Block
Figure 2.7: The Anchorage block with

Recess former
23 | P a g e
The slab reinforcement in the Ramp have two layers. The bottom layer have
already done installation since yesterday. After the Strands team had done installation,
the manager of worker started to order his members to install the top reinforcement slab
layer. By the starting without looking through to reinforcement plan, he ordered his
members to put the longitudinal rebar on the top of latitudinal rebar. After they installed
several reinforcements, the site engineer in other zone arrived and told to stop working
for a while. Site Engineer called us to come and asked to check on the reinforcements
plan. After looking through the reinforcements plan, I told him to reverse the
reinforcement by putting the longitudinal rebar on the bottom of latitudinal rebar. The
direction of arrangement reinforcement bar is very important for each structure because
if they arrange reinforcement bar not properly direction, the reinforcement on the
structure will not working properly. Sometimes, it could make danger for structure.
Figure 2.8: Reinforcement's Plan of Slab
Figure 2.9: Bottom layer of

reinforcement's Slab
Figure 2.10: Reinforcement of Beam
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Day 3
Monday, June 29, 2015

By starting a new week with motivation to learn the new knowledge, we
arrived at construction site at 7:30am as usual time. Since the ramp construction was
casted last Saturday, we did not have much work to do. Therefore, we went to second
floor on Zone 5. Most of columns have already casted in this Zone as well as other
columns were already installed the formwork, but there are two more columns still
installing reinforcement. These columns were installed from second floor to third floor.
The whole Day 3 concluded with the process of working in Zone 5 and the arranging
reinforcement of column.
Figure 3.1: 2F to 3F Column in Zone 5
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The first column was called C4/R1 located at N/1 in plan. This column has
dimension 1200mm by 1800mm and has height is 5m. There are 14 steel bars on wide
column as well as 21 steel bars on long. Each side of column has two layers of steel bars.
The spacing of rebar is very crowded. By starting learning on this column, we started
focusing on the reinforcements plan of the column and a new technique on how to
installation longitudinal reinforcement. There are a group of worker who installed
longitudinal reinforcements. They tried to install the longitudinal rebar by taking the new
reinforcement tighten with old rebar on the bottom surface column.
Figure 3.2: Reinforcement plan of column C4/R1
Figure 3.3: Cut section of column C4/R1
26 | P a g e
For the connecting the longitudinal reinforcement, the technique was used in this
construction site was very different from other site. Normally, the lapping length of steel
bar was at lease from 40 to 60 according to ACI Code. For example, if they have to
connect steel bar 25, therefore they have to lap the bar length at least 1m. However,
they used couplers technique for connecting reinforcement instead of lapping technique.
Since the designer designed and used 40 for column, therefore the coupler had many
advantages for connection rebar. Firstly, it was easy to connect one rebar to other rebar
only use coupler. Secondly, it did not waste time for worker trying to lap the
reinforcement. Lastly, it was economical and have the same strength as lapping
technique. If we used the technique for lapping rebar, at least we had spent length 1.6m
to 2.4m of 40 for lapping each other. Therefore, we have to spend around 39kg of
lapping steel for one longitudinal reinforcement connecting each other. However, we only
used one coupler while connecting longitudinal reinforcement.
Figure 3.4: Using Coupler for Connecting

Reinforcement
Figure 3.5: Coupler for 40
27 | P a g e
After we had learnt column reinforcements plan, we checked longitudinal rebar

on C4/R1 column. While worker tried to connect rebar using couplers, we have learnt
some techniques for connecting rebar. There are 6 workers working on this column
where are 3 worker working on the top of column and other 3 worker working at bottom
of column. They tried to carry one side of reinforcement to top column and other side to
connect with coupler. While connected with coupler, they use the wrench to tighten up
to reinforcement.
Figure 3.6: Install longitudinal

reinforcement column C4/R1
Figure 3.7: Tight reinforcement

by wrench (C4/R1)
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The second column was called C35/E located at N/1y in plan. This column has
dimension 800mm by 800mm. This column was the smallest column in this zone
compare with the other. The longitudinal reinforcement was already installed. However,
there were 4 workers tried to install the stirrup. The way they installed stirrup was that
they installed the outside stirrups from the bottom to the top column and tighten up. After
that, they installed the inside stirrup where they left. The spacing from one stirrup to
other is 250mm. According to reinforcements plan, we can see that the designer designed
the column by reducing 4 longitudinal reinforcements on this floor.
Figure 3.8: Install the outside

stirrup (C35/E)
Figure 3.9: Install the inside

stirrup (C35/E)
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Day 4
Tuesday, June 30, 2015

With ambition to gain more experience at construction site, we arrived at
7:30am. As part of today, we continue where we left from Day 3. The whole Day 4
concluded with the installation of formwork of column, checking the formwork before
casting and the connection PT slab from Zone 5A and Zone 5B (Pour Strip).
We continued visiting column C4/R1 where we left from Day3. The process of this column
compared with other column was a bit slow. The reason was that there were only 6
worker working on this column. The spacing between longitudinal reinforcement was
very crowd. Thus, they took more time consuming for installation. By finished installation
of the longitudinal reinforcement of column, they continued install the outside stirrups
with spacing 250mm in this morning. After they had done installation the outside stirrup,
they continued install inside stirrup. In order to making the process easier, they kept only
the 4 reinforcements on corner straight and the other reinforcement wiring to become
small shape for wiring the inside stirrup.
Figure 4.1: Install the inside stirrup of

column (C4/R1)
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Beside checking the reinforcement of column and learning the process of working, we
have learnt how they are connecting the post tension slab from Zone 5A to Zone 5B which
was call Pour Strip. In a large construction concrete building, it is often to have pour
strips. A pour strip is a section of concrete slab left open to control shrinkage and elastic
shortening. It can also provide access for stressing of post-tensioning tendons. Usually,
pour strip are left open for 30 day to 60 day to allow for initial shrinkage and elastic
shortening, and then filled with concrete after that time to complete slab continuity. This
pour strip has small dimension slab. The pour strip can leave very large slab cantilevers
on either side of the pour strips. While I arrived, the worker were trying to connect the
top and bottom reinforcement slab from the Zone 5A with new reinforcement. After they
had done connecting, they install the top reinforcement layer on the longitudinal
direction. There are other team for installation the post tension cable in between the top
and bottom reinforcement slab.
Figure 4.2: Pour Strip in Zone 5 (2F)
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Figure 4.3: The connecting

reinforcement of Pour Strip
Figure 4.5: Installation the top layer

reinforcement of pour strip
Figure 4.4: Connecting reinforcement

of beam for Pour Strip
Figure 4.6: Install the concrete

cover using Crane to carry
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Afternoon, I continued to Zone 5 again to learn how to install the formwork of

column and how to checking the quality of formwork. After I arrived, the worker were
working installation the formwork. The formwork were divided into 2 sections. After the
crane carried the formwork from the ground to the column, the working need to welding
the formwork and keep the formwork in vertical direction. After the formwork was
install, they had to welding the yoke of column. The yoke will keep the column be strong
when casting the concrete. After that, they have to install the prop of column. The prop
of column will keep the column stay in vertical direction. After they have finished
installation the prop, it was ready for casting. However, there were the consultants team
who came to check the quality of work. They came to survey the vertical direction of
column as well with checking the quality of prop for the column.
Figure 4.7: The yoke and the

prop of column
Figure 4.8: Survey the vertical

direction of column
Figure 4.9: Survey the vertical

direction at bottom of column
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Day 5
Wednesday, July 01, 2015

