1

Example 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2
21 2
22
0 Subnet

One bit masking is Invalid, You are not getting any

networks when you convert 1 host bit to network bit.

HELP

Example 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2
27 2
128 2
126 Subnet

No. of Host
= 2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 21 2
= 2 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet
In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 7 host bit to network bit.

HELP

Example 3
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2
28 2
256 2
254 Subnet

No. of Host
= 2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 20 2
= 0 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet
In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 8 host bit to network bit.

HELP

Requirement of Hosts is 40 ?
Example 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
No. of Host
= 2h 2 Req. of Host
= 26 2 40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 64 2
= 62 Hosts/Subnet
No. of Subnet
=
=
=
=

2n 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)

22 2
42
2 Subnet

HELP

Example 1 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
2
Host
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
255.
192
2
Subnet
&
62
Hosts/Subnet
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4

11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range

192.168.1.63
x
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.64
to
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64
to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64

192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to
to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.191
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192

192.168.1.255 x

Requirement of Hosts is 2 ?
Example 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
No. of Host
= 2h 2 Req. of Host
= 22 2 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 42
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
No. of Subnet
=
=
=
=

2n 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)

26 2
64 2
62 Subnet

HELP

Example 2 (Continued)
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.

252

1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100

.
.
.
Range of Networks
Network ID

192.168.1.0
192.168.1.4

192.168.1.8

192.168.1.12

192.168.1.248
192.168.1.252

Broadcast ID
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.7
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.15

192.168.1.251
192.168.1.255 x

Valid Subnets

Cisco / Notation
Example 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/29
Extra Network Bits = 29 24 = 5
Put n value = 5
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2
25 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
32 2
30 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
23 2
82
6 Hosts/Subnet

HELP

Example 1 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
5
Host
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
255.
248
30
Subnet
&
6
Hosts/Subnet
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range
x

192.168.1.7
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.8
to
192.168.1.15
to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.8 192.168.1.8

192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to
to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16
192.168.1.16

192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24
to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24
to
192.168.1.24

192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to
to 192.168.1.39
192.168.1.39Valid Subnets
192.168.1.32
192.168.1.240
192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240
to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240
to
192.168.1.248
192.168.1.255 x

10

Cisco / Notation
Example 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/28
Extra Network Bits = 28 24 = 4
Put n value = 4
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2
24 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
16 2
14 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
24 2
16 2
14 Hosts/Subnet

11

HELP

Example 2 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
4
Host
If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
255.
240
14
Subnet
&
14
Hosts/Subnet
14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6

11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.240
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range

192.168.1.15 x
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.16
to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.16
to
192.168.1.16

192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32
to 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.47
192.168.1.32
to
192.168.1.32

192.168.1.47
192.168.1.48
to 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.48
to
192.168.1.48

192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to
to 192.168.1.80
192.168.1.80Valid Subnets
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.224
192.168.1.239
192.168.1.224
to 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.239
192.168.1.224
to
192.168.1.240
192.168.1.255 x

12

Requirement of Networks is 2 ?
Example 1
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2 Req. of Subnet
22 2 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
42
2 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
214 2
16384 2
16382 Hosts/Subnet

13

HELP

Example 1 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
= Bits
If you
you convert
convertMask
Host
Bits to
to Network
Network Bits
Bits
If
22 Host
255.
255. & 16382
192. Hosts/Subnet
0
Subnet
22 Subnet
& 16382 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4

11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
255.255.192.0
255.255.192.0
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast
Subnet
Range ID
Subnet
Range

172.16.63.255
x
172.16.0.0 172.16.64.0
to 172.16.127.255
172.16.127.255
172.16.64.0 to
172.16.64.0

172.16.127.255
172.16.128.0
to 172.16.191.255
172.16.191.255Valid Subnets
172.16.128.0 to
172.16.128.0

172.16.191.255
172.16.192.0

172.16.255.255 x

14

Requirement of Hosts is 126 ?

Example 2
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
No. of Host
= 2h 2 Req. of Host
= 27 2 126 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
= 128 2
= 126 Hosts/Subnet
No. of Subnet
=
=
=
=

2n 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)

29 2
512 2
510 Subnet

15

HELP

Example 2 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
9
Host
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
255.
128
510
Subnet
&
126
Hosts/Subnet
510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8

11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.128
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range
x

172.16.0.127
172.16.0.0
172.16.0.128
to
172.16.0.255
172.16.0.128
to 172.16.0.255
172.16.0.128

172.16.0.255
172.16.1.0 to
to 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.127
172.16.1.0
172.16.1.0

172.16.1.127
172.16.1.128
to 172.16.1.255
172.16.1.255
172.16.1.128
to
172.16.1.128

