CT4471

September 2007

Sanitary Engineering Department

Drinking water
Water treatment technology

prof. ir. J.C. van Dijk

Drinking water
Water treatment technology

prof. ir. J.C. van Dijk

Delft University of Technology

Further information about this and other publications can be obtained at:
Delft University of Technology
Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Section of Sanitary Engineering,
Stevinweg 1
2628 CN
Delft
tel: +31-15-2785440
fax: +31-15-2787966

English translation and editing: Adele Sanders, Delft EdiTS

TU Delft 2007

preface

Contents

Water treatment schemes

11

Coagulation and flocculation

37

Sedimentation

51

Flotation

67

Filtration

81

Adsorption

103

Disinfection

115

Aeration and gas stripping

133

Softening

153

Micro- and ultrafiltration

173

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis

189

Laboratory experiments

203

contents

contents

Detailed contents
Water treatment schemes

11

Framework, contents, study goals

12
1. Introduction
13
2. Groundwater
14
3. Riverbank groundwater
20
4. Surface water with direct treatment

22
5. Surface water with infiltration
30

Coagulation and flocculation

37

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Coagulation
3. Flocculation

38
39
40
45

Sedimentation

51

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Theory
3. Influeances on settling in a horizontal flow tank
4. Practice
5. Settling tank alternatives

52
53
53
58
62
64

Flotation

67

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Principle
3. Theory 
4. Practice

68
69
69
71
76

Filtration

81

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Principles
3. Theory
4. Practice
5. Alternative applications of filtration

82
83
83
87
91
95

contents

Adsorption

103

Framework, contents, study goals

104
1. Introduction
105
2. Theory
107
3.
Practice

110

Disinfection

115

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Purpose of disinfection
3. Disinfection kinetics
4. Disinfection methods

116
117
117
125
129

Further reading

133

Aeration and gas stripping

135

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Theory of gas transfer
3. Practice

136
137
138
144

Softening

153

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Principle
2. Theory
3. Practice

154
155
155
159
164

Micro- and ultrafiltration

173

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Principle
3. Theory
4. Practice
5. Operation

174
175
177
179
184
187

contents

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis

189

Framework, contents, study goals

1. Introduction
2. Principle
3. Theory
4. Practice

190
191
191
193
198

contents

10