Begin the first day of new month, our team started our internship program as
usual by arriving the site at 7:30 am. Most of slab in this construction site were post
tension slab, but there were also another reinforce concrete. As part of today, we started
to visit the slab on second floor in zone 5 which were reinforce concrete structure. The
whole day 5 summarized the detail of reinforcement slabs plan in Zone 7, the slab
formwork, and the mistaken during arrangement of bottom layer of slab.
At 8:00 am, we met our supervisor at Zone 6. He explained the process of working
at the whole construction site. Moreover, he explained us what should we do for the
internship. He want us to see the process of post tension stressing machine as well. After
that, we went to zone 7 on the second floor. Zone 7 is only zone mostly construct reinforce
concrete compare to other zone. This zone has 6 blocks of lift walls and one of those lift
block was already installed the crane inside. While we arrived the second floor, some part
was finished installation of formwork and some part have not been installed formwork
yet. There were one part of this zone which was installed the bottom reinforcement layer
of slab.
Figure 5.1: Crane inside the lift

wall
Figure 5.2: Installation the

formwork of slab
34 | P a g e
We started learning the reinforcements plan and then we started check the rebar
that they already installed the bottom layer of reinforcement slab. We can see that they
arranged the steel bar in different way from the reinforcements plan. The bottom
reinforcement layer spacing should be 150 mm by 250mm, but they already arranged it
to be 150mm by 150mm. We has discussed this problem and asked to site engineer. He
explained us why that problem have happened. He told that the worker have already
installed when he was not here. Then he said that it was a small slab construction. If we
rearrange the reinforcement with the plan detail, we had to waste our time and we only
got a little reinforcement back. Therefore, he still kept it and continued installation the
top layer reinforcement.
Figure 5.3: Installation reinforcement

of the top layer Slab
Figure 5.4: Wrong Arranging reinforcement

for spacing 150mm by 150mm
In this zone, there are a lot of sub beams connecting from lift wall to main beam.
There was mistaken in one sub beam. The layout of reinforcement plan in this zone is
mistaken. The layout showed that this beam had dimension 400mm by 600mm. However,
section of reinforcements plan detail was shown that this beam have dimension 250mm
by 600mm. By looking through the layout first, he told to the worker to make the
formwork 400mm by 600mm and installed the reinforcement inside the formwork. After
35 | P a g e
he have checked the reinforcement again, he have called to our supervisor to confirm the
size of the beam. The answer shown that we should followed the plan detail. Therefore,
this beam needed to be reconstructed.
Figure 5.5: Beam with dimension 400mm by 600mm

At the afternoon, we have met our supervisor at zone 7 where we were working
on checking reinforcement. As well as the problem have shown above, we have asked and
discuss with our supervisor. He have explained us the solution and explained what we
should do as internship student when there is a mistake. When we see such a problem,
we should ask site engineer and discuss the problem. Moreover, we and he also checked
the top reinforcement layer of slab. There is another problem happened. The slab
thickness is 175mm but measure from the bottom to the top reinforcement is 170mm.
This height was not considered the bottom concrete cover 20mm and the top concrete
cover. This problem happened because the site engineer was not looked at thickness of
slab according to plan. They used the chair bar to separate the top and the bottom layer
is too height. Therefore, they need to change to changed chair bar height in order to meet
the limit thickness of slab.
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Day 6
Thursday, July 02, 2015

Since we started visiting in Zone 7, we found many interesting problems
occurring. Therefore, we would like to learn more on how to solve those problem. As part
of today, we arrived the construction site at 8:00 am as usual. The whole Day 6
summarized the process of arrangement of reinforcement in Zone 7 and the arrangement
support of transfer beam in Zone 5A.
In morning, we continued where we left in Day 5. In Zone 7, there are two teams
who were working on the arrangement of reinforcement and installing the formwork of
slab. We have checked the amount of reinforcement bars for slab and sub beam. While
we were checking, we found many problems occurring in this zone. In sub beam 2HB10,
it has length 7.9m and wide 300mm by height 800mm. According the reinforcements
plan detail, they should arrange the stirrup have spacing 150mm from the end of beam
2m. Moreover in the middle, the spacing of stirrup was 250mm.
Figure 6.1: The spacing stirrup was

250mm for whole beam (2HB10)
Figure 6.2: Top layer reinforcement of

beam with 232 without 120
However, they arranged the spacing of stirrup 250mm for the whole beam in
actual. When there are shear force, the area of reinforcement stirrup in this beam could
not prevent very well at the end. Furthermore, it should show the cracking after casting
concrete. Otherwise, the site engineer does not strictly concern much on the construction
37 | P a g e
site. There were another problems occurring in this zone as well. According to
reinforcement plan, the top layer of beam should be used 232 and in middle
reinforcement of the top layer should be used 120. However, they only installed the top
layer with 232 without installing the middle reinforcement.
As part of today, we have learnt another new thing that we have never known
before. We went to Zone 5A where we left the ramp last week. After we arrived, the
worker were working on the installation the support of huge beam which was called
transfer beam. The transfer beam will be support be two columns. The main reason for
creation transfer beam was to install a new column in the middle of transfer beam and
release the two support columns. This beam has dimension 2.5m by 3m height. Before
starting to construct transfer beam, they have to think to how to support transfer beam.
Inside the column, they have to install the steel bar as shown in figure (). This steel bar
will be support the truss of transfer beam after they finished casting this column.
Figure 6.3: Install steel bars inside the

column for supporting truss
Figure 6.4: formwork of column
38 | P a g e
Day 7
Friday, July 03, 2015

With passionate in learning the process of working at construction site, our team
arrived at the same time. Since, there were not many thing to do in Zone 7. Therefore, we
had to find other new zone to learn the process of working. The whole Day 7 started with
the detail of slabs plan at zone 5B and the detail of post tension beam cover on Zone 5B.
Begin day 7 with more detail view of plan in Zone 5B, we went up to third floor. There are
two teams who working in different purpose. They arranged the reinforcement of beams
and other installed the post tension strands. In this Zone, the post tension beams have
dimension 1500mm wide by 600mm height. In each beam, the designer used the
reinforcement 1412 on top and bottom layer. While installing the stirrup in each beam,
there are some people who working on the installation of slab formwork.
Figure 7.1: PT Beam at 3rd Zone 5B
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While working on arrangement reinforcement of beam, there was post tension

group. They were working on installation the duct in each beam before putting the strand
inside the duct. On side beam (Line K), they installed one duct with cover 19 strands. After
they put strands in the duct, they continue installed dead end part of strands with beam.
After that, they installed Anchorage Block. Before they install the Anchorage Block, they
need to put springs. They continued install the middle beam by using two duct. According
to Post Tension Plan, they need to install the elevation of duct in differently. However,
they also met some obstacle while installing. The spacing of reinforcement in column is
too crowd. Normally, while they were installing the longitudinal of column, the designer
have already considered the tendon part along the beam and crossing the column.
Sometimes, the worker forgot to keep some spacing for duct. Therefore, it was difficult to
put the duct on the top column rebar. They came up with idea was that they welded rebar
to become flexible and then they bend it. Finally, they could install the duct inside the
column.
Figure 7.2: The position of PTBAnchorages (Line M, L)
40 | P a g e
Figure 7.3: Installation the Anchorages

guide
Figure 7.5: The installation duct along

beam
Figure 7.4: Welding the longitudinal

reinforcement of column
Figure 7.6: After install the strand inside the

duct
41 | P a g e
Figure 7.7: Post Tension definition

In the afternoon, they used wire mash for arrangement reinforcement slab.
Welded wire mash (WWS) is a prefabricated reinforcement consisting of parallel series
of high-strength, cold-drawn or cold-rolled wire welded together in square or rectangular
grids. Each wire intersection is electrically resistance welded by a continuous automatic
welder. Concrete structures are being successfully and economically reinforced with high
strength, uniformly distributed wires in WWS. The smaller diameter, closely-spaced
wires of WWS provide more uniform stress distribution and more effective crack control
in slab and walls. There are many advantage while using WWS in construction site.
Firstly, Using WWS can save time and money over the standard rebar methods. Wires are
welded in a mat. The wires do not more when concrete is placed, ensuring the wires are
in their proper position. Moreover, WWS provided the exact size of reinforcement where
needed through variable bar size and pacing, thereby reducing steel waste. Therefore,
this wire mash is very helpful in construction site.
Figure 7.8: WWS sheet ready for install on 3rd floor slab
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Day 8
Monday, July 06, 2015

Starting the new week with motivation to learn from construction site, we arrived
at construction site at 8:00am. We want to gain more knowledge and experience in order
to easily solving problem as we will become site engineer. We reviewed some
reinforcements plan detail and site visiting around the construction site. The whole Day
8 concluded with constructing wall on ground floor in Zone 1, and preparation casting in
Zone 7.
In the morning, we visited the wall construction in front of the building along the
Russian Blvd. This wall was prepared in order to connect with other wall which was
already constructed. The function of those walls will make the rod level for car driving in
front of the building. After we were arriving, the worker worked on digging the soil in
order to continue link concrete. Some part of link concrete has been finished. They have
to put rock inside the link concrete. After finished link concrete, they started to install the
reinforcement of wall. We have meet and asked the site engineer who were working on
the construction wall. He explained us the process of constructing wall and where to dig
the soil as well as the function of this wall.
Figure 8.1: Finished digging

soil for link concrete
Figure 8.2: Putting rock

inside the link concrete
Figure 8.3: Finished

casting concrete
While construction this wall, they also faced some problems. Because of the wall
was near the Russian Blvd, there are many private pipes as well as the electrical pipe,
internet pipes and telecommunication pipe systems. They meet some difficulties for
43 | P a g e
digging the soil. If they were not careful digging, they will break the pipe. Thus, they need
to talk to all these companies before constructing this wall.
Figure 8.4: Pipe along the Russian Blvd

