Astronomsko drutvo ANONYMUS, Valpovo

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U

ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

Denis Vida
2. razred

Mentor: Robert Gregi

rgregic@foi.hr

2008./2009., Valpovo

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

SADRAJ

1. UVOD ................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Povod radu .............................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Uzroci problema ...................................................................................................... 4

2. CILJ RADA ............................................................................................. 4

3. MJERENJA I METODE OBRADE ............................................................... 5
3.1 Koritena oprema .................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Prva metoda ispravljanja greaka - guiding .............................................................. 6
3.3 Druga metoda ispravljanja greaka - autoguiding..................................................... 7
3.4 Kako postaviti autoguiding? ..................................................................................... 8
1.1 Rad s programom PHD guiding................................................................................. 9

4. REZULTATI .......................................................................................... 10
5. RASPRAVA .......................................................................................... 12
6. ZAKLJUAK ......................................................................................... 13
7. IVOTOPIS .......................................................................................... 14
8. POPIS LITERATURE .............................................................................. 15
9. PRILOZI............................................................................................... 16

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

1. UVOD
1. 1 Povod radu
lanovi astronomskog drutva ANONYMUS ve dugi niz godina organiziraju
promatranja, kako za lanove, tako i za javnost. Godine 2006. drutvo je kupilo teleskop
Celestron C8 XLT s GO-TO montaom Celestron CG-5GT koja ima mogunost
praenja objekta na nebu. Prva promatranja koja su se njime vrila bila su iskljuivo
vizualna. Najei objekti promatranja bili su planeti sunevog sustava, maglice, galaksije
i zvjezdani skupovi. S vremenom se javila potreba da se iza promatranja ostavi nekakav
trag. Kupio se DSLR fotoaparat Canon 300D za snimanje maglica, galaksija i zvjezdanih
skupova, te web kamera Philips TouCam Pro II za snimanje planeta i Mjeseca. Ve na
poetku zamijetio se problem na slikama. Pri snimanju promatranog objekta dulje od 30tak sekundi na slikama su se zvijezde pojavljivale kao linije, a promatrani objekt, u
veini sluajeva neka maglica, je djelovala kao da je "razmrljana".

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

1. 2 Uzroci problema
Saznao sam da su "razmrljane" slike est problem kod astrofotografije i uzrokuje ga
nekoliko faktora:
loe usjeveravanje teleskopa
neusklaena brzina rotacije motora s pomakom nebeskog svoda
nesavrenost zupanika u montai
pomicanje teita teleskopa pri praenju objekta na nebu
hodanje ili bilo kakve vibracije na tlu oko teleskopa

2. CILJ RADA
Cilj ovog rada je odrediti i analizirati pogreke montae koju emo koristiti, te to
primijeniti na dobivanje vieminutnih fotografija maglica i zvjezdanih skupova na
kojima se ne primjeuju pomaci. Kasnije se sustav koji u napraviti moe koristiti za
razne fotometrije, astrometrije, otkrivanje promjenjivih zvijezda ili svjetlijih
asteroida.
Nakon to napravim sustav koji e moi proizvoditi kvalitetne astrofotografije, on e
ostati u drutvu i moi e se kontinuirano koristiti. Ako bude potrebe da se napravi jo
jedan takav, po mogunosti napredniji sustav, moi e se to uraditi zbog prethodnog
iskustva sa sadanjim.

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

3. MJERENJA I METODE OBRADE

3. 1 Koritena oprema
Teleskop Celestron C8-SGT XLT,
Schmidt-Cassegrain,
D=203 mm, f/10

Teleskop Skywatcher 80ED PRO OTA,

refraktor,
D=80mm, f/7.5

Montaa Celestron CG-5GT,

GOTO opcija,
Tracking

Web kamera Philips Toucam Pro II,

USB, rezolucija 640x480,
1.25" adapter

Laptop HP 6715b,
2 GB RAM,
procesor AMD Turion64 X2 TL58,
15.4" LCD zaslon

Kabel NexStar RS-232,

spajanje laptopa s teleskopom

Fotoaparat Canon 300D,

6.3 megapiksela
CMOS senzor
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AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

