Kindergarten

Counting and
Cardinality
Know number names
and the count
sequence.
Introduce written
number words zero, one,
twoten (students are
not responsible for being
able to read these words,
but they should be
introduced)
Know digits and orally
count to one hundred

Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Understand addition as
putting together and
adding to, and
understand subtraction
as taking apart and
taking from.
join, putting together,
add, adding to, separate,
subtract, taking apart,
taking from, and same
amount as, equal, less
than, more than, total,
count on

Count to tell the

number of objects.
number, zero, one,
twothirteen,
fourteennineteen
How many? count on
Compare numbers.
greater than, more,
less than, fewer
equal to, same amount
as, compare

North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (DRAFT)

Number and
Operations in Base Ten
Work with numbers
1119 to gain
foundations for place
value.
ones, number, leftovers
(Know digits and
recognize number words
when spoken orally to
twenty)

Measurement
and Data
Describe and compare
measurable attributes.
compare, attribute,
length, weight,
heavy(ier), light(er),
long(er), big, small(er),
more of, less of, tall(er),
short(er)
Classify objects and
count the number of
objects in categories.
compare, sort, category,
color words (blue, green,
red, etc.), descriptive
words (small, big, rough,
smooth, bumpy, round,
flat, etc.), more, less,
same amount

Geometry
Identify and describe
shapes.
Square, circles, triangle,
rectangles, hexagon,
cubes, cones, cylinder,
sphere, flat, solid, side,
corner, angle, edge, face,
Above, below, beside,
in front of , behind, next
to, same, different,
straight lines, curved
(curvy) lines
Analyze, compare,
create, and compose
shapes.
compare, compose,
attributes, sides,
vertices/corners, vertex,
two-and threedimensional, same,
different

July 2013

First Grade
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Represent and solve problems
involving addition and subtraction.
add, adding to, taking from, putting
together, comparing, unknown, sum, less
than, equal to, minus, subtract, the same
amount as, counting on, making ten,
doubles, equation
Understand and apply properties of
operations and the relationship
between addition and subtraction.
add, subtract, unknown addend, order,
first, second,
Add and subtract within 20.
addition, putting together, adding to,
counting on, making ten, subtraction,
taking apart, taking from, equivalent,
sum, unknown, equal, equation, counting
all, counting on, counting back
Work with addition and subtraction
equations.
equation, equal, the same
amount/quantity as, true, false, addition,
putting together, adding to, counting on,
making ten, subtract, taking apart, taking
from, sum, unknown

Number and
Operations in Base Ten
Extend the counting
sequence.
number, zero, one, two
thirteen, fourteen
nineteen...one hundred twenty
Understand place value.
ones, tens, bundle, left-overs,
singles, groups, compare,
greater than, less than, equal
to, , , =
Use place value
understanding and
properties of operations to
add and subtract.
ones, tens, add, subtract,
reason, more, less

Measurement
and Data
Measure lengths
indirectly and by
iterating length units.
compare, measure, order,
length, height, more,
less, longer than, shorter,
than, first, second, third,
gap, overlap, about , a
little less than, a little
more than
Tell and write time.
time, hour, half-hour,
about, oclock, past,
analog clock, digital
clock
Represent and interpret
data.
Data, how many more,
how many less, least,
same, different, category,
question, collect

Second Grade
North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (DRAFT)

Geometry
Reason with shapes and
their attributes.
shape, closed, open, side,
attribute, feature, twodimensional, rectangle,
square, trapezoid, triangle,
half-circle, and quartercircle, three-dimensional,
rectangular prism cube, cone,
prism, cylinder, partition,
equal shares, halves, fourths,
quarters, half of, fourth of,
quarter of
From previous grades: circle,
rectangle, hexagon, sphere
From previous grade: circle,
hexagon, cube, cone,
cylinder, sphere