In the afternoon, we visited Zone 7 that we have left since Friday last week. They
have almost done preparing the reinforcement of slab and beam. Since we were working
on this construction site, we can say that on second floor at this zone took long time than
other zone. The reason on this zone was that it was reinforce concrete slab. Therefore,
there are a lot of reinforcement installation for slab and beams. Moreover, they did not
used wire mash. On this zone, we can said that it was the critical zone. According our
supervisors plan, this floor will be casted this evening. However, there are some beams
not yet install reinforcement. Those beams need to casting at the same time as slab.
Therefore, our supervisor has changed plan to casting on tomorrow.
Figure 8.5: Cleaning the formwork
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Day 9:
With ambition to gain more experience, we reach the site as usual. From one to
other day, we have changed the zone for visiting. Depend on Zone where we visited, if
there are not new process of working, we will visit another new zone. We want to gain
new knowledge and technique from site engineer as well. The whole day 9 concluded
with planning study of structure Ramp 5 down and checking reinforcement.
In this section, I want to summarize the process of working in Zone 7 before
coming to Ramp construction. I have left the slab reinforcement in Zone 7 since my Day
8 on 06/7/2015. On 7/07/2015, they have already finished installed the reinforcement
of beam as well slab. After that, they casted the concrete on second floor in Zone 7. By the
finishing casting tonight, today they were curing the concrete. Curing concrete is the
process in which the concrete is protected from loss of moisture and kept within a
reasonable temperature range. The result of this process is increased strength and
decreased permeability. Good curing can help mitigate the appearance of unplanned
cracking.
Figure 9.1: Curing the Concrete in

Zone 7 (2F)
Figure 9.2: Using jute bag for curing
45 | P a g e
Ramp is one of the most critical structure in this construction site. There are two
ramps construction which for driving up and driving down. Today, we visited the
construction ramp 5 down in zone 6. Most of formwork was already installed for slab,
however, they were working on the formwork for beam. For reinforcements team, they
already finished installing reinforcement of one beam along slab of ramp. Since we
arrived, we started to learn the structure ramp. After that, we worked on checking
reinforcement of beam. The beam was along the ramp which has dimension 1500mm
wide by 600mm height. According to reinforcements plan, they used 3 layers of
reinforcement which using 25 and each layer have 10 rebar. The arrangement of
reinforcement was different from other beam that I have seen before. They started to
arrange 2 layer from the top surface and 1 layer from bottom which has length 3.5m from
central axis of column. After that, they arranged reverse reinforcement layer by starting
1 layer from the top and 2 layers from bottom. This reverse layer started from 3.5m of
central axis of column. The leaping reinforcement between each other was 1.2m.
Figure 9.3: Ramp 5 Down
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Figure 9.4: Section of reinforcement Detailing
Figure 9.5: Reinforcement of beam

along Ramp
Figure 9.6: Lapping reinforcement of

beam
In the afternoon, we continued to checking the reinforcement of ramp structure.

The worker already finished install reinforcement of beam. They continued to install the
bottom layer reinforcement of slab. This installation should be careful to installed,
because sometime they installed wrong direction if they did not look at reinforcement
plan. There are two kind of reinforcements for bottom layer of slab which are bottom
bottom and bottom top reinforcement. Sometimes, they confused to install the bottom
top reinforcement as the bottom bottom reinforcement. This could make the
reinforcement working in wrong direction. We also have learnt some techniques for
47 | P a g e
connecting reinforcement of beam with column was already casted. They crashed
concreted cover of column until longitudinal reinforcement of column. Then, they
wielded reinforcement of beam with longitudinal reinforcement of column.
Figure 9.7: Installation the bottom

layer of slab (Ramp)
Figure 9.9: Connecting reinforcement of

beam with reinforcement of column
Figure 9.8: Welding reinforcement beam with

reinforcement column
Figure 9.10: Connecting reinforcement

of beam with reinforcement of column
48 | P a g e
Day 10
With passionate gain more experience from construction site, we arrived as the
same time at construction site. Since, the weather was not good enough in rainy season,
the process of working today faced some obstacles with raining. When there were
raining, the process of working were stopped. However, even though there were raining,
we tried to learn as much as we can from construction site. The whole Day 10 summarize
with the process of ramp construction and some detail of transfer beam.
After we arrived the construction site, we went to zone 6 where we left yesterday.
The worker worked on the installation of reinforcement for top layer of slab ramp. As
part of today, we have checked the reinforcement of beam as well slab. We found out that
the arrangement of reinforcement was followed by the reinforcement plan details. There
were the other team working on installation the longitudinal reinforcement of column.
This column will be casted at the same time with ramp. This column will be casted at the
same height of the top surface of slab. Therefore, they had to finishing this longitudinal
reinforcement as soon as possible. There are also another team who working of
installation formwork of ramp. They were installing the side beam formwork. They have
some difficulties during installation because this structure did not provide enough
spacing for installation. As part of today, we have learnt the process of connecting the
reinforcement of beam as well as the process of formwork installation.
Figure10.1: Finished installation the top

layer reinforcement of slab line (4-5)
49 | P a g e
At the afternoon, we visited the process of installation the truss to support the transfer
beam. In this section would like to describe the process of generating the truss. The truss
was made from the steel H profile and have difference dimensions. On the longitudinal
steel, they used Steel H profile that have dimension 250mm by 250mm. The formwork
foremen have to creating the truss carefully. The limiting thickness of welding was 7mm.
because the truss was so heavy and difficulty to welding, the formwork foremen have to
spend a lot of time to install one piece of truss.
Figure 10.2: Prepare truss for supporting

transfer beam
Figure 10.3: Welding the truss
Since this transfer beam stood on two columns, they had some difficulties while
installation the support. They came up with the idea installing the truss one piece by one
piece. The truss was so heavy to install and have many bolt connection. The process of
this installation of support have to take a lot of time to finish the whole truss support.
They have to make the truss staying in vertical direction and bolted the joint connection.
This truss have to be installing on each side of column (Figure10.7). When casting
concrete, this support need to be strong enough to support the load.
50 | P a g e
Figure 10.4: Carrying the truss by

Crane for installing the support
Figure 10.6: Putting the truss

on supporting
Figure 10.5: Supporting the

Truss
Figure 10.7: Install other side

of truss
51 | P a g e
Day 11

Form one day to other day, we gained more experience from construction site.
We tried to learn something new from the process of working and site engineer. In the
future as we will become a site engineer, we want to apply our new knowledge in
construction site as well. As part of today, we arrived at construction site around 8:00am.
The whole day 11 concluded the process of tendon strands and the process of preparation
casting concrete on 8th floor in zone 3A.
Since we were internship students, we have never experience the process of
tendon strands. As part of today, we have learnt the process how to tendon strands.
Before the company allowed to tensile the strands, normally they had to test the
compressive strength of concrete. They have their own methods for calculating tendon of
strands. Normally, if compressive strength of concrete reached from 75% to 80% of the
overall, then they allowed to tensioning the cable. In this construction site, they used
compressive strength of concrete was 40 Mpa. If the strength of concrete reached to
31Mpa or 32Mpa, then they can tendon the strands.
In this project, there are 4 expertise engineers who 2 people are from Thailand.
After testing the strength of concrete and the strength of concrete was over 75%, then
they took Hydraulic jack tension strand machine to site. They took the plastic recess
former out from the slab. Then, they started to put anchor head wedges into anchor block.
This anchor head wedges started to caught the strands and kept the strands stable after
tendon. After that, they applied the pressure around 5400psi.
Figure 11.1: Tendon the Strand definition
Figure 11.2: Anchor head wedges
52 | P a g e
Normally, if strength of concrete equal to 75% of overall strength, they should

applied 5100 psi for tension. However, if strength of concrete equal to 80% of overall
strength, they should applied 5400 psi. After this amount of pressure was applied, they
measure the elongation of cable. Before they started applied tensile the strand, they
already calculated the minimum elongation and the maximum elongation. The elongation
of the strand depended on the length of strand. If the length of strands was long, then the
elongation was also long. After they applied pressure 5400 psi on the strands for this
morning, they should reached in between minimum 55mm to maximum 67mm. if they
did not reached to this elongation, they should apply pressure one more time to that
cable.
Figure 11.3: Hydraulic jack machine

for post tension the strands
Figure 11.5: Tendon the strand
Figure 11.4: Taking out the

recess former
Figure 11.6: After tendon the strands

53 | P a g e
After finished tendon the strand in the morning, at the afternoon we went to
Zone 3A on 8th floor. Since we were in this construction site, we never went up to the top
floor of this building. As today we went up to 8th floor. On this floor, the worker have
finished installation the reinforcement of slab and beam. Moreover, the schedule for
casting the concrete was on this afternoon. Today, the weather was not so good. Even
though, there were raining, but they have to finish casting the concrete by today. After we
arrived, we have discussed to site engineer who were working on this zone. He told that
the volume of concrete need to be casted for today was more than 400 m3. Therefore,
they have to take around 10 hours for casting.
Figure 11.7: Post tension strands

along the slab in Zone 3A (8F)
Figure 11.8: Ready for casting in

Zone 3A (8F)
54 | P a g e
Day 12
Monday, July13, 2015

With ambition to learn more in the construction site, we arrive the construction
site at 8:00am. Starting a new week, we continued to visiting the ramp 5 down where we
have left since last Thursday. This construction ramp was took time because they have to
install reinforcement from line 3 to line 7. The whole day 12 concluded with preparation
ramp before casting and casting concrete.
Everyone was very busy for working on this ramp because they will cast
concrete in this afternoon. The process of working was almost done, but there are some
part of construction ramp left also. By arriving the construction site, we visited ramp and
checked the reinforcement where we left last week. For reinforcements team, they
worked with arranging reinforcement of slab at the bottom part of ramp. There are some
worker who working on the formwork of ramp as well. For the last part of ramp, they
need to construct RC wall. Therefore, it took long time for them to prepare the formwork
of wall along the ramp.