172.16.1.255
172.16.2.0 to
to 172.16.2.127
172.16.2.127 Valid Subnets
172.16.2.0
172.16.255.0

172.16.255.127
172.16.255.0
to 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.127
172.16.255.0
to
172.16.255.128
172.16.255.255 x

16

Cisco / Notation
Example 3
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0/22
Extra Network Bits = 22 16 = 6
Put n value = 6
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2
26 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
64 2
62 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
210 2
1024 2
1022 Hosts/Subnet

17

HELP

Example 3 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
6
Host
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
252. Hosts/Subnet
0
62
Subnet
&
1022
62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4

11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.252.0
255.255.252.0
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range
x

172.16.3.255
172.16.0.0
172.16.4.0
to
172.16.7.255
to 172.16.7.255
172.16.4.0 172.16.4.0

172.16.7.255
172.16.8.0 to
to 172.16.11.255
172.16.11.255
172.16.8.0
172.16.8.0

172.16.11.255
172.16.12.0
to 172.16.15.255
172.16.15.255
172.16.12.0
to
172.16.12.0

172.16.15.255
172.16.16.0 to
to 172.16.19.255
172.16.19.255 Valid Subnets
172.16.16.0
172.16.248.0

172.16.251.255
172.16.248.0
to 172.16.251.255
172.16.251.255
172.16.248.0
to
172.16.252.0

172.16.255.255 x

18

Requirement of Networks is 500 ?

Example 1
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2 Req. of Subnet
29 2 500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
512 2
510 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
215 2
32768 2
32766 Hosts/Subnet

19

HELP

Example 1 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
9
Host
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 510255.
128. Hosts/Subnet
0
Subnet
&
32766
510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8

11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.128.0
255.255.128.0
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range
x

10.0.127.255
10.0.0.0
10.0.128.0
to
10.0.255.255
to 10.0.255.255
10.0.128.0 10.0.128.0

10.0.255.255
10.1.0.0 to
to 10.1.127.255
10.1.127.255
10.1.0.0
10.1.0.0

10.1.127.255
10.1.128.0
to 10.1.255.255
10.1.255.255
10.1.128.0
to
10.1.128.0

10.1.255.255
10.2.0.0 to
to 10.2.127.255
10.2.127.255 Valid Subnets
10.2.0.0
10.255.0.0

10.255.127.255
10.255.0.0
to 10.255.127.255
10.255.127.255
10.255.0.0
to
10.255.128.0

10.255.255.255 x

20

Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ?

Example 2
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
No. of Host
= 2h 2 Req. of Host
= 218 2 260000 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
= 262144 2
= 262142 Hosts/Subnet
No. of Subnet
=
=
=
=

2n 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)

26 2
64 2
62 Subnet

21

HELP

Example 2 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
6
Host
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 62 Subnet
252. & 262142
0.
0
Hosts/Subnet
62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4

11111111 11111100 00000000 00000000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.252.0.0
255.252.0.0
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range
x

10.3.255.255
10.0.0.0
10.4.0.0
to
10.3.255.255
10.4.0.0
to
10.3.255.255
10.4.0.0

10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0 to
to 10.7.255.255
10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0
10.8.0.0

10.11.255.255
10.12.0.0
to 10.15.255.255
10.15.255.255
10.12.0.0
to
10.12.0.0

10.15.255.255
10.16.0.0 to
to 10.19.255.255
10.19.255.255 Valid Subnets
10.16.0.0
10.248.0.0

10.251.255.255
10.248.0.0
to 10.251.255.255
10.251.255.255
10.248.0.0
to
10.252.0.0

10.255.255.255 x

22

Cisco / Notation
Example 3
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0/20
Extra Network Bits = 20 8 = 12
Put n value = 12
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2
212 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
4096 2
4094 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
212 2
4096 2
4094 Hosts/Subnet

23

HELP

Example 3 (Continued)
Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
12
Host
If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 4094
255.
240.
0
Subnet
&
4094
Hosts/Subnet
4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6

11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.240.0
255.255.240.0
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range
x

10.0.15.255
10.0.0.0
10.0.16.0
to
10.31.255.255
10.0.16.0
to
10.31.255.255
10.0.16.0

10.0.31.255
10.0.32.0 to
to 10.47.255.255
10.47.255.255
10.0.32.0
10.0.32.0

10.0.47.255
10.0.48.0
to 10.63.255.255
10.63.255.255
10.0.48.0
to
10.0.48.0

10.0.63.255
10.0.64.0 to
to 10.79.255.255
10.79.255.255 Valid Subnets
10.0.64.0
10.255.224.0

10.255.239.255
10.255.224.0
to 10.255.239.255
10.255.239.255
10.255.224.0
to
10.255.240.0

10.255.255.255 x

24

VLSM

Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length

Subnet Mask
VLSMs provide the capability to include more than
one subnet mask within a major network

