-I

-1
-
.

3 : p 2
2 4 = 8
: p1
5+7 4
: p3
p1 p 3
p 2
-

.

x
x 3
( x ; y ) 2
x 2y = 3
-2
-
) x E ; p ( x
) p ( x

( x E ) :

x E ) . p ( x

.
x E

) p ( x ) p ( x

( !x E ) :

x
x = 1
x

x
4
1
= !x [ 0; ] cos x
2
2
!x
x =4
-
) x E ; p ( x
2

) p ( x

( x E ) :

E ) . p ( x x p ( x ) , E

) (.
.

2
x .
x 0
2
) ( x ; y
x y =1
-
) p ( x ; y E F

) p ( x ; y x
) p ( x ; y

( x E ) :

y . x
. y
1

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

 ) p ( x ; y

y =x
2

) ( x E

) ( x ) ( y

) ( x = 1
) x + y = 2

( y

) . ( y F

( x

)
( y ) ( x ) x + y = 2
( x ) ( y ) x + y x + y .
( x ) ( y ) x + y = 3 .

.
.
-II
-1
-
p p p p
p p
p.
p

p
1
0
1 2 1 2
3 3
-
* ) x E A ( X
A (X

p
1
0

A (X

)
) A (X

. x E

* )
* ) ( x E ) ( y F ) A ( x ; y ) ( x E ) ( y F ) A ( x ; y
) ( x E ) ( y F ) A ( x ; y ) ( x E ) ( y F ) A ( x ; y
( z 0 ) ( x ]0;1[ ) ( y ]0;1[ ) : x 2 + y 2 z
x E

. x E

- ) (
p p.
( x E ) : A ( x ) ( x E ) : A ( x )

1
x * : x + 2
x
1
1

5
x * : x + 2
x = 2
2 +
=
2
x
2 2
1
x * : x + 2
x
-2

p q p q .
) p ( q p q
p q

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

p q
1
1
1
0

q
1
0
1
0

p
1
1
0
0

2
22 = 4 3 1

* ) p ( q ) q ( p
* r) p ( q ) r ( p q .
-3

p q p q .
) p ( q p q
p q
2

p q
1
0
0
0

q
1
0
1
0

p
1
1
0
0

2
) x 2 0

( x

3 1

* ) p ( q ) q ( p
* r) p ( q ) r ( p q .

pq = p q

* p q = p q
-4

p q p q.
p q p q

p q
p q
1
0
1
1

x 0 4 + 1 = 5

q
1
0
1
0

p
1
1
0
0

2 1 1 = 2 + 3
3 2 = 9 5 1 = 20
(
x 0 ) 2 1 = 1

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

 p q q . p

* p q ) ( p q
* q p . p q
* p q p q.
p q

x
1
3x + 5 11

2 x

x +4
3
2
3x + 5 11
1
(

) 2 x
x +4
2
3
-5

p q
) p q ( q p p q p q
p q p q p q p q
p q
p q
1
0
0
1

q
1
0
1
0

p
1
1
0
0

) 5 ( 3 2
) -1 ( 5 + 2 = 3
) ( 2 1 1

* ) ( p q ) (q p

* ) ( p (q r ) ) ( ( p q ) r

)p q (p q
(p q) p q

)p q (p q

-III
...r ; q ; p
...r ; q ; p
-1

pp

pp

( p ( p q )) q

) ( p q ) (q r ) ( p r

* ( p ( p q ) ) q .

q
4

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

 p q p q.
* ) ( p q ) (q r ) ( p r .
-2
* - LOIS DE MORGAN

(p q) p q
(p q) p q
) p (q r ) ( p q ) ( p r
) p (q r ) ( p q ) ( p r

2x y = 2
2
2
x y = 0

) ( x ; y ) S 2x y = 2 ( x y = 0 x + y = 0
) ( 2x y = 2 x y = 0

) ( 2x y = 2 x + y = 0
2
2

( x = 2 y = 2) x = y =
3
3

2 2
S = ( 2; 2 ) ; ;
3 3

2
x : x + 1 0 x 1 0

x +y
x
y
1
( x ; y ) [0;1] 0
1 + xy
* -
.
) ( A B ) ( B C ) ( A C

) (
) ( A B ) ( B C ) ( A C.

) (x ; y

x +y
) ( x ; y ) = ( 2;8
2
* -
( A B ) B A

= x 1 + 2 y 4

A B
B A A B

x

x +2
x 8
2
x +5

( A B ) A B

* -

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr

( )

( B C B C ) B
) (
B B C) C
( C ) B C(
C . B.
.
2
* -
(( A B ) ( B C )) ( A B ) C

A B C A C B C
C.

( A C ) A C C A A .

2
x x 1 + 1 = 0

-VI

) p ( n n
n 0 ) p ( n 0 .
)p ( n ) p ( n + 1

n n 0 . ) ( n n 0 ) : p ( n.

) ( n n 0 ) : p ( n

:
) p ( n n n 0

) p ( n 0
) p ( n + 1.

n 4 2n n 2
)n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1
= n * 12 + 22 + .... + n 2
6

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.site.voila.fr