formwork of wall for Ramp 5 down
Figure 12.2: Installation the reinforcement

of slab for last part of ramp
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Around 10:00am, we involved with surveyors team. They survey the elevation
top surface of slab on the ramp. This preparation will make worker easily raking in order
to spread concrete out while casting. Since the ramp has slope, therefore it was took long
time to survey the elevation of slab. After that, they started to clean the formwork of ramp
by using air pumping to remove the dust out. There were also some people who working
in this company came to checking the quality of work and processing of work.
Figure 12.3: Using the air pumping machine for cleaning the formwork
Normally, the schedule of casting was at 1:00pm. However, since worker did not
finished their work on time, therefore we have to wait until 3:40pm. The concrete truck
was also late for casting. At 3:40pm, we started to cast the concrete. Before started casting
concrete, Site engineering allow us to do slump test. The slump of concrete was 11.8 cm.
normally, the company order the ready mix concrete which have slump 12mm. the
limitation of slump in this company was 122.5 cm.
Figure 12.4: Do slump test
Figure 12.5: Measure the slump

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The volume of concrete we need to casting around 160 m3. Each truck we need
around 8 min for pumping the concrete up to ramp. After they have finished casted 6
trucks, there was a bit problem on one side of beam. While casting, the support of beam
could not stand very well and made the beam bend. The solution was they stopped casting
on this side of beam but they still continued to casting other side. They took more
supports to support on the bending side of beam. After that, they could continue casting
until 10:00pm.
Figure 12.6: Prepare place for

concrete pumping truck
Figure 12.8: Using vibrator

to vibrated concrete
Figure 12.7: Casting concrete

on ramp 5 down
Figure 12.9: Raking the Concrete

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Day 13
Tuesday, July 14, 2015
With the ambition to gain more experience in construction site, we arrived at the
same time as usual day. Yesterday, the ramp construction was finished casting. The whole
day 13 concluded with curing the concrete of ramp, the detail plan of Rod level in Zone 6
and the arrangement of reinforcement in Zone 3B.
After finished casting concrete of Ramp last night, we visited the Ramp. They were
curing concrete. Curing will keep the concrete under the right temperature and moisture
conditions during the first few day of hardening. If we cure concrete properly, the
concrete will eventually be much harder, and it can resist abrasion much better. They
keep a slab wet with a continuous water spray and the burlap sack for curing. This burlap
sack will cover with water and keep it on slab of ramp. There were some problem also
occurred after casing ramp. Some part of ramp became flatly and other part became bend
then our expectation.
Figure 13.1: Curing the concrete of ramp

After we finished visiting ramp, we went the rod level which located behind the
ramp. For rod level, they almost finished arranging the reinforcement of beam and slab.
We arrived there and started to check reinforcement according to plan detail. There are
some misunderstandings for us while they finished arranging bottom layer
reinforcement of slab. On one part of slab, they arranged differently from reinforcements
plan. Some part of structure, they arrangement reinforcement of slab according to plan.
However, some part of structure they arrange differently from plan. After that, we also
checking reinforcement of beam as well.
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Figure 13.2: Installation

reinforcement of Slab (Rod level)
Figure 13.3: Formwork of rod level
At the afternoon, we visited zone 3B on third floor. They were arranging

reinforcement of slab and beam. They tried to finish the arranging of reinforcement as
soon as possible in order to be casting this evening. There were not much work for us to
do besides checking reinforcement and learning the process of working. We also have
asked to site engineer in this zone as well for the way to arranged reinforcement of slab
and the direction of reinforcement. In this zone, we have leant a new thing how to install
the plastic pipe before casting concrete. The plastic pipe was installed for connection
water pipe as well as the bathroom pipe.
Figure 13.4: Finished arranging

reinforcement of slab in Zone 3B (3F)
Figure 13.5: Installation pipe systems
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Day 14
Today, it is almost half month for our internship program. Sometimes, we have to
check reinforcement of structures, but sometime there are not much work for us to do
unless we visited the whole construction site. The whole day 14 summarize the process
of working in Zone 6.
We visited the Rod level in Zone 6 where we left from yesterday. The worker were
installing the top layer reinforcement of slab. While doing so, there were post tension
cable team who started their works after reinforcements team. The relation of working
between reinforcements team and post tensions team was the reinforcements team
should finished the bottom layer reinforcement of slab and then the post tensions should
install the duct for post tension. However, this process depended on the post tensions
team. If they were busy with their work in other zone, they will install the duct along the
slab after the reinforcements team have finished the top layer of reinforcement slab. In
this morning, the reinforcements team had some obstacles while installing
reinforcement. There were three beams join each other and combine into one beam.
Therefore, they had to take long time for combining those reinforcements and mad into
one beam.
Figure 14.1: Install the post

tension strands (Rod Level)
Figure 14.2: Three beams joint

each other
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There are another problem occurring in this Zone as well. They continue arranging
reinforcement of top layer of slab in wrong direction. I have asked to site manager and he
replied us that the arrangement of reinforcement slab was wrong direction. He continued
to response with us that they arranged reinforcement without looked at wire meshs plan
and he said it was wrong only the area of reinforcement in different direction, but the
working of reinforcement was the same. In this rod level, they used wire mash for
arranging reinforcement of slab. Therefore, I think that it was easy to follow the wire
meshs plan and easily arrange the wire mesh. My point of view on this rod level was that
site engineer in this zone did not always visit rod level. Sometimes, they could arrange
the reinforcement according to what their thought. Moreover, I think that the direction
of reinforcement slab was really important. What if the worker was arranging all wire
mesh in wrong direction? Will they allow to cast the concrete? Who will responsible for
structure after casting?
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Day 15
With ambitious to learn more from construction site, the time arriving were the
same as usual. Since we were in this construction site more than 2 weeks, therefore there
were not new thing for us to learn besides gain more experience on the same thing. The
whole day 15 concluded the tendon strand and using Sika latex to improve connection of
concrete
Last time, I already involved with tendon cables team. However, it was not clearly
understand because there were a little cable to tendon and I were not able to ask the
expertise engineer. Starting in the morning with objective to gain more experience on
tendon strands, I arrived the construction site at 8:00am. With some guideline from
tendons engineer, I went to 8th floor on Zone3A. The beam and slab was casted since last
Friday. It was almost 5 days after casting concrete. After they have finished do
compressive strength of concrete, the result show that the worker could tendon the
strands. Therefore, tendon engineer order his teammate to this Zone for working on
tendon the strands. In each beam, there were 50 strands and they have to take whole
morning to tendon one beam. However, since the worker had more experience for
tendon, they took around 2 hours for one beam. After they put the starting button, they
have at least 2min to get 5400 psi. After that, when the watch showed 5400psi, they have
to release the hydraulic jack and started tendon a new strand. In the machine, they could
not tensile the strand more than 5400 psi because the machine already fixed with this
amount of stress.
Figure 15.1: Tendon the Strands
Figure 15.2: Tensile 5400 psi