25

Scenario
ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC
ZOOM Technologies 192.168.1.0/24
MCSE
CISCO
FIREWALL
SOLARIS
TRAINING
Administrators requirement : Inter-department
communication should not be possible ?
Best Solution is :
FLSM i.e. Subnetting

26

Scenario (continued)
Now we are also having sub departments
ZOOM Technologies
MCSE
CISCO
Ccna
Ccnp
FIREWALL
ISA
Checkpoint
Net SQ
Clavister
Cisco PIX
SOLARIS
Linux
Unix
Solaris
TRAINING

27

Scenario (continued)

Administrator does not want inter-department

communication in the sub departments ?
Answer : You will use the subnet range to further
divide it into smaller ranges, this time its
Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM.

28

Calculation of FLSM
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n 2 Req. of Subnet
23 2 5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
82
6 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
25 2
32 2
30 Hosts/Subnet

29

HELP

FLSM

(Continued)

Customize
Subnet
Mask
= Bits to Network Bits
If
you
convert
3
Host
If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
255.
255.
255.
224
6
Subnet
&
30
Hosts/Subnet
6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2

11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.224
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet Range
192.168.1.31 x
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.32
to 192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.32
to
192.168.1.32
192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64
to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.64
to
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96
to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.96
to
192.168.1.96
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to
to 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.159
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.160
to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.160
to
192.168.1.160
192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192
to 192.168.1.223
192.168.1.223
192.168.1.192
to
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.223
192.168.1.224
192.168.1.255 x

30

Assigning of the Ranges

ZOOM Technologies
192.168.1.32 1.63/27
MCSE
192.168.1.64 1.95/27
CISCO
Ccna
Ccnp
192.168.1.96 1.127/27
FIREWALL
ISA
Checkpoint
Net SQ
Clavister
Cisco PIX
192.168.1.128 1.159/27
SOLARIS
Linux
Unix
Solaris
192.168.1.160 1.191/27
TRAINING

31

Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept.

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.64
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n Req. of Subnet
21 2
2
2 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
24 2
16 2
14 Hosts/Subnet

32

HELP

VLSM

(Continued)

Customize
Subnet Mask
= Host Bit to Network Bit
If
you
convert
1
more
If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit
255.
255.
255.
240
2
Subnet
&
14
Hosts/Subnet
2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6

11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
Customize
Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.240
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast ID
Subnet
Range
Subnet
Range

192.168.1.79
192.168.1.64
192.168.1.64
to 192.168.1.79
192.168.1.79
192.168.1.64
to
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.80

192.168.1.95
192.168.1.80 to
to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.95
192.168.1.80

33

Assigning of the Ranges

ZOOM Technologies
192.168.1.32 1.63/27
MCSE
192.168.1.64 1.95/27
CISCO
192.168.1.64 1.79/28
Ccna
192.168.1.80 1.95/28
Ccnp
192.168.1.96 1.127/27
FIREWALL
ISA
Checkpoint
Net SQ
Clavister
Cisco PIX
192.168.1.128 1.159/27
SOLARIS
Linux
Unix
Solaris
192.168.1.160 1.191/27
TRAINING

34

Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept.

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.96
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n Req. of Subnet
23 5
8
8 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
22 2
42
2 Hosts/Subnet

35

HELP

VLSM

(Continued)

Customize
Subnet Mask
= Host Bit to Network Bit
If
you
convert
3
more
If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit
255.
255.
255.
252
8
Subnet
&
2
Hosts/Subnet
8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100

Customize
Subnet
Mask
Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast
Subnet
Range ID
Subnet
Range

192.168.1.99
192.168.1.96
192.168.1.96
to 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.99
192.168.1.96
to
192.168.1.100

192.168.1.103
192.168.1.100
to 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.103
192.168.1.100
to
192.168.1.104

192.168.1.107
192.168.1.104
to 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.107
192.168.1.104
to
192.168.1.108

192.168.1.111
192.168.1.108
to 192.168.1.111
192.168.1.111
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.108
to
192.168.1.112

192.168.1.115
192.168.1.112
to 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.115
192.168.1.112
to
192.168.1.116

192.168.1.119
192.168.1.116
to 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.119
192.168.1.116
to
192.168.1.120

192.168.1.123
192.168.1.120
to 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.123
192.168.1.120
to
192.168.1.124

192.168.1.127
192.168.1.124
to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.124
to

36

Assigning of the Ranges

ZOOM Technologies
192.168.1.32 1.63/27
MCSE
192.168.1.64 1.95/27
CISCO
192.168.1.64 1.79/28
Ccna
192.168.1.80 1.95/28
Ccnp
192.168.1.96 1.127/27
FIREWALL
192.168.1.96 1.99/30
ISA
192.168.1.100 1.103/30
Checkpoint
192.168.1.104 1.107/30
Net SQ
192.168.1.108 1.111/30
Clavister
192.168.1.112 1.115/30
Cisco PIX
192.168.1.128 1.159/27
SOLARIS
Linux
Unix
Solaris
192.168.1.160 1.191/27
TRAINING

37

Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept.

Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.128
No.
=
=
=
=
No.
=
=
=
=

of Subnet
2n Req. of Subnet
22 3
4
4 Subnet
of Host
2h 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
23 2
82
6 Hosts/Subnet

38

HELP

VLSM

(Continued)

Customize
Subnet Mask
= Host Bit to Network Bit
If
you
convert
2
more
If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit
255.
255.
255.
248
4
Subnet
&
6
Hosts/Subnet
4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000

Customize
Subnet
Mask
Customize
Subnet
Mask
.
.
.
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
Range of Networks
Network ID
Broadcast
Subnet
Range ID
Subnet
Range

192.168.1.135
192.168.1.128
192.168.1.128
to 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.135
192.168.1.128
to
192.168.1.136

192.168.1.143
192.168.1.136
to 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.143
192.168.1.136
to
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.144

192.168.1.151
192.168.1.144
to
192.168.1.151
192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151
192.168.1.152

192.168.1.159
192.168.1.152
to 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.159
192.168.1.152
to

39

Assigning of the Ranges

ZOOM Technologies
192.168.1.32 1.63/27
MCSE
192.168.1.64 1.95/27
CISCO
192.168.1.64 1.79/28
Ccna
192.168.1.80 1.95/28
Ccnp
192.168.1.96 1.127/27
FIREWALL
192.168.1.96 1.99/30
ISA
192.168.1.100 1.103/30
Checkpoint
192.168.1.104 1.107/30
Net SQ
192.168.1.108 1.111/30
Clavister
192.168.1.112 1.115/30
Cisco PIX
192.168.1.128 1.159/27
SOLARIS
192.168.1.128 1.135/29
Linux
192.168.1.136 1.143/29
Unix
192.168.1.144 1.151/29
Solaris
192.168.1.160 1.191/27
TRAINING

40

VSNL ROUTER

192.168.1.0/24

1.32/27

1.160/27
1.64/27

1.144/29

1.128/27

1.64/28

1.136/29
1.96/27

1.79/28

1.128/29

1.96/30

1.112/30

1.100/30

1.108/30
1.104/30

41

CIDR
Classless Inter Domain Routing
It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting
Combining of Multiple Networks to Single
Networks
Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits
i.e. Converting 1s into 0s
Generally design for Class C networks
Easier Summarization
It is also known as Supernetting

42

VSNL ROUTER

192.168.1.0/24

1.32/27

1.160/27
1.64/27

1.144/29

1.128/27

1.64/28

1.136/29
1.96/27

1.79/28

1.128/29

1.96/30

1.112/30

1.100/30

1.108/30
1.104/30

43

Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ?

Example 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
No. of Host
= 2h 2 Req. of Host
= 210 2 1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast
ID)
= 1024 2
= 1022 Hosts/Subnet

44

HELP

Example 1 (Continued)
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
252.

1
2
8
6
4
3
2
1
6
8
4

11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000

.
.
.
Range of Networks
Network ID

192.168.0.0
192.168.4.0

192.168.8.0

192.168.12.0

192.168.248.0
192.168.252.0

Broadcast ID
192.168.3.255
192.168.7.255
192.168.11.255
192.168.15.255

192.168.251.255
192.168.255.255

Valid Subnets

45

Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ?

Example 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
No. of Host
= 2h 2 Req. of Host
= 214 2 12000 (-2 is for Network ID &BroadcastID)
= 16384 2
= 16382 Hosts/Subnet

46

HELP

Example 2 (Continued)
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
192.

1
2
8
6
4

11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000

.
.
.
Range of Networks
Network ID

192.168.0.0
192.168.64.0

192.168.128.0
192.168.192.0

Broadcast ID
192.168.63.255
192.168.127.255
192.168.191.255
192.168.255.255

47

48

Power table

POWER TABLE
TABLE
POWER
21 = 2

29 = 512

217 = 131072

225 = 33554432

22 = 4

210 = 1024

218 = 262144

226 = 67108864

23 = 8

211 = 2048

219 = 524288

227 = 134217728

24 = 16

212 = 4096

220 = 1048576

228 = 268435456

25 = 32

213 = 8192

221 = 2097152

229 = 536870912

26 = 64

214 = 16384 222 = 4194304

230 = 1073741824

27 = 128 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608

231 = 2147483648

28 = 256 216 = 65536 224 = 16777216 232 = 4294967296

49