Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
www.cleanup.ge
Sesavali
winamdebare broSura warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos, myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis
Semcirebis da gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb. saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia narCenebis gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da mocemulia rekomendaciebi narCenebis
reciklilebisa da mosaxleobisa da garemosaTvis misi sargeblianobis Sesaxeb.
saxelmZRvanelo miznad isaxavs myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis reciklirebis arsisa da
mniSvnelobis ganmartebas da mis popularizacias sazogadoebis informirebulobis gazrdis
mizniT. dokumenti SemuSavebulia advilad moxmarebisaTvis da gaTvaliswinebulia sazogadoebis farTo masebisaTvis.
broSura momzadda proeqtis `davasufTaoT saqarTvelo - sazogadoebis cnobierebis
amaRleba da misi CarTva myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis gaumjobesebis procesSi
(faza II) farglebSi, axorcielebs arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa konsorciumi - saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba/dedamiwis megobrebi - saqarTvelo, mdgradi ganviTarebis kavSiri
`ekoviJeni da saqarTvelos bunebis mkvlevarTa kavSiri `orqisi~. SvedeTis saerTaSoriso
ganviTarebis saagentos (Sida) finansuri mxardaWeriT.
Introduction
The present booklet represents the manual for revealing the opportunities for reduction and recycling of solid
domestic wastes. The paper considers the issues connected with recycling and provides recommendations on why
recycling is good and what kind of benefit it brings to population and environment .
The manual is aimed at raising public awareness with regard to recycling, its popularization; also it will help
the population to grasp the essence and meaning of recycling. The paper is developed for easy use and is meant for
wide masses of public.
The booklet has been prepared and published in the framework of the project Clean Up Georgia Raising of
Public Awareness and Involvement in Solid Waste Management Improvement.
The project is being implemented by the NGO consortium the Greens Movement/Friends of the Earth Georgia and Sustainable Development Union EcoVision, with the financial support of the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida).
* * *
dRes msoflio sazogadoeba aRiarebs, rom myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis problema
sul ufro SemaSfoTebel xasiaTs iRebs da naTelia, rom garemoSi aseTi didi raodenobiT
narCenebis dagroveba seriozuli saSiSroebas uqmnis adamianis janmrTelobas da Cvens sacxovrebel garemos.
faqtia, rom mosaxleobis raodenobis zrdasTan erTad, matulobs moxmarebuli produqciis raodenoba, ris Sedegadac warmoiqmneba ufro meti e.w. `nagavi, romelic rogorc
gamoirkva sulac ar aris usargeblo da misi daxarisxebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad miiReba bevri saWiro produqti.
me-20 da 21-e saukuneebSi warmoqmnili sayofacxovrebo
narCeni Tavis SemadgenlobiT sakmaod gansxvavdeba wina saukuneebSi warmoqmnili narCenebisagan rogorc raodenobiT,
ise SemadgenlobiT. problema mdgomareobs imaSi,
rom `axali Taobis narCenebis mniSvnelovani nawili
xelovnuri warmoebisaa da
ar eqvemdebarebian daSlas bunebriv komponentebad.
kidev erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia is, rom am produqciis warmoeba didwilad xdeba mTeli rigi im bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebiT, romelTac ar gaaCniaT TviTaRdgenis
www.cleanup.ge
unari (navTobi, sxvadasxva madani da a.S.) da SesaZlebelia, rom uaxloes aswleulSi kaciobrioba zogierTi bunebrivi resursis gareSe darCes.
adamianis mier `warmoebuli sayofacxovrebo narCeni warmoadgens mravalferovani komponentebis narevs: minis WurWeli (romelTa meoradi gamoyeneba SeiZleba) da misi namsxvrevebi, makulatura, plastika, faseuli metalebi (Savi da feradi), sakvebi produqtis narCenebi da sxva. calke aRsaniSnavia, rom am narCenebis masaSi didi raodenobiT aris Sereuli
iseTi saxifaTo narCenebi rogoricaa: batareikebi, vercxliswyali, fosfatebi da karbonatebi, el.energiis damzogavi naTurebi, toqsikuri qimikatebi, gamxsnelebi, saRebavebi da a.S.
ra x de ba nagav s ay re le bze?
a d a m i a ne b i xSi ra d cd i l o be n, r o m e.w. `nagav i Tv a l s m o a f a r o n d a a m iT m a sTa n
d ak avSi re bu l i p r o b le me b i c ga d awy v i t o n.
Tu m ca ... ra x de b a s i na m dv i leSi?!