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There were dangerous part as well while tensile the strands. Sometimes while
tendon the strand, it could cut off one piece of strand. If the worker was not enough
experience on cutting off one piece of cable and they continued to tensile more, they could
be in danger. The hydraulic jack could caught strongly the strands. Therefore, the
hydraulic jack will through away and could make someone dangerous when they stand
in front of cable. Therefore, there were cautious while tensile the cable.
At the afternoon, I have visited the construction ramp which already casted. On
ramp, they worked on installation the wall while standing on the ramp. Before they casted
the wall, they arrange the reinforcement for making wall. In this afternoon, I have learnt
the new thing for casting wall. They used Sika latex putting on the finished casting
concrete for ramp. This Sika latex is a high quality emulsion that substantially improve
the qualities of cement mortar in applications such as thin layer patching mortars, floors
screeds, concrete repair mortars and masonry mortars. Moreover, Sika latex is simple
added to the mixing water to provide the extremely food adhesion, reduce shrinkage,
greater flexibility, excellent water resistance, and ready for use. After they have used Sika
latex, they could casted the new concrete for making wall on ramp. During that time, they
used crane to carry the concrete from ready-mix concrete truck to ramp.
Figure 15.3: Sika Latex
Figure15.4: Putting Sika Latex Figure15.5: Using Crane for

on old Concrete
casting concrete
63 | P a g e
Day 16
With motivation to gain more knowledge, I arrived the construction site at

8:00am. Transfer Beam is one of most popular and critical part in this construction site.
The whole Day 16 summarize with the arrangement stirrup for Transfer Beam.
In this construction, there will be a lot of transfer beams will be constructed. However,
this transfer beam was the first huge beam for this construction project. Therefore, it was
the interesting part for most of site engineers and other internship students visiting.
Today, it was 3rd day for arranging stirrup of transfer beam. There were 10 workers who
working on this beam.
I will discuss the function of transfer beam and how transfer beam differ from
standard beam. A transfer beam carries the load of an especially heavy load, especially
column. It used to transfer the load of column above two separate columns below.
However, it was differ from standard beam. Standard beam was element of structure that
carry load from slab and transmit load to column. We often see transfer beam in tall
building. For example, they constructed the parking lot of ramp in lower level and
residential or office on the upper level. A transfer beam with long span like this will tend
to deflect or even worse fails. Analysis has to be conducted to study the behavior of this
beam in order to avoid failure and minimize deflection over tolerable limit.
Figure 16.1: Example of transfer beam in this

construction site
Figure 16.2: Finished install the outside

stirrup of transfer beam (Side View)
64 | P a g e
Figure 16.3: Finished install the outside

stirrup of transfer beam (Other Side View)
Figure 16.4: Reinforcement of column

inside the transfer beam
As well as in the morning, I have meet to project manager. He explained me for the
process of working on transfer beam and the purpose for this construction transfer beam.
This transfer beam will support a new column in the middle of beam. It stands on two
column below which one of column will be released according to reinforcement plan. He
said that the owner maybe wanted to construct only supermarket for the first time. After
that, he has changed his mind to construct hotel behind the supermarket. Therefore, the
designer started to design this transfer beam and create another new column for
supporting the structure. The designer already consider how the structure works and the
supporting of transfer beam could support the new column. Since there will be hotel
behind the supermarket, therefore there will a lot of transfer beam construction.
65 | P a g e
Day 17
Saturday, July 18, 2015
Construction site is the process of creating and building infrastructure or a facility.

The process of working in construction site is improving every day. As internship
students, we learn the way to construct building and the process of working. As usual
day, we arrived the construction site at 8:00am. The whole day 17 concluded the process
of working on transfer beam where we left since yesterday and the casting concrete at
Rod Level.
Since transfer beam was a critical part of construction site, we want to learn the
process of construction transfer beam where we left from yesterday. There were one subcontractor team who responsible for arranging the reinforcements. In this team, there
were 10 workers who working on installation the inside stirrup of the beam. While doing
so, there were a problem occurring for workers. They were difficult to install the stirrup
of beam inside the column because the spacing of column was very crowded. I want to
mention that the stirrup of transfer was installed into two part. They have to install from
bottom part and the top part of transfer beam. These two stirrup will lap each other and
create one big stirrup. Today was day 4th for installing reinforcement of transfer beam.
However, there were a renew reinforcements plan. Therefore, they need to change some
part of reinforcement that they have already finished installation.
Figure 17.1: The spacing between inside

and outside stirrup
Figure 17.2: The bottom stirrup inside

the transfer beam
66 | P a g e
In the afternoon, Rod Level was ready to casted. They have finished the arranging
reinforcements. At 2:00 pm, the concrete pumping truck has arrived and prepared for
casting. Starting from 1:00 pm, they cleaned the waste on the formwork and checking the
support of formwork. At 3:30pm, the first truck has arrived and they started to cast
concrete. After they have confirmed for casting, the site engineer ordered to casting
concrete inside the beam first. The technic for casting was that they casted only half
height of beam. Therefore, the worker was easy to using the vibrator to fully vibrate along
beam. When they started to cast only half of height of beam, the supporter of formwork
could strand very well to support weight of beam. However, if they tried to finish casting
only one time, they will face some problems such as the breaking support, and difficult to
use vibrator. The command problem while casting beam was the slump of concrete was
too small. Normally, the company allowed the concrete mixer company to produce
concrete which have compressive strength 40Mpa and slump was 12mm. However, the
slump of concrete for casting today was below the expectation. Therefore, it was difficult
to cast the concrete to go inside the beam. Moreover, the worker was difficult to use
vibrator. Therefore, the site engineer told to concrete mixer to add more water to moist
in order to slump was a bit high and easily for casting.
Figure 17.3: Starting for casting the

concrete
Figure 17.4: Casting concrete along

beam
67 | P a g e
Day 18
Even through from one day to other day there were not something new that we
could learn, but we tried to gain more experience from site. We are the university
students who only learn the theory but never have practical experience at construction
site. Therefore, those new experiences could help us to learn reinforce concrete course
next year very well. Furthermore, we could apply those experiences when we become a
real site engineer. Starting with the new week, I arrived the construction site at 8:00am.
The whole day 18 concluded the changing place of longitudinal reinforcement along
transfer beam and the arranging duct along transfer beam.
After I arrived to construction site, the first structure I would like to visit was the
transfer beam. Transfer beam is one of the most critical structure, and I never have
experience for arranging reinforcement huge structure like transfer beam. Since
yesterday night, the worker has already arranged the longitudinal reinforcement.
However, they arranged reinforcement in wrong place through the column. Therefore,
our site manager came to transfer beam and explained the changing place of longitudinal
reinforcement. This changing of longitudinal reinforcement was very difficult for worker
because the spacing of longitudinal reinforcement of column was very crowded.
Therefore, they need to spend fully morning to change place of reinforcement. Before our
supervisor left, he wanted we should took a note and discussed to site engineer when
there were a problem.
Figure 18.1: The wrong longitudinal

reinforcement at bottom layer transfer beam
Figure 18.2: The changing

longitudinal reinforcement
68 | P a g e
At the afternoon, the post tensions team have arrived. They started their work
with installing the anchorage block of cable. Because of spacing reinforcement inside the
transfer was crowd, therefore they have to take some time for installation the anchorage
block. In this transfer beam, there were 12 anchorage block and each anchorage block
sustain 31 strands. It was the first time for post tension engineer to install 31 strands
inside the ducts. The process of working between the post tensions team and
reinforcements team have their own relationship. Sometime, reinforcements team have
to wait post tensions team to finish their work first and then they could install the
reinforcement. While at same time, reinforcements team were working on arranging top
stirrup. When they installed the top stirrup, it was difficult for post tensions team to
install the duct inside transfer beam. The process of working for reinforcement team
seem to be a bit slow run out of time because of revising reinforcements plan.
Figure 18.3: Spring installed inside the

anchorage block
Figure 18.4: Installation the anchorage

block
69 | P a g e
Day 19
With ambition to gain more experience in construction site, I arrived at 8:00pm.