3. 2 Prva metoda ispravljanja greaka - guiding

Pomaci na fotografijama se mogu rijeiti metodom guidinga. Uz standardnu opremu
teleskopa (montaa koja ima mogunost praenja, okulari, te sam teleskop) dodajemo jo
jedan manji teleskop. Njega se moe privrstiti na glavni, vei teleskop pomou tzv.
ringova:
Manji teleskop
(guider)

Vei teleskop

Ali ako imamo montau kao nau, Celestron CG5-GT, moe da se staviti paralelno s njim
na mjesto utega:

Vei teleskop
Manji teleskop
(guider)

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

Taj manji teleskop (guider) nam slui da kroz njega

promatramo jednu sjajniji zvijezdu i koristei
micro guide okular (okular koji preko vidnog polja
ima oznaenu skalu i oznaeno sredite, te posjeduje
osvjetljenje kojem skala i sredite postaju jasno
vidljivi).

Pogled kroz micro guide okular

Pomou takvog okulara gledamo prati li dobro

montaa zvijezdu, i ako primijetimo pomak,
ispravljamo ga vraajui montau na pravo
mjesto dok zvijezda se postigne eljeni poloaj.

Ovakva metoda ispravljanja greaka montae zna biti vrlo duga i mukotrpna jer esto
moramo pogledavati kroz guider teleskop, te nekada moe doi i do neeljenog dodira
ili udarca teleskopa zbog uvjeta u kojima se radi. Zbog toga sam se odluio iskuati
drugaiju metodu.
3. 3 Druga metoda ispravljanja greaka - autoguiding
Saznao sam da se umjesto oslanjanja na micro guide okular i vlastite oi, moe koristit
web kamera, u mom sluaju to je Philips Toucam Pro II, koju smo prije koristili za
snimanje Mjeseca i planeta. Nju se umetne na mjesto micro guide okulara, spoji sa
laptopom i teleskopom, te uz pomo programa "PHD guiding" se vri autoguiding.
Autoguiding je metoda ispravljanja pogreki u praenju montae, nakon ijeg
postavljanja sustav teleskopa, kamere, raunala i montae, potpomognut odgovarajuim
softverom, sam obavlja ispravljanje greaka.
Postavljanje autoguidinga traje due od postavljanja guidinga micro guiderom, ali kasnije
pri samom fotografiranju nebeskih objekata zahtjeva manje vremena.

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

3. 4 Kako postaviti autoguiding?

1. Montiranje glavnog teleskopa i vrenja aligna montae

2. Montiranje manjeg, guider teleskopa umjesto utega i stavljanje web kamere (Philips
TouCam Pro II)

4. Umjesto okulara glavnog teleskopa umeemo fotoaparat (Canon 300D)

5. Postavimo laptop pored teleskopa, spojimo ga na napajanje, spojimo ga s teleskopom
(koristei NexStar RS-232 kabel) i spojimo ga s web kamerom

6. Okrenemo montau prema nekoj svjetlijoj zvijezdi da izotrimo oba teleskopa

7. Okrenemo montau prema objektu koji emo fotografirati
8. Pokrenemo program PHD Guiding, napravimo kalibraciju i program automatski pone
guiding

Izgled postavljenog sustava

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

3. 5 Rad s programom PHD guiding

PHD Guiding je besplatan program koji slui za autoguiding. Njegovo suelje je vrlo
jednostavno i intuitivno na to upuuje i njegov naziv
PHD = Push Here Dummy.

1.

Skinemo program s web adrese http://www.starklabs.com/phdguiding.html

2. Instaliramo skinuti program

3. Pokrenemo PHD guiding
4. Klikom na sliicu fotoaparata odaberemo Philips TouCam
Pro II web kameru, nakon odabira kliknemo na "OK"

5.

Klikom na sliicu teleskopa otvara se prozor iz kojeg

biramo vrstu naeg teleskopa, u naem sluaju je to opcija
ASCOM, to je protokol preko kojeg Celestronovi teleskopi
komuniciraju s raunalom

6.

Klikom na sliicu koja izgleda kao mozak, dobivamo

napredne opcije u kojima emo odabrati "Log info", pri emu
e program biljeiti greke u jednu tekstualnu datoteku

7.