Cve n i s ay o f a cx ov re b o na rCe ne b i s i s nawi l i,
r o me l i c gr ov de b a (d a a r iy re b a xeve bSi, m d i na ree bSi Tu s a d me s xv aga n ga re m oSi), Tav s iy r i s
nagav s ay re le bze. aqve avRn iSnavT, r o m e s m a rTla c r o m nagav s ay re le b i a d a a m Cve ns re a l o b aSi
a rse bu l `m x a tv ru l u m sgav s o b a s, Ta na me d r ove
t i p i s p o l igo ne bTa n a r a na i r k avSi r i a r aqvT.
Cve ns nagav s ay re le bze m o xve d r i l i na rCe n i
i tke p ne b a, i f a re b a m iwi s a n r o me l i me i ne rtu l i
m a s a l iT d a iq m ne b a STa beWd i le b a, r o m ga re m o
ga su fTav d a, na rCe n i `gaq r a d a p r o b le m a c m o i x s na, m agra m e s a se a r a r i s, m iwi s qveS `ga d am a lu l i na rCe ne b i u bra l o d aRa r Ca ns, Tore m ga re m o s kv lav a c az i a ne b s, d a Ta n s ak m ao d se r i ozu la d.
ke rZo d:
na rCe ne b i s nawi l i lpe b a, r i s Se de ga d a c
a tm o s fe r oSi ga m o iy o f a s xv a d a s xv a m av ne
a i re b i, x o l o lp o b i s Se de ga d wa rm oq m n i l i meTa n i xSi ra d Tv iTaa l de b a d a iwye b s
x i s, p la s tm a s i s, ty av i s d a s xv a na rCe ne b i s
4
www.cleanup.ge
ra x de ba s aq a rTve l oSi?!
y ove l dRiu ra d ra ra o de n o b i s na rCe n i wa rm o iq m ne b a Tu n d a c m a rt o Tb i l i sSi,
a r i ci s a rav i n. r o m c x de b o de s aRr i cxv a i s m a i nc a r iq ne b a s a n d o, v i na i d a n Cve nd a s a m a r cxv i n o d r ogo r c m oq a laqeTa i se me wa rmeTa u m a r av le s o b i s aTv i s, nagav s a y re l i a r i s y ve lga n s a d a c k i m oe su rve b a d.
d a na m dv i le b iT Se iZle b a iTqv a s, r o m s aq a rTve l oSi my a r i s ay o f a cx ov re b o na r Ce ne b i s u d i de s nawi l s, kve b iTi d a s a mSe ne b l o na rCe ne b i wa rm o a dge ns. na rCe ne b i s
m o cu l o b i s Se s a m ci re b la d s aWi r o a m aTi ga d a muSave b a (re cik l i re b a), r i s i Se s a b a m i s i i n f ra s truq tu ra k i f aq t iu r a d a r a rse b o b s.
qvey a na s a r gaaCn i a na rCe ne b i s m a rTv i s s tr a te gi a d a e r ov nu l i s a m oq me d o ge gm a, r o me l i c gaTv l i l i iq ne b a grZe lv a d i a n pe r i o dze d a d ae fuZne b a na rCe ne b i s
6
www.cleanup.ge
ra s n iSnav s
re cik l i re ba (Recycling)?
z oga d a d, re cik l i re b a a nu ga d a muSave b a e s a r i s i s ne b i s m ie r i p r o ce s i, r o me l i c m n iSv ne l ov na d cv l i s Tav d ap i rve l p r o duq ts; m aT So r i s ga cxe le b a, Se b o lv a, k o nse rv i re b a, d a m wi fe b a, ga m oSr o b a, d a m a r i le b a, ga cive b a a n a m p r o ce sTa
ne b i s m ie r i k o m b i na ci a.
s aq a rTve l o s k a no n i su rs aTi s uv ne b l o b i s a d a x a r i s x i s Se s a xe b, 2005 wl i s
27 deke m be r i, mu x l i 3
s ay o f a cx ov re b o na rCe n i s ga d a muSave b a (re cik l i re b a) - e s a r i s na rCe ne b i s me o r a d i ga m oye ne b a a n s awa rm o o d a y ove l dRiu r i na rCe n i s xe la x a l i d a bru ne b a
wa rm oe b i s cik lSi. a seve p raq t ik aSi a s a mje r a d a d, oTxje r a d a d d a a.S ga m oye ne b a
i seTi m a s a le b i s r ogo r i caa - m i na, q aRa l d i, a lu m i n i, a s f a l t i, rk i na, q s ov i l i
d a p la s t ik i s s xv a d a s xv a s a xe o be b i, a seve uZve le s i me To d i a s o f l i s meu rne o b aSi o rga nu l i d a s a oja x o
na rCe ne b i s ga m oye ne b a (nake l i, k o mp o s t i).