From starting internship program until new, we have learnt many new things that we
never have experience before. As the internship students, we have found positive point
and negative point during the constructing each structure. Starting with new day, the
whole day 19 concluded the same as Day 18, but I have learnt another new technic for
casting column on the second floor in Zone 7.
In the morning, I arrived to transfer beam where everyone have visited. The
process of working was the same as yesterday. The worker still worked on installation of
top longitudinal reinforcement of transfer beam. There are some obstacles while
installation reinforcement. They took whole morning for installing only half part of top
reinforcement. After new plan have revised, there were two purpose of install transfer
beam. The main idea was to create a new column and release one column which stand at
the end of transfer beam. Other idea was that on the top surface of beam they had to
creating slope. The different of slope on the top surface was 20cm. They create this slope
only haft part of beam and other part was equal side. The ramp will through into the top
layer of transfer beam when they constructed on the third floor. For other part of beam,
they will connect with reinforcement of slab. Therefore, there were different
reinforcement using for slope side and equal side.
Figure 19.1: The difference between

the slope side and equal side
Figure 19.2: Installation the longitudinal

reinforcement for the top layer of transfer beam
70 | P a g e
In the afternoon, I have learnt a new technic for casting column. Today, there were
two zones which ready to casting the column. However, the columns had different
dimension in those zones. On second floor of Zone 3B, most of columns had dimension
80cm by 80cm. However, most of columns had dimension 1.2m by 1.8m on second floor
of Zone 7. I have visited to Zone 7 where there were a lot of big columns. There were only
5 columns for casting today. At 4:00pm, they was ready for casting column and the
concrete pumping truck have arrived. In each column, they need to spend at least one
hour for casting. When casting around 0.5m from bottom surface of column, they have to
use vibrator to vibrate around the column. They need to be careful while using vibrator.
Sometimes, it could make the spannschraube breaking. The function of spannschraube
kept the formwork of column stay strong after casting. It is really important for site
engineer to control the formwork of column as well. Sometimes, it will break the
formwork while casting. Lastly, the worker need to be careful with level of top surface of
column. The surveyor already survey the top surface of column. Therefore, while casting
concrete, they could cast until the limit level or 5mm below the limit level. When they cast
above the limit level, it was difficult for them install reinforcement of slab.
Figure 19.3: Spannschraube for

installing the formwork
Figure 19.4: Casting the concrete of

column in Zone 7(2F)
71 | P a g e
Day 20
As the internship student, I arrived the construction site at 8:00am. Even though,
there were not many new thing to learn, we tried very hard to learn the same thing in
order to gain more experiences in site. The whole day 20 concluded tendon in Zone 3A
and continue process of working in transfer beam.
After getting the advice from Post Tension Engineer yesterday, this morning I
came with post tension group to second floor at Zone 3A. This floor was casted almost
one week ago. Today, it was third time for me to learn how they worked with tendon the
strands. Since there were the same thing as I have learnt before, but today I have learn
another new technique for how using hydraulic jack machine. Furthermore, I have
involved with note the data of elongation for tensile strands. There was one Thailand
engineer who always denoted the data. After Post tension group finished tensile the
strand, he need to measure the elongation of strand. When the elongation of strand was
not enough according to limiting of company, he order his teammate to tensile the strand
again. Lastly, I have learn to tensile the strand. When tensile the strand, they need to
tensile according to order of company. If there were 5 strands in one duct, they need to
tensile the side strand first and then the one after the side stand and so on.
Figure 20.1: Description of length and

elongation of strands
Figure 20.2: Order for tendon the

strands
72 | P a g e
In the afternoon, I went to visiting the transfer beam. Since I were an internship
students in this construction site, transfer beam was the one structure I would like to
learn the process of working since the starting of installation of formwork until the end
of casting. As part of today, the installing reinforcement of top layer for transfer beam
was almost finished, but there were left some part where they need to finish for
tomorrow. Since the post tensions team and reinforcements team need to work
together, therefore reinforcements team need to wait post tensions team to finished
their work first. For post tensions team, they tried to finish their works for putting the
stand into the duct, but they would not able to finish by this evening. Even though the
ducts have diameter 120mm, there would not be easy for them to put the strand inside
the duct. Because of the ducts have different elevation in transfer beam, therefore the
strands had to be flexible for putting inside the duct. Moreover, they have to put one piece
of stands per one time. When they finished putting the strands inside the duct, they have
wired the dead-end part of strand. They have some techniques for installation the deadend part.
Figure 20.3: The diameter of duct was 120mm
Figure 20.4: Installation of dead-end part

of strand inside the beam
73 | P a g e
Day 21
Transfer beam was the critical structure that I never have experience before. I
have learnt the process of working for transfer beam since beginning of construction.
With motivation to learning about transfer beam, I arrived as usual day at 8:00am. As part
of day, transfer beam has been finished installation reinforcement. The whole day 21
summarized with installation the side of formwork and concreted cover of transfer beam.
In the morning, I arrived to transfer beam and reviewed the plan of transfer beam.
There were only 5 workers who working on this transfer beam, and other worker has
been reduced to working on the ramp structure. While arriving the beam, the worker
were working on tie the concrete block for making the concrete cover of transfer beam.
Since this beam has large dimension, therefore they have to tie a lot of concrete blocks.
The concrete cover will keep the spacing between reinforcement of beam and the
formwork. The spacing of concrete cover was 30mm. As part of today, the post tensions
team have finished their work with installation the strands inside duct. Moreover, there
were some workers who belong to post tensions team still working on checking the
elevation of ducts and checking the anchorage block.
Figure 21.1: Installation the concrete block
Figure 21.2: The anchorage block

after installation
74 | P a g e
In the afternoon, the reinforcement works was almost done. Therefore, they
continued to install the formwork of beam. They started to install only the half side of
beam. While installation the formwork, they need to keep the formwork of transfer beam
staying in vertical direction. On one side of formwork, there were 4 pieces of formwork.
Therefore, they need to install one piece by one piece. Since the formwork was heavy,
therefore they need a crane to carry the formwork to transfer beam. They have to spend
their time for wielding the piece of formwork as well. After that, they have to check the
vertical direction of formwork.
Figure 21.3: Crane transfer the formwork

to transfer beam
Figure 21.4: Installation the formwork

of transfer beam
75 | P a g e
Day 22
Since yesterday, the worker have worked on the installation the side formwork of
transfer beam. As part of today, I continued to visit the transfer beam to learn about the
process of working after the installation reinforcement have been finished. The whole
day 22 concluded with installation of side formwork of transfer beam and continued
installation reinforcement bars at ramp 5.
One side of transfer beam was finished installation the side formwork. As part of
today, the worker continued working on installation of other side formwork. They had to
use the crane to carry the formwork from one place to transfer beam. The crane had to
carry the formwork to become vertical direction. Because of the side of formwork was so
heavy, therefore the crane was very helpful for carrying the formwork. While the crane
carrying the formwork to transfer beam, the workers prepared the welding machine in
order to weld the formwork become vertical. They continued to install other piece of
formwork until the end of one side transfer beam.
Figure 22.1: Install the in front of side

of formwork
Figure 22.2: Welding the side of

formwork
76 | P a g e
After each side of transfer beam have been finished installation the formwork,
they continued welding the steel pipe and made the raking shores for the formwork. The
raking shores is the inclined member known as rakers are used to support temporarily
an unsafe structure. They had to make a lot raking shores of formwork in order to keep
the formwork vertically. More importantly, these raking shore of formwork will support
the formwork stay in vertically when the casting of concrete. The raking shore of
formwork for transfer beam, they have three layer of shore in one places. Therefore, the
worker had to spend a lot of time for welding the raking shore.
Figure 22.3: Installing three layer

of raking shores
Figure 22.4: After finish installation

raking shores
Since, the process of working at transfer beam was the same for the afternoon. I
went to visit the ramp 5 up construction. This ramp have stopped constructing since I
have started internship program here. One sub-contractor were divided into two. First
team, the worker were working on wilding the raking shore for the formwork of transfer
beam. Meanwhile, the transfer beam was delayed the schedule for casting to next week,
therefore there were not many workers working on transfer beam. Other team, they were
working on installation reinforcement of beam for ramp construction. There were also
some worker who working on installation formwork of ramp.
77 | P a g e
Day 23
As the internship student, I arrived at construction site at 8:00am with motivation

to gain more experience. The whole day 23 summarized the process of working
installation foundation of crane and casting concrete of transfer beam.
By starting a new week, I went to the transfer beam where I have left since
Saturday. The worker have already finished installation of reinforcement of column
which this column had to create on the transfer beam. As I have already mentioned, this
column has dimension 1.2m wide by 1.8m long. For arranging longitudinal reinforcement
of column, they meet some obstacles which the spacing of transfer beam was too crowd.
Therefore, they took a lot of time spending for longitudinal reinforcement. Moreover,
they have already install the formwork with a lot of braces. These braces helped the
structure stay in vertical direction while casting.
Figure 23.1: Formwork definition
Figure 23.2: Installation the wire

ties in transfer beam
78 | P a g e
In the morning, our supervisor have arrived to transfer beam. He checked the
reinforcement of new column and the axis of column as well. He found that there were
some problem which the installation of longitudinal reinforcement of column had space
as same as in reinforcements plan. Moreover, he was thinking how to keep the
longitudinal reinforcement in vertical direction. He want the worker to welding steel tube
with reinforcement of column. After that, he talked to site engineer about the formwork
of transfer beam. They need to be careful about formwork. The worker should install a
lot of wire ties in order to keep the formwork to be strong.
Figure 23.3: Longitudinal