Operations and
Algebraic Thinking

Number and
Operations in Base Ten

Represent and solve

problems involving addition
and subtraction.
add, subtract, more, less,
equal, equation, putting
together, taking from, taking
apart, addend, comparing,
unknown
Add and subtract within 20.
add, subtract, sum, more, less,
equal, equation, putting
together, taking from, taking
apart, addend
Work with equal groups of
objects to gain foundations
for multiplication.
odd, even, row, column,
rectangular array, equal,
addend, equation, sum

Understand place value.

hundreds, tens, ones, skip
count, base-ten, number
names to 1,000 (e.g., one,
two, thirty, etc.), expanded
form, greater than (>), less
than (<), equal to (=), digit,
compare
Use place value
understanding and
properties of operations to
add and subtract.
fluent, compose, decompose,
place value, digit, ten more,
ten less, one hundred more,
one hundred less, add,
subtract, sum, equal, addition,
subtraction

Measurement
Geometry
and Data
Measure and estimate lengths in standard Reason with shapes and
their attributes.
units.
about, a little less than, a little more than,
longer, shorter, measure, standards units, units,
customary, metric, inch, foot, centimeter, tools,
ruler, meter, centimeter, ruler, yardstick, meter
stick, measuring tape, estimate, sums,
differences

Relate addition and subtraction to length.

inch, foot, yard, centimeter, meter, ruler,
yardstick, meter stick, measuring tape, estimate,
length, equation, number line, equally spaced,
point, addition, subtraction, unknown, sums,
differences, measure, standard units, customary,
metric, units, sums, differences

Work with time and money.

time, hour hand, minute hand, hour, minute,
a.m., p.m., oclock, multiples of 5 (e.g., five,
ten, fifteen, etc.), analog clock, digital clock,
quarter til, quarter after, half past, quarter hour,
half hour, thirty minutes before, 30 minutes
after, 30 minutes until, 30 minutes past, quarter,
dime, nickel, dollar, cent(s), $, , heads, tails
Represent and interpret data.
collect, organize, display, show, data, attribute,
sort, line plot, picture graph, bar graph,
question, category, chart, table, most, least,
more than, less than, about, same, different,
measure, inch, foot, yard, centimeter, meter,
length

attribute, feature, angle, side,

triangle, quadrilateral, square,
rectangle, trapezoid,
pentagon, hexagon, cube,
face, edge, vertex, surface,
figure, shape, closed, open,
partition, equal size, equal
shares, half, halves, thirds,
half of, a third of, whole, two
halves, three thirds, four
fourths, rows, columns
From previous grades: circle,
square, sphere, half-circle,
quarter-circle, cone, prism,
cylinder, trapezoid

Third Grade
Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Number and

North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (DRAFT)

Number and

Measurement

Geometry

Represent and solve problems

involving multiplication and division.
operations, multiplication, division,
factor, product, quotient, partitioned
equally, equal shares, number of groups,
number in the groups, array, equation,
unknown, expression
Understand properties of
multiplication and the relationship
between multiplication and division.
operation, multiply, divide, factor,
product, quotient, dividend, divisor,
strategies, unknown, (properties)-rules
about how numbers work
Multiply and divide within 100.
operation, multiply, divide, factor,
product, quotient, unknown, strategies,
reasonableness, mental computation,
property
Solve problems involving the four
operations, and identify and explain
patterns in arithmetic.
operation, multiply, divide, factor,
product, quotient, subtract, add, addend,
sum, difference, equation, expression,
unknown, strategies, reasonableness,
mental computation, estimation,
rounding, patterns, (properties)-rules
about how numbers work

Operations in
Base Ten

OperationsFractions

Use place value

understanding
and properties of
operations to
perform multidigit arithmetic.
place value, round,
addition, add,
addend, sum,
subtraction,
subtract,
difference,
strategies,
(properties)-rules
about how
numbers work

