1

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Cisco proprietary protocol
Classful routing protocol
Updates are broadcasted via 255.255.255.255
Administrative distance is 100
Metric (24 bit) : Composite Metric
(BW+Delay+Load+MTU+Reliability)
Max Hop count is 255 (100 is default)
Load balancing of 6 equal or unequal paths
Used for large organizations

IGRP Timers

Update timer : 90 sec

Invalid timer : 270 sec
Flush timer : 630 sec
Holddown timer : 280 sec

Autonomous System Number

A unique number identifying the Routing domain of

the routers.
Ranges from 1- 65535
Public 1 64512
Private 64513 65535

An autonomous system is a collection of networks

under a common administrative domain

Routing Protocol Classification

IGP
Interior Gateway
Protocol
Routing protocols used

EGP
Exterior Gateway
Protocol
Routing protocol used

within an autonomous

between different

system

autonomous systems

All routers will be

routing within the
same Autonomous
boundary
RIP, IGRP, EIGRP,
OSPF, IS-IS

Routers in different AS
need an EGP
Border Gateway
Protocol is extensively
used as EGP

IGP & EGP

IGPs: RIP, OSPF,

IGRP, EIGRP

XYZ - AS 100

EGPs: BGP

IGPs: RIP, OSPF,

IGRP, EIGRP

ABC AS 200

IGPs operate within an autonomous system

EGPs connect different autonomous systems

IGRP - Network Diagram

10.0.0.1/8
S0

HYD

11.0.0.1/8
S0

S1
10.0.0.2/8

E0
192.168.1.150/24

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

CHE

S1
11.0.0.2/8

E0
192.168.2.150/24

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

BAN

E0
192.168.3.150/2

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

Disadvantages of IGRP

Only works on Cisco Routers

Slow convergence
Formation of Routing loops

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]

(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
telnet 192.168.1.150
C:\>
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Directly Connected
Connected Networks
Networks on
on
Directly
Hyderabad> enable
HYDERABAD Router
Router
password : ****
HYDERABAD
Hyderabad# configure terminal
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.0
Enter configuration commands,
one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
10.0.0.0
serial 0
Hyderabad(config)# interface10.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# no shut
Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000
Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad(config-if)# exit
Hyderabad(config)#

10

Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# router igrp 5
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-router)#
Configuring
ConfiguringIGRP
IGRP
Router(config)#
Router(config)#router
routerigrp
igrp<as
<asno>
no>
Router(config-router)#
Router(config-router)#network
network<Network
<NetworkID>
ID>

11

Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# router igrp 5
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-router)# ^Z
Hyderabad# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C
10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
I
11.0.0.0/8 [100/10476] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0
C
192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
I
192.168.2.0/24 [100/8576]
via
10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0
Metric
of
IGRP
100
is
nothing
but
Metric
of
IGRP
100
is
nothing
but
I for
forIGRP
IGRProutes
routes
Administrative
Distance
I I 192.168.3.0/24
[100/10576]
via
10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0
Composite
Metric
Administrative
Distance
Composite
Metric
Hyderabad#

12

Hyderabad# show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "igrp 5"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 49 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 5
Routing for Networks:
192.168.1.0
10.0.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
10.0.0.2
100
00:01:10
Distance: (default is 100)
Hyderabad#

13

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]

(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
telnet 192.168.2.150
C:\>
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Chennai Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Directly Connected
Connected Networks
Networks on
on
Chennai> enable Directly
CHENNAI Router
Router
password : ****
CHENNAI
Chennai# configure terminal
192.168.2.0
192.168.2.0
Enter configuration commands,
one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
10.0.0.0
10.0.0.0
1
Chennai(config)# interface serial
11.0.0.0
11.0.0.0
Chennai(config-if)# ip address
10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Chennai(config-if)# no shut
Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Chennai(config-if)# interface serial 0
Chennai(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Chennai(config-if)# no shut
Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc

14

Chennai(config)# no ip routing
Chennai(config)# ip routing
Chennai(config)# router igrp 5
Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0
Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Chennai(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0
Configuring
ConfiguringIGRP
IGRP
Chennai(config-router)#
Router(config)#
Router(config)#router
routerigrp
igrp<as
<asno>
no>
Router(config-router)#
Router(config-router)#network
network<Network
<NetworkID>
ID>

15

Chennai(config)# no ip routing
Chennai(config)# ip routing
Chennai(config)# router igrp 5
Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0
Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Chennai(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0
^
Chennai(config-router)# Z
Chennai# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C
10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
C
11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
I
192.168.1.0/24 [100/8576] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:28, Serial1
C
192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
I
192.168.3.0/24 [100/8576]
via
11.0.0.2,
00:00:54, Serial0
Metric
of
IGRP
100
is
nothing
but
Metric
of
IGRP
100
is
nothing
but
IIfor
forIGRP
IGRProutes
routes Administrative
Distance
Chennai#
Composite
Metric
Administrative
Distance
16
Composite
Metric

Chennai# show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "igrp 5"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 56 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 5
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
11.0.0.0
192.168.2.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
11.0.0.2
100
00:00:22
10.0.0.1
100
00:00:59
Distance: (default is 100)
Chennai#

17

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]

(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
telnet 192.168.3.150
C:\>
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Banglore Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Directly Connected
Connected Networks
Networks on
on
Banglore> enableDirectly
Banglore Router
Router
password : ****
Banglore
Banglore# configure terminal
192.168.3.0
192.168.3.0
Enter configuration commands,
one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
11.0.0.0
serial 1
Banglore(config)# interface 11.0.0.0
Banglore(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Banglore(config-if)# no shut
Banglore(config-if)# clockrate 64000
Banglore(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Banglore(config-if)# exit
Banglore(config)#

18

Banglore(config)# no ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip routing
Banglore(config)# router igrp 5
Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0
Banglore(config-router)#
Configuring
ConfiguringIGRP
IGRP
Router(config)#
Router(config)#router
routerigrp
igrp<as
<asno>
no>
Router(config-router)#
Router(config-router)#network
network<Network
<NetworkID>
ID>

19

Banglore(config)# no ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip routing
Banglore(config)# router igrp 5
Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0
Banglore(config-router)# ^Z
Banglore# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

I
10.0.0.0/8 [100/10476] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1
C
11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
I
192.168.1.0/24 [100/10576]
via
11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1
Metric
of
IGRP
100
is
nothing
but
Metric
of
IGRP
100
is
nothing
but
for
forIGRP
IGRProutes
routes
I II192.168.2.0/24
[100/8576]
via
11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1
Administrative
Distance
Composite
Metric
Administrative
Distance
Composite
Metric
C
192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Banglore#

20

Banglore# show ip protocols

Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 11 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 5
Routing for Networks:
192.168.3.0
11.0.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
11.0.0.1
100
00:01:02
Distance: (default is 100)
Banglore#

21

Hyderabad# ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Hyderabad# ping 192.168.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Hyderabad#

22

Chennai# ping 192.168.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Chennai# ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Chennai#

23

Banglore# ping 192.168.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Banglore# ping 192.168.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Banglore#

24