Klikom na sliicu strjelice pokreemo proces koji nam pomae pri izotravanju i
pokazuje vidno polje kamere, te kada smo gotovi s
izotravanjem kliknemo na jednu od svjetlijih zvijezda

8.

Klikom na sliicu na kojoj pie "PHD", program

poinje s kalibracijom i autoguidingom
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AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

4. REZULTATI
Nakon 22 minute autoguidinga to ga je PHD guiding odradio, iz tekstualne datoteke s
grekama sam pomou programa PHD log analyzer pretvorio brojane podatke u grafove.
Svaka plava toka na grafu predstavlja trenutak u kojem je izvrena ispravka greka i na
kojoj je udaljenosti sredite bilo od poloaja zvijezde.
Vrijednosti na X osi su izraene u rednom broju mjerenja, a vrijednosti na Y osi su
izraene u broju piksela koliko je sredite bilo udaljeno od poloaja zvijezde.
Na ovom grafu su prikazane greke montae u praenju visine zvijezde.

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AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

Na ovom grafu su prikazane greke montae u praenju azimuta zvijezde.

Koristei metodu autoguidinga dobio sam i neke vrlo dobre astrofotografije.

M42

M13

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AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

5. RASPRAVA
Na grafovima na kojima su prikazane pogreke montae u visini i azimutu promatrane
zvijezde u poetku se moe zamijetiti da se greke ne ponavljaju periodiki kao to je to
sluaj u kasnijim ispravcima. Razlog tome je to PHD guideru treba malo vie vremena
da uspostavi ravnoteu ispravaka kao to je to uspio kasnije.
Takoer se primjeuje da na grafu koji ispravlja greke visine, greke se ee pojavljuju
u pozitivnom smjeru, a na grafu koji ispravlja greke azimuta, greke se ee
pojavljuju u negativnom smjeru. Razlog tome je to ravnotea izmeu glavnog i guider
teleskopa je pomaknuta prema guider teleskopu i greke se tee pojavljivati na strani
na koju guider teleskop vue.
Pri kraju oba grafa se mogu primijetiti toke koje naglo iskau iz normalnih periodikih
greaka. One su uzrokovane dodirom s teleskopom i hodanjem oko njega.
Usporeujui priloenu sliku iz uvoda i zadnje dvije astrofotografije, moe se primijetiti
da zvijezde vie ne izgledaju kao linije, te da je kvaliteta openito bolja.
U prilozima se nalazi usporedba krivulja ispravaka visine i azimuta zvijezde na istom
grafu.

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AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

6. ZAKLJUAK
Uporaba autoguidinga je vrlo korisna stvar, a koriste je veina poznatijih astrofotografa.
Uspostaviti sustav teleskopa koji koriste autoguiding nije lak posao, ali ga je mogue
napraviti. Uvidio sam da drutvo pri astrofotografiji ima velikih problema, pa sam naao
rjeenje.
Izmeu dvije mogue metode ispravljanja greaka montae teleskopa (guidinga micro
guide okularom i autoguidinga) izabrao sam onu koju je tee postaviti i napraviti, ali
dugotrajnije daje bolje rezultate.
Utvrdio sam da montaa ini vrlo velike greke u praenju zvijezda.
Dobio sam i vrlo dobre astrofotografije kakve nisam mogao snimiti prije koritenja
autoguidinga.

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AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

7. IVOTOPIS
Ja sam Denis Vida. Roen sam 21. rujna 1992. lan sam astronomskog drutva
Anonymus tek dvije godine, no astronomija me zanima ve dugi niz godina. U
astronomiji me najvie zanima astrofotografija i kozmologija.
Pratim sve vee astronomske dogaaje i redovito ih fotografiram svojom opremom ili
opremom drutva. Za sada se mogu pohvaliti snimanjem kometa Holmesa, Mjeseca,
planeta Venere, maglica M42, M27, M57, galaksija M31, M51, M81, M82, kuglastih
skupova M13 i M92, te otvorenog skupa M45.
Drugi puta sudjelujem na natjecanju iz astronomije, a ljetos sam pohaao vinjansku
kolu astronomije (VSA) u organizaciji Korada Korlevia, te radio u grupi koja se bavila
automatizacijom metarskog teleskopa u zvjezdarnici na Tianu.
lan sam Hrvatske Meteorske Mree i nedavno sam sudjelovao na njihovom Workshopu
odranom u Vinjanu.
Ove godine planiram prisustvovati IMC-u 2009. (International Meteor Conference) u
organizaciji IMO-a (International Meteor Organization).