Develop
understanding of
fractions as
numbers.
partition(ed),
equal parts,
fraction, equal
distance
( intervals),
equivalent,
equivalence,
reasonable,
denominator,
numerator,
comparison,
compare, , , = ,
justify,
inequality

and Data
Solve problems involving
measurement and estimation of
intervals of time, liquid
volumes, and masses of objects.
estimate, time, time intervals, a.m,
p.m, digital clock, analog clock,
minute, hour, elapsed time,
measure, liquid volume, mass,
standard units, metric, gram (g),
kilogram (kg), liter (L)
Represent and interpret data.
scale, scaled picture graph, scaled
bar graph, line plot, data
Geometric measurement:
understand concepts
of area and relate area to
multiplication and to addition.
attribute, area, square unit, plane
figure, gap, overlap, square cm,
square m , square in., square ft,
nonstandard units, tiling, side
length, decomposing
Geometric measurement:
recognize perimeter
as an attribute of plane figures
and distinguish between linear
and area measures.
attribute, perimeter, plane figure,
linear, area, polygon, side length

Reason with shapes

and their attributes.
attributes, properties,
quadrilateral, open
figure, closed figure ,
three-sided, 2dimensional, 3dimensional, rhombi,
rectangles, and squares
are subcategories of
quadrilaterals, cubes,
cones, cylinders, and
rectangular prisms are
subcategories of 3dimensional figures
shapes: polygon,
rhombus/rhombi,
rectangle, square,
partition, unit fraction,
kite, example and nonexample
From previous grades:
triangle, quadrilateral,
pentagon, hexagon,
cube, trapezoid,
half/quarter circle,
circle, cone, cylinder,
sphere

Fourth Grade
Operations and
Algebraic
Thinking

Number and
Operations in
Base Ten

Number and OperationsFractions

North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (DRAFT)

Measurement
and Data

Geometry

Use the four

operations with
whole numbers to
solve problems.
multiplication/multipl
y, division/divide,
dividend, divisor,
addition/add,
subtraction/subtract,
equations, unknown,
remainders,
reasonableness,
mental computation,
estimation, rounding
Gain familiarity
with factors and
multiples.
multiplication/multipl
y, division/divide,
factor pairs, factor,
multiple, prime,
composite
Generate and
analyze patterns.
pattern (number or
shape), pattern rule

Generalize place
value understanding
for multi-digit whole
numbers.
place value, greater
than, less than, equal
to, , , =,
comparisons/compare
, round
Use place Value
understanding and
properties of
operations to
perform multi-digit
arithmetic.
add, addend, sum,
subtract, difference,
equation, strategies,
(properties)-rules
about how numbers
work, rectangular
arrays, area model,
multiply, divide,
factor, product,
quotient,
reasonableness

Extend understanding of
fraction equivalence and
ordering.
partition(ed), fraction, unit
fraction, equivalent, expression,
multiple, reason, denominator,
numerator,
comparison/compare, , , =,
benchmark fraction
Build fractions from unit
fractions by applying and
extending previous
understanding of operations
on whole numbers.
operations, addition/joining,
subtraction/separating, fraction,
unit fraction, equivalent,
multiple, reason, denominator,
numerator, decomposing, mixed
number,(properties)-rules about
how numbers work, multiply,
multiple
Understand decimal notation
for fractions, and compare
decimal fractions. fraction,
numerator, denominator,
equivalent, reasoning, decimals,
tenths, hundreds, multiplication,
comparisons/compare, , , =,

Solve problems involving

measurement and conversion of
measurements from a larger
unit to a smaller unit.
measure, metric, customary,
convert/conversion, relative size,
liquid volume, mass, length,
distance, kilometer (km), meter
(m), centimeter (cm), kilogram
(kg), gram (g), liter (L), milliliter
(mL), inch (in), foot (ft), yard
(yd), mile (mi), ounce (oz), pound
(lb), cup (c), pint (pt), quart (qt),
gallon (gal), time, a.m., p.m.,
clockwise, counter clockwise,
hour, minute, second, equivalent,
operations, add, subtract, multiply,
divide, fractions, decimals, area,
perimeter
Represent and interpret data.
data, line plot, length, fractions,
Geometric measurement:
understand concepts of angle
and measure angles.
measure, point, end point,
geometric shapes, ray, angle,
circle, fraction, intersect, onedegree angle, protractor,
decomposed, addition, subtraction,
unknown, obtuse, acute

