Analysis

In this lab, student had doing test setting for relay. The minimum current to check relay pick start
function with test setting is 1.01A. Then, they do timing checks with test setting. Graph 1 show
the data taken from the test based on table timing checks with test setting. For perfect result all
the value should be equal to 1A follow the final setting of the relay. However, the reading taken
was just nice since all the values were within range of 5% of 1A.

1.02
1.02
E/F (s)
1.01
1.01
1

E/F (S)

1
0.99
0.99
0.98
1.3A

2.0A

3.0A

4.0A

Graph 1 Timing Checks with Settings

5.0A

Introduction
Earth-fault relay is used to protect feeder against faults involving ground. Typically, earth
faults are single line to ground and double line to ground faults. For the purpose of setting and
coordination, only single line to ground faults is considered. In generally, earth fault relay is used
to operate the leakage current to the earth. There are two types of configuration:

a. Residual current earth fault relay

The residual current device (RCD) is used to detect earth fault currents and to interrupt supply if
an earth current flows. The main application is to prevent electrocution but RCDs can also be
used to protect equipment, especially against fire. The earth fault currents that operate an RCD
can range from 5mA up to many amperes. For typical domestic applications the typical trip
current would be 30 mA. The RCD can be opened and closed manually to switch normal load
currents, and it opens automatically when an earth fault current flows which is about 50 per cent
or more of the rated tripping current.

Figure 1 component of Residual Current Earth

b. Sensitive earth fault relay

The sensitive earth fault relay is a protective device that works by measuring the residual
current across the three phases in a system. This is done using a Core Balance Current
Transformer (CBCT). In the ideal condition, the residual current will be zero as all the currents
flow through the three wires and their magnetic fields cancel each other out. The sensitive earth
fault protection is usually used in alternators and transformers with high resistance grounding.
High resistance grounding restricts the earth fault current to less than 10A. High resistance

grounding enables electrical systems to continue running when one of the phases is faulted. This
prevents interruptions to the power supply. This kind of earthing system provides time to
identify and isolate the fault.