Chapter 5 Review Section5.1,5.

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1. Describe the contributions made by the following scientists to
the development of the periodic table:
a. Stanislao Cannizzaro: Presented a convincing method for
accurately measuring the relative masses of atoms.
Cannizzaros method enabled chemists to agree on
standard values for atomic mass.

b. Dmitri Mendeleev: Mendeleev noticed that when the

elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic
mass, certain similarities in their chemical properties
appeared at regular intervals.

c. Henry Moseley: Elements fit into better patterns when they

were arranged in increasing order according to nuclear
charge. (number of protons in the nucleus)

2. State the Periodic Law

The Physical and Chemical properties of the elements are
periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

3. How is the periodic law demonstrated within the groups of the

periodic table?
The periodic table is the arrangement of the elements in order of their
atomic numbers which corresponds to the periodic law.

Section 2 Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

4.a How do the electron configurations within the same group of
elements compare?
They all end with the same Shell and number of electrons in the shell;
They only differ on which level it is [the n number]
b. Why are the noble gases relatively unreactive?
Noble gases are relatively unreactive because of they contain stable
octets. (full complement of electrons)
5. What determines the length of each period in the periodic table?
The period of an element can be determined from the elements
electron configuration.
6. What is the relationship between the electron configuration of an
element and the period in which that element appears in the
periodic table?
Based on the electron configurations of the elements, the periodic
table can be divided into four block s,p,d and f.

7. a What information is provided by the specific block location of

an element?
The name of each block is determined by whether an s,p,d or f
sublevel is being filled in successive elements of that block.
b. Identify, by number, the groups located within each of the four block
areas.

1,2
3~12
13~18

s
d
p

8. a Which elements are designated as the alkali metals?

The elements of group 1 (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium
and francium)
b. List four of their characteristic properties

Silvery appearance, soft

Reactive
Combine vigorously with most nonmetals
React strongly with water to produce hydrogen gas and aqueous

solutions
9. a Which elements are designated as the alkaline-earth metals?
The elements of Group 2 (Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium,
barium, and radium)
b. How do their characteristic properties compare with those of the
alkali metals?
The alkaline-earth metals are harder and denser, they have higher
melting points, they are less reactive than alkali metals.
10.

a Write the group configuration notation for each d-block

group.
(n-1)d
b. How do the group numbers of those groups relate to the number of
outer s and d electrons?

The group number tells how many electrons there are in the outer
shells. Group 1 has 1 electron, group 2 has 2 electrons, and so forth.
11.

What name is sometimes used to refer to the entire set of

d-block elements?
Transition elements: metals with typical metallic properties

12.

a What types of elements make up the p-block?

Groups 13~18 except helium.

b. How do the properties of the p-block metals compare with those of

the metals in the s- and d-blocks?
The metals of the p-block are generally harder and denser than
the s-block alkaline-earth metals, but softer and less dense than
the d-block metals.
13.
a Which elements are designated as the halogens?
Group 17
b. List three of their characteristic properties.

Most reactive nonmetals

React vigorously with most metals to form salts
Seven electrons in their outer energy level

14.

a. Which elements are metalloids?

p-block (13~18)
b. Describe their characteristic properties

 brittle solids with some properties of metals and nonmetals

electrical conductivity between metals
good conductors
15.
Which elements make up the f-block in the periodic table?
Lanthanides and Actinides

16.

a. What are the main-group elements?

Main-group elements: p-block elements together with the s-block

elements.

b. What trends can be observed across the various periods within the
main-group elements?
2

ns np

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