Draw and identify lines

and angles, and classify
shapes by properties of
their lines and angles.
classify shapes/figures,
properties (attributes,
features), defining
characteristics and nondefining characteristic,
point, line, line segment,
ray, angle,
vertex/vertices, right
angle, acute, obtuse,
perpendicular, parallel,
right triangle, isosceles
triangle, equilateral
triangle, scalene triangle,
line of symmetry,
symmetric figures, two
dimensional, regular and
irregular
From previous grades:
polygon,
rhombus/rhombi,
rectangle, square,
triangle, quadrilateral,
pentagon, hexagon, cube,
trapezoid, half/quarter
circle, circle, cone,
cylinder, sphere

Fifth Grade
Operations and
Algebraic
Thinking

Number and
Operations in Base
Ten

Number and
Operations- Fractions

North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (DRAFT)

Measurement
and Data

Geometry

Write and interpret

numerical
expressions.
parentheses, brackets,
braces, numerical
expressions
Analyze patterns
and relationships.
numerical patterns,
rules, ordered pairs,
coordinate plane

Understand the place

value system.
place value, decimal,
decimal point, patterns,
multiply, divide, tenths,
thousands, greater than,
less than, equal to, , ,
=, compare/comparison,
round
Perform operations
with multi-digit whole
numbers and with
decimals to
hundredths.
multiplication/multiply,
division/division,
decimal, decimal point,
tenths, hundredths,
products, quotients,
dividends, divisor,
rectangular arrays, area
models, addition/add,
subtraction/subtract,
(properties)-rules about
how numbers work,
reasoning

Use equivalent fractions

as a strategy to add and
subtract fractions.
fraction, equivalent,
addition/ add, sum,
subtraction/subtract,
difference, unlike
denominator, numerator,
benchmark fraction,
estimate, reasonableness,
mixed numbers
Apply and extend
previous understanding
of multiplication and
division to multiply and
divide fractions.
fraction, numerator,
denominator, operations,
multiplication/multiply,
division/divide, mixed
numbers, product,
quotient, partition, equal
parts, equivalent, factor,
unit fraction, area, side
lengths, fractional sides
lengths, scaling,
comparing

North Carolina Department of Public Instruction (DRAFT)

Convert like measurement units

within a given measurement
system.
conversion/convert, metric and
customary measurement
From previous grades: relative size,
liquid volume, mass, length,
kilometer (km), meter (m),
centimeter (cm), kilogram (kg),
gram (g), liter (L), milliliter (mL),
inch (in), foot (ft), yard (yd), mile
(mi), ounce (oz), pound (lb), cup
(c), pint (pt), quart (qt), gallon (gal),
hour, minute, second, a.m., p.m.,
clockwise, counter clockwise
Present and interpret data.
line plot, length, mass, liquid
volume
Geometric measurement:
understand concepts of volume
and relate volume to
multiplication and to addition.
measurement, attribute, volume,
solid figure, right rectangular prism,
unit, unit cube, gap, overlap, cubic
units (cubic cm, cubic in. cubic ft.
nonstandard cubic units),
multiplication, addition, edge
lengths, height, area of base

Graph points on the

coordinate plane to solve
real-world and
mathematical problems.
coordinate system,
coordinate plane, first
quadrant, points, lines,
axis/axes, x-axis, y-axis,
horizontal, vertical,
intersection of lines,
origin, ordered pairs,
coordinates, x-coordinate,
y-coordinate
Classify two-dimensional
figures into categories
based on their properties.
attribute, category,
subcategory, hierarchy,
properties (attributes,
features), defining
characteristics and nondefining characteristic, ,
two dimensional
From previous grades:
polygon, rhombus/rhombi,
rectangle, square, triangle,
quadrilateral, pentagon,
hexagon, cube, trapezoid,
half/quarter circle, circle