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AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

8. POPIS LITERATURE
Knjige i lanci:
(1) Beri; Frle; Kovai; Rabuzin; Tadej; Vrnak;. "Astronomija: metode
promatranja i prouavanja", Narodna Tehnika Hrvatske, Zagreb, 1982.
(2) Vujnovi, Vladis;. "Astronomija", Element, Zagreb, 1997.
(3) Ivica Skoki;. "Messier Atlas", Valpovo, 2002.
(4) Vujnovi, Vladis; "Rjenik astronomije i fizike svemirskog prostora", kolska
Knjiga, Zagreb, 2004.
Internet:
(1) http://www.anonymus.hr (veljaa 2009.)
(2) http://www.stark-labs.com/phdguiding.html (prosinac 2008.)

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AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

9. PRILOZI
Ovako izgledaju izlazni podaci iz PHD guidinga prije stavljanja u grafove:
PHD Guide 1.9.0 -- 12/25/08 22:27:07
Guiding begun
lock 155.7 293.0, star 155.7 293.0, Min Motion 3.00
RA angle -2.88, rate 0.0158 aggr 0.4
DEC angle -1.10, rate 0.0054, Dec mode 1, Algo 0
Frame,Time,dx,dy,Theta,RADuration,RADistance,DECD
uration,DECDistance
1,0.500,3.28,1.03,0.3,0.0,-2.75,0.0,-0.00
2,1.094,2.54,1.11,0.4,0.0,-2.74,0.0,-0.00
3,1.703,2.52,0.84,0.3,0.0,-2.66,0.0,-0.00
4,2.297,3.25,0.99,0.3,82.1,-3.25,0.0,-0.00
5,3.157,1.77,2.09,0.9,0.0,-2.44,0.0,-0.00
6,3.766,1.37,2.86,1.1,0.0,-2.13,0.0,-0.00
7,4.375,1.30,2.00,1.0,0.0,-1.84,0.0,-0.00
8,4.969,0.35,2.44,1.4,0.0,-1.14,0.0,-0.00
9,5.578,0.74,1.58,1.1,0.0,-1.12,0.0,-0.00
10,6.172,1.10,3.18,1.2,0.0,-1.72,0.0,1.06
11,6.782,1.63,2.57,1.0,0.0,-2.13,0.0,1.07
12,7.391,1.86,2.43,0.9,0.0,-2.36,0.0,1.20
13,7.985,1.46,1.49,0.8,0.0,-1.91,0.0,1.20
14,8.672,2.63,1.55,0.5,0.0,-2.73,0.0,1.20
15,9.344,2.49,2.58,0.8,75.9,-3.00,0.0,1.20
16,10.297,0.73,2.18,1.2,0.0,-1.61,0.0,1.32
17,10.985,0.95,1.88,1.1,0.0,-1.44,0.0,1.25
18,11.672,0.88,2.36,1.2,0.0,-1.45,0.0,1.32
19,12.344,0.57,2.66,1.4,0.0,-1.28,0.0,1.32
20,13.032,7.20,3.65,0.5,166.2,-6.57,0.0,1.32
21,14.172,5.56,3.49,0.6,160.0,-6.33,0.0,1.25
22,15.219,2.73,3.22,0.9,102.0,-4.03,0.0,1.25
23,16.219,1.44,3.05,1.1,0.0,-2.55,0.0,1.25
24,16.907,1.47,2.71,1.1,0.0,-2.20,0.0,1.62
25,17.578,1.80,2.63,1.0,0.0,-2.37,0.0,1.62
26,18.266,2.43,3.08,0.9,0.0,-2.99,0.0,1.64
27,18.938,2.82,3.52,0.9,88.3,-3.49,0.0,1.64
28,19.875,9.77,4.58,0.4,232.5,-9.19,0.0,1.64
29,21.063,6.28,3.95,0.6,189.7,-7.50,0.0,1.64
30,22.078,3.16,3.53,0.8,118.0,-4.66,0.0,1.64