ga d a muSave bu l i p r o duq ci i s a nu ga nme o re b iTi gam oye ne b i s s ae rTaSo r i s o s i m b o l o a e.w. `mobiusis lenti
i de a aRe bu l i a i seTi m aTe m a t iku r i cne be b i s f o rm al ize b iT, r ogo r i caa:
k re ba d o ba, uwy ve to ba d a a.S.
www.cleanup.ge
aqve u n d a avRn iSn oT, r o m na rCe ne b i s ga rkveu l i jgu f i e.w. s a x i f aTo na rCe ne b i
a r eqve m de b a re b a ga d a muSave b a s a n xe la x a l ga m oye ne b a s d a eqve m de b a re b a u t i l i z a ci a s.
u ti l iza ci a - (laT. Utilis ga m o s a de gi) - ga m oye ne b a r i s a me (u cx o s i ty v aTa le q s ik o n i - www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d...)
u t i l iz a ci a - s awa rm o o d a s a m o m x m a re b l o ga m ou s a de ga r i m a s a le b i s, me o r ad a d m o x m a re bu l i d a ga m oye ne b i s aTv i s uv a rgi s i na rCe ne b i s ga m oye ne b a.
. . . .: , 2003. 895 .
u t i l iz a ci i s p r o b le m a s a mZa f re b s i s, r o m s ay ove lTa o m o x m a re b i s p r o duq ci i s d i d i nawi l i, `ga nwi ru l i a
m ok lev a d i a n i a rse b o b i s aTv i s (mg. ta ns a cme l i,
s akve b i p r o duq t i s Se s a fuTi m a s a la d a s xv a). e s p r o duq ci a iy re b a i se, r o m s ae rTo d a r m i iRe b a m xe dve l b aSi m aTi `na rCe n i Ri re bu le b a a nu a r x de b a gaTv a l i s wi ne b a i m ek o n o m iku r i e feq t i s a, r a c m aTi ga d a muSave b iT d a xe la x a l i ga m oye ne b iT
m i iRe b a.
m n iSv ne l ov a n i f aq t o r i a i s i c, r o m ne b i s m ie r i p r o duq ci i s m i s aRe b a d s aWi r o a
ne d leu l i d a e ne rgi a, r o m l i s ga m o muSave b a c a seve bu ne br iv i re su rse b i s x a rjze
x de b a.
me ta le b i s, q aRa l d i s, m i n i s, p la s t ik i s d a o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i s ga d a muSave b a
(re cik l i re b a), k i a m ci re b s ne d leu l i s a d a e ne rgi i s m o x m a re b a s, r a c qvey n i s ek o n o m ik i s aTv i s Za lze d m n iSv ne l ov a n i f aq t o r i a.
a se maga l iTa d,
www.cleanup.ge
evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba
ev r o pu l
s ak a no nm de b l o s iv r ceSi m oq me d i na rCe ne b i s m a rTv i s pr i nci pe b i
je r k i dev 1977 we l s Ca m oy a l i b d a d a s a m i Zi r iTa d i p o s tu la t i s aga n Se dge ba:
na rCe ne b i s wa rm oq m n i s preve nci a;
na rCe ne b i s ga d a muSave ba;
im narCe nebis usafrTxo ganTavseba, rome lic gadamuSavebas ar eqvemdebareba;
ev r o p i s na rCe ne b i s Ca rCo d i req t iv a k i (2008/98/ EC) ay a l i be b s na rCe ne b i s
m a rTv aSi ga m oy e ne bu l i meTo de b i s ie ra rq i a s, m aTi ga re m oze ze m oq me de b i s gaTv a l i swi ne b iT.
y ve laze u p i rve le s a d m i iCnev a na rCe ne b i s preve nci a d a m aTi wa rm oq m n i s m i n i m iza ci a, ra s a c pr i o r i te te b i s m i xe dv iT m o s dev s:
na rCe ne b i s xe la xa l i ga m oy e ne ba;
na rCe ne b i s ga d a muSave ba;
na rCe ne b i s aRdge na;
na rCe ne b i s ga m oy e ne ba e ne rgi i s wy a r o d;
na rCe ne b i s d awv a, wa rm oq m n i l i e ne rgi i s ga m oy e ne b i s ga reSe;
nagav s ay re le bze ga nTav se ba.
aqve aRs a n iSnav i a, r o m na rCe ne b i s nagav s ay re lze ga nTav se ba, m iCneu l i a m a rTv i s y ve laze nak le ba d s a su rve l v a r i a nta d.
na rCe ne b i s ma rTv i s ie ra rq iu l i m o de l i
na rCe ne b i s m a rTv i s k o mp leq su r m i dgo m a s gaaCn i a Tav i s i ie r a rq i a, r o me l i c
s i m b o lu ra d ga m o s a xu l i a na x a tze.