reinforcement of new column
Figure 23.4: Welding the steel tube

with reinforcement of column
At 10: 00pm, there were a driven pile constructing for foundation of crane. Since
there were a lot of structures in zone 6, they have to change place for crane in order to
easily transfer the equipment from one place to other. There were 9 plies need to be
installed to make foundation of crane. Each location of pile was already surveyed by
surveyors team.
79 | P a g e
Figure 23.5: Carrying the driven pipe
Figure 23.6: Installing the driven pipe
In the afternoon, the formwork of transfer beam was finished and ready for
casting. After Site Engineer confirmed the schedule for casting, they started to cast the
concrete at 4:00 pm. The overall volume concrete for casting was 96m3. However, today
they casted only 45m3 which has high 1.3m from the bottom of transfer beam.
Tomorrow, they will continue casted more concrete for second time. Before casting, Site
Engineer ordered to worker to release all the supports below the transfer beam and kept
using truss for supporting the weight of transfer beam. The reason of releasing the
supports was that he wanted the load of transfer beam transfer from the truss directly to
column supporting.
Figure 23.7: Release the support

below the truss
Figure 23.8: First Casting for transfer

80 | P a g e
beam
Day 24
As usual day, I arrived to construction site at 8:00am. There were not much new
work that I could learn and gain experience beside learn the same thing. The whole day
25 concluded with the process of working for ramp construction and continued casting
of transfer beam for second time.
In the morning, I arrived to ramp construction. This ramp was stopped
construction since we have started our works as internships student. While I arriving,
the worker were working on longitudinal reinforcement of beam. Normally, beam of
ramp had dimension 1.5m wide by 0.6m height. Therefore, there were a lot of
reinforcement beam that they have to install. There were some workers who worked on
installation of formwork of ramp. This construction did not have many obstacles
occurring. The process of working on the construction ramp seem to be a bit slow because
there were only 8 worker working on this ramp. Moreover, the schedule of this ramp did
not hurry up to casting like other structures.

formwork of Ramp 5
Figure 24.2: Finished installation the

reinforcement of beam (line 2-3)
81 | P a g e
In the afternoon, the transfer was prepare for second time casting. This time they
have to casting 34m3 more. However, this amount of casting was not full the whole
transfer beam. This transfer beam was prepare to casted 3rd times. The third time of
casting will be hold with beam construction and slab on third floor in Zone 5A. Before
casting, they used sika latex to improve the quality of concrete and help for connection of
new casting with old concrete. While casting, there were surveys team who working on
survey the deflection of support of transfer beam. After they survey, the result show that
the deflection was 2mm.
Figure 24.3: Casting concrete for second

times (transfer beam)
Figure 24.4: After finished casting the

second times (transfer beam)
82 | P a g e
Day 25
Today, it was nearly end of our internship program. We tried to gain new
experiences and techniques from construction site. As usual day, I arrived at construction
site at 8:00 am. The whole day 25 concluded with the arranging reinforcement rebar for
construction ramp 5 and the formwork of ramp.
In the morning, I arrived to construction site with visiting ramp. Before coming
directly to ramp, I have visited transfer beam. After finished 2nd time casting at transfer
beam, now the worker were working on the curing of transfer beam. After that, I
continued visiting ramp 5 with motivation to learn the process of working and gain more
experience. The worker were working on the arranging reinforcement of beam.
according to reinforcement s plan, they had to use reinforcement with 25 and spacing
155mm for installation in each layer of reinforcement beam. As the internship student,
what we could do in construction was checking reinforcement rebar according to
reinforcements plan. After checking, I could see that the installation reinforcement of
beam was correct. The lapping of reinforcement was really important that we should
check and learn how to lapping reinforcement. Moreover, as part of today I could learn
how to arranging reinforcement rebar while meeting obstacles.
Figure 25.1: 10 reinforcements in each

layer of beam
Figure 25.2: the lapping between settle

bar and reinforcement beam
83 | P a g e
In the afternoon, the worker continued their works with the installation bottom
layer reinforcement of slab at ramp. They used 12 for arranging reinforcement of slab
at ramp with spacing 100mm. the installation reinforcement of bottom layer slab did not
meet obstacle. They followed according to reinforcements plan and then installation the
reinforcement slab. Therefore, installation the bottom reinforcement of slab did not take
much time.
Figure 25.3: The finishing bottom

reinforcement of slab
Figure25.4: The lapping of bottom layer

reinforcement of slab with reinforcement of beam
84 | P a g e
Day 26
Since we were working here as internship student, most of construction ramp we

have visited. Construction Ramp was the critical structure if we compare to other
structure like slab, column, and beam. There were slope of ramp that make the elevation
ramp differently. Therefore, the worker have to follow the elevation of ramp for
constructing the shoring. As part of today, I have visited to ramp 5 with some new
learning how to exchange spacing of reinforcement when there were not enough the
needs of reinforcement. The whole day 26 concluded with the process of working at ramp
5 construction.
In the morning, I arrived to construction site at 8:00am with motivation to learn
new thing. After I have arrived to site, I visited to construction ramp. The worker were
working on arranging reinforcement rebar for the top layer of slabs ramp. There were
some workers who worked on installation the formwork of beam along the ramp. The
installation of formwork beam needed to be careful because the ramp has slope.
Therefore, they had to follow the line of slope from the top ramp to bottom ramp.
Figure 26.1: Installation the top layer

reinforcement of slab with 10@65
Figure 26.2: After finishing installation the

top layer of reinforcement slab (line 2-3)
85 | P a g e
Today, I have learnt a new thing how to exchange reinforcement from the
construction ramp. Normally, they had to use 12 and spacing 100mm for arranging
reinforcement of slab. However, they converted to used 10 and spacing 65mm because
they do not have enough reinforcement 12 in stock. My point of view from this
exchange reinforcement was it took a lot of time to install 10 for reinforcement slab.
We almost spent 2 times compare to arranging reinforcement 12. However, it was good
when we do not have 12 for arranging reinforcement. If we had to wait until the
arriving 12 in the stock, therefore it also took a lot of time to waiting. Lastly, I concerned
about the spacing of reinforcement. When we used 10 with spacing 65 mm, therefore
it was difficult to use vibrator while casting. Sometime, there will be honeycomb in
reinforcement of slab.
86 | P a g e
Day 27
As usual day, I went to visited ramp construction where I have learnt the process
of working in this construction since the beginning. As part of today, the whole day 27
concluded with installation concrete cover for ramp and the surveying top surface of slab.
At the afternoon, I arrived to construction ramp where I have already visited since the
beginning of structure. In this morning, there were three teams who working on this
ramp. First team was reinforcement team who finished installing reinforcement the top
layer of slab. In this afternoon, they were working on putting concrete block at the bottom
layer of slab. The function of these concrete blocks was for concrete cover. They had to
install a lot of concretes cover in order to keep distance from reinforcement bars to
bottom surface of slab.
In this section, I would like to describe the advantages and function of concrete
cover. The minimum thickness of reinforcement cover shall be obtained from the relevant
code of practice. Moreover, the thickness of cover depends on environmental conditions
and types of structural member. The three main functions of concrete cover was to
protect the rebar from environmental effects to prevent their corrosion, to provide
thermal insulation and protects the reinforcement bars from fire, to give reinforcing bars
sufficient embedding to enable them to be stressed without slipping.

concrete block
Figure 27.2: After finished

install the duct inside the slab
87 | P a g e
I have already mentioned that the relationship of post tensions team and
reinforcements team while working on the same structure. Sometimes the post tensions
team have started their work after the reinforcements team have finished installation
the bottom layer of reinforcement slab. However, since the post tensions team were busy
with other structure, therefore the post tensions team have started their work after the
reinforcements team have finished the top layer of reinforcement slab. The second team
were working on the installation post tension strands. They have started their work since
yesterday, but there were only 5 stands left for installation Because of tomorrow morning
they have to cast concrete, therefore everyone must to finish their work by this afternoon.
While everyone were busy working on this ramp, third team were working on surveying
the top layer of slab ramp (Figure). The surveyor need to be careful on the elevation of
ramp for casting concrete. If their works were wrong with the elevation of ramp,
therefore the ramp will bend or curve after casting concrete.
As most of work have been finished on this ramp, then I continued visiting the
installation of reinforcement for foundation of crane near the construction ramp as well.
This foundation of crane was located in zone 6. The detail of foundation was installed 9
driven piles. After I arrived, the bottom reinforcement of foundation was finished
installation. Therefore, they were working on the welding the truss of crane. This truss of
crane will be casted with foundation.
Figure 27.3: Install the top layer