10
www.cleanup.ge
u n d a gv a x s ov de s, r o m...
na rCe ne b i s d aa x l oe b iT 30%- s m a s i s m i xe dv iT d a 50%- s m ocu l o b i s
m i xe dv iT Se a dge ne n s xv a d a s xv a Se s a fuTi m a s a le b i;
Se s a fuTi ma s a le b i s wo n i s 13%- s d a m ocu l o b i s 30%- s Se a dge ns p la s tm a se b i;
11
3R i n i ci a tiv i s s l oga n i a:
nu l i na rCe n i u d a nak a rgo wa rm oe ba
te rm i n i 3R aRn iSnav s Se s a b a m i s i s a m i s i ty v i s p i rve l a s oe b s: Reduce Se m ci re b a; Reuse xe la x a l i ga m oye ne b a; Recycle re cik l i re b a a nu ga d a muSave b a.
www.cleanup.ge
re cik l i re b i s e rT-e rT meTo d s wa rm o a dge ns na rCe ne b i s `wv a. Ta na me d r ove te q n o l ogie b i s gaTv a l i swi ne b iT e s xe r x i na rCe ne b i s a d m i m o py r o b i s y ve laze rTu l i
d a `m aRa l teq n o l ogiu r i v a r i a nt i a. wv a s aSu a le b a s iZlev a TiTq m i s s a mje r Sev a m ci r oT na rCe ne b i s m a s a, Tav i d a n av i ci l oT a r a s a s i a m ov n o su n i, t oq s iku r i s iTx i s a d a b aq te r ie b i s ga m oy o f a, a seve m iv iRoT d a m a te b iTi e ne rgi a, r o me l i c Se iZle b a ga m oye ne bu l iq na s e leq tr oe ne rgi i s aTv i s a n ga s aTb o b a d.
a m meTo d s wa rm a te b iT iye ne be n Sve deTs a d a n o rve gi aSi, s a d a c na rCe ne b i s wv i s
Se de ga d m iRe bu l i e ne rgi a ga m o iye ne b a b i ne b i s a d a wy l i s ga s aTb o b a d. u f r o me t i c, a m qvey ne bSi q a laqe b i s mTe l i r a i o ne b i uzru nve ly o f i l i a r i a n na rCe ne b i s
ga d a muSave b i s Se de ga d ga m o muSave bu l i e leq tr oe ne rgi iT.
www.cleanup.ge
13
a lu m i n i
my a r i s ay o f a cx ov re b o l iTo nTa na rCe ne b i, y ve laze d i d i r a o de n o b iT Se i cav s
a lu m i ns.
a lu m i n i f a rTo d ga m o iye ne b a r ogo r c k o ns truq ciu l, a seve Se s a fuT m a s a la d:
e leq tr o teq n ik aSi m avTu le b i s wa rm oe b i s aTv i s, m aTi ek ra n i re b i s aTv i s d a m ik r o e leq tr o n ik aSi Ci pe b i s wa rm oe b i s a s. f a rTo d ga m o iye ne b a Tb o d a na dga re bSi. i de a lu r i m a s a laa s a rkee b i s wa rm oe b i s aTv i s. s xv a d a s xv a s a s me le b i s d a k o nse rve b i s
q i le b i s d a s a mz a de b la d. a seve m r av a l fe r ov a n i, s ay o f a cx ov re b o, s xv a d a s xv a d an iSnu le b i s p r o duq ci i s s awa rm oe b la d.
14
www.cleanup.ge
www.cleanup.ge
15
16
www.cleanup.ge
www.cleanup.ge
17
ga m oy e ne bu l i l i te ra tu ra:
http://www.recycling-guide.org.uk/
www.dma.org.uk
http://www.mina.com.ge/?action=page&p_id=1&lang=geo
http://www.serflorida.com/facts/paper_recycling
http://thetomorrowcompany.com/why-recycle/
http://iaponia.wordpress.com/2010/04/19/
su raTe b i: http://www.google.com/search?q=recycling
k a ns a i s s ae rTaSo r i s o ae r o p o rt i - xe l ov nu r i
ku nZu l i r o me l i c aSe n d a nagv iT.
y ve laze d i d i
x a r i s x i a n s ap o ns
Se m de g, k a fee bSi,
tu l i su rne le ba
18
www.cleanup.ge
ga m oce ma m o a mza d a:
ma i a k ap a naZe m
d aak aba d o na:
i rak li gu le d a nma
www.cleanup.ge
19