reinforcement of foundation
Figure 27.4: The truss of crane

inside the foundation
88 | P a g e
Day 28
Saturday, August 01, 2015
Starting a new month with motivation to learn the process of construction site, I
arrived to construction site at 8:00am. From day to day, the process of working at
construction was going well. Sometime, the schedule of casting was delayed before the
installation of reinforcement was not finished on time. As part of today, the whole day 28
summarized with preparation before casting and during casting at ramp 5.
As schedule for casting, they have to cast the concrete at 10:00 am. During this
week, the weather was not so good and there were a lot of raining since afternoon.
Therefore, they have to casted the concrete a bit early compare to previous casting. The
installation of reinforcement bars was already finished since yesterday. Therefore, the
worker were working on cleaning the formwork of ramp by use air pumping machine.
Before laying concrete, the formwork should be cleaned of all rubbish particularly the
sawdust saving and chipping. While they finished cleaning the formwork, they continued
to working on installation the steel profile V on the top surface of ramp. These steels have
function for making the top surface of ramp smooth after casting concrete. Moreover,
they was easy to floating the top surface of ramp.
Figure 28.1: Prepare for casting (Ramp5)
89 | P a g e
At 10:30 am, the concrete pump truck have arrived to construction site. They
prepared the place for concrete pump truck. After everything have been done, they
started to cast the concrete. During the casting, they used two vibrators to vibrate to
concrete. It was a bit difficult for casting because the spacing of reinforcement slab was
crowd. After finished casting, they have to wait until the concrete was a little bit dry. Then
they used the Power Trowel for making the top surface of slab become smooth.
Figure 28.2: Floating the top surface of

slab using steel tube
Figure 28.3: A power trowel is used to create a

very smooth Surface on the concrete
90 | P a g e
Day 29
Monday, August, 2015
After the ramp construction has been finished casting since last Saturday, there
were not much work to do. As part of today, I went to Zone 5A on third floor. The whole
day 29 concluded with installing reinforcement of beam and formwork in Zone 5A.
I arrived to construction site at 8:00am with incentive to gain more knowledge. At
Zone 5A on 3rd floor, the worker were working on installation reinforcement of beam.
Most of reinforcement was finished to install. This zone was took a bit long to install
reinforcement because they have to wait for finish casting the transfer beam. Moreover,
the worker were working on installation the formwork of slab. This formwork of slab and
beam will connect to transfer beam that already casted. Therefore, they have to be careful
to install the formwork.
Figure 29.1: Reinforcement of slab connected with

reinforcement of transfer beam (Zone 5A)
91 | P a g e
While installation the formwork, there were other team who working on
installation reinforcement of beam. They met some obstacle while install reinforcement.
The longitudinal reinforcement of beam have to install inside the column. Therefore, the
spacing of reinforcement of column was not enough to allow the longitudinal
reinforcement of beam to go inside.
Figure 29.2: Installation formwork

of beam (Zone 5A)
Figure 29.3: Finished installation some

part reinforcements of slab (Zone 5A)
92 | P a g e
Day 30
Tuesday, August 04, 2015
Today, it was my last day for official internship in this construction site. I hope that what
I could learn from the beginning will apply those knowledge to construction site. The
whole day 30 concluded with installing reinforcement of column at Zone 6.
Even though today it was my last day for official internship, I still arrived to site with
motivation to learn new technique. After I arrived, the worker were working on
installation reinforcement of column. There were 6 columns that they have to install
reinforcement bars. These six columns had to hurry up to install because these columns
had to supports transfer beams. Therefore, the worker have to finished install
reinforcement as soon as possible.
Figure 30.1: The column have to

support transfer beam
Figure 30.2: Reinforcement of column

after finished installation
93 | P a g e
Although, they had to finish installation the longitudinal reinforcement as possible, but
they also face some obstacles. Some columns has been finished casting for the first floor,
therefore they have to carry the reinforcement up to 2nd floor by hand. Moreover, there
were too much reinforcement in one column. Because those column will support the
transfer beam, therefore there will be reinforcement of support transfer beam inside the
column. These six column will not be casted at the same day. Three column will be casted
first and other three will be casted in the other day. Each three column will support one
transfer beam.
Figure 30.3: Reinforcement of support

transfer beam inside the column
Figure 30.4: Installation the formwork of

column
94 | P a g e
Conclusion
In conclusion, with one month of internship program, we have learnt a lot from
construction site. I have more new knowledge, skills and met a lot of people.
With three year of theoretical knowledge, we have applied those knowledge
during the internship. I experienced working as quality controller who checked every
work of concrete work. The quality of work is really important in construction site,
however I have learnt how to solve the obstacles while working at construction site.
Moreover, I have learnt about how to manage the construction site and how to deal with
workers. In addition, I have experience on how to use Sika Latex for improving the quality
of concrete and the using of Sika grout for improving the honeycomb. Besides practicing
with theories from university, I learnt more skills such as teamwork skill and
communication skill. In order the works have to finish on time, the teamwork is really
important. In construction site, I have worked with site engineer, surveyor, quality
controller, and others. With those works, I have made a good relationship that could help
easily to learn the process of works from them.
To sum up, I got new experience from doing internship. It helps me not only easily
to learn the related course in next year but also easily practicing for future professional
career. I will apply those knowledge that I got from internship program to future career.
95 | P a g e
References
About CK&A. (n.d.). CK&A company: CK&A, Retrieved June 25, 2014, from
http://ckna.com.sg/index.html
Mary Bordner Tanck (Apr, 2014). Pour Strips and Constructability: structuremag,
Retrieved June 30, 2012, from
http://www.structuremag.org/?p=1869
ASTM A1064 (n.d). Standard Specification for Welded Wire Reinforcement: astm.org,
Retrieved July 03, 2015, from
http://www.astm.org/Standards/A1064.htm
Tree Island steel (n.d). Welded wire mesh (WWS): Tree Island steel, Retrieved July 03,
2015, from
http://www.treeisland.com/construction/concretereinforcement/reinforcing-mesh
Welded wire mesh (WWS): Wiki, Retrieved July 03, 2015, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welded_wire_mesh
PCA (n.d). Curing: cement.org, Retrieved July 08, 2015, from
http://www.cement.org/cement-concrete-basics/working-withconcrete/curing
Slide Share (n.d). Design of reinforced concrete slab: Slide Share.net, Retrieved July 15,
2015, from
http://www.slideshare.net/MatNik1/reinforced-slab
The constructor civil engineering home (n.d). Reinforcement detailing of RCC slabs:
theconstructor.org, Retrieved July 15, 2015, from
http://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/reinforcement-detailing-ofrcc-slabs/8269/
96 | P a g e

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1. The Detail of developer project

Here are the overall details of the project:

Figure 1: Parkson in Phnom Penh

The new shopping, lifestyle, and family entertainment destination in

1. Ramp 5 construction. 2. Location of Ramp 5. 3. Settle bar. 4.

Name of the department:

Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B)

Name of the department:

Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B)

1. The process of curing in Zone 7(2F) after casting. 2. The

Name of the department:

Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B)

1. The process of installation the post tension strands (Rod

1. The function of transfer beam and how transfer beam

1. The process of installation reinforcement for transfer beam.

Name of the department:

Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B)

1. The process of tendon in Zone 3A (2F). 2. Denote the

1. Installation the concrete block of transfer beam. 2.

Name of the department:

Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B)

1. Installation the concrete cover for ramp. 2. Survey the top

Name of the department:

Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B)

Name of the department:

Mr. DAN DALO (Site Manger Block B)

Thursday, June 25, 2015

1. Information about the designer and architecture of project

Figure 1.1: Parkson, Phnom Penh

Figure 1.2: The Bridge of Cambodia

2. The Pile Cap V

Figure 1.3: Last Three Pile Caps

Figure 1.4: Install the horizontal

Figure 1.6: Reinforcement of bore pile

Figure 1.5: Welding Steel pipes for

Figure 1.7: Longitudinal reinforcement bars

Figure 1.8: Slump Test

Friday, June 26, 2015

Figure 2.2: First Concrete Casting for Ramp 5

Figure 2.2: Settle Bar

Figure 2.3: Settle bar connected with

Figure 2.4: Installation the DeadEnd of Strand

Figure 2.6: Prepare putting the strand

Figure 2.5: Installation of

Figure 2.7: The Anchorage block with

Figure 2.8: Reinforcement's Plan of Slab

Figure 2.9: Bottom layer of

Figure 2.10: Reinforcement of Beam

Monday, June 29, 2015

Figure 3.1: 2F to 3F Column in Zone 5

Figure 3.2: Reinforcement plan of column C4/R1

Figure 3.3: Cut section of column C4/R1

Figure 3.4: Using Coupler for Connecting

Figure 3.5: Coupler for 40

After we had learnt column reinforcements plan, we checked longitudinal rebar

Figure 3.6: Install longitudinal

Figure 3.7: Tight reinforcement

Figure 3.8: Install the outside

Figure 3.9: Install the inside

Tuesday, June 30, 2015

Figure 4.1: Install the inside stirrup of

Figure 4.2: Pour Strip in Zone 5 (2F)

Figure 4.3: The connecting