31,23.016,2.02,3.43,1.0,80.9,-3.20,0.0,1.64
32,23.875,0.69,4.05,1.4,0.0,-2.00,0.0,1.72
33,24.485,-0.02,3.97,1.6,0.0,-1.20,0.0,1.75
34,25.094,0.93,3.74,1.3,0.0,-1.72,0.0,1.75
35,25.688,1.02,3.37,1.3,0.0,-1.82,0.0,1.86
36,26.297,8.59,-7.82,-0.7,136.9,-5.41,0.0,1.86
37,27.266,10.62,-16.39,-1.0,150.6,-5.96,0.0,1.86
38,28.313,9.28,-19.72,-1.1,109.9,-4.35,0.0,1.72
39,29.266,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.87,0,0
40,30.016,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.17,0,0
41,30.750,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.03,0,0
42,31.485,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.01,0,0
43,32.219,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.00,0,0
44,32.953,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.00,0,0
45,33.703,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.00,0,0
46,34.438,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.00,0,0
47,35.172,0.00,0.00,0.0,0.0,-0.00,0,0
48,35.907,7.67,-16.36,-1.1,0.0,-2.59,0.0,1.72
49,36.516,7.41,-16.20,-1.1,0.0,-2.94,0.0,1.72
50,37.125,7.03,-15.63,-1.1,0.0,-2.83,183.7,-10.87
51,38.125,8.46,-15.45,-1.1,100.1,-3.96,289.4,-17.11
52,39.672,6.73,-14.99,-1.1,0.0,-2.94,289.4,-17.11
53,40.828,6.94,-14.29,-1.1,76.9,-3.04,289.4,-17.11
54,42.313,5.60,-15.13,-1.2,0.0,-1.85,289.4,-17.11
55,43.547,4.87,-13.45,-1.2,0.0,-1.39,289.4,-17.11
56,44.766,3.42,-11.85,-1.3,0.0,-0.50,289.4,-17.11
57,46.032,3.92,-11.55,-1.2,0.0,-0.77,277.6,-16.42
58,47.188,4.06,-11.04,-1.2,0.0,-1.04,270.9,-16.02
59,48.360,3.52,-9.94,-1.2,0.0,-0.90,268.5,-15.88
60,49.516,3.49,-8.81,-1.2,0.0,-1.08,240.1,-14.20
61,50.610,2.88,-8.39,-1.2,0.0,-0.73,204.9,-12.12
62,51.657,1.57,-7.17,-1.4,0.0,0.10,204.1,-12.07
63,52.766,1.52,-7.43,-1.4,0.0,0.36,197.5,-11.68
64,53.875,1.30,-5.05,-1.3,0.0,0.09,176.8,-10.46
65,54.953,1.41,-4.75,-1.3,0.0,-0.10,159.6,-9.44
66,55.953,0.34,-3.10,-1.5,0.0,0.35,148.6,-8.79
67,56.922,0.23,-3.08,-1.5,0.0,0.52,123.6,-7.31
68,57.922,-0.51,-2.34,-1.8,0.0,0.98,120.1,-7.11
69,58.922,-0.46,-1.32,-1.9,0.0,0.82,86.1,-5.09
70,59.766,-0.74,-0.93,-2.2,0.0,0.93,82.4,-4.87
71,60.641,-1.93,0.51,2.9,0.0,1.57,0.0,-2.92
72,61.235,-0.72,0.38,2.7,0.0,0.80,0.0,-2.85
73,61.844,-1.31,0.83,2.6,0.0,1.01,0.0,-1.85
74,62.453,-2.14,0.17,3.1,0.0,1.82,0.0,-0.97
75,63.047,-2.25,0.15,3.1,0.0,2.08,0.0,-0.49
76,63.657,-1.74,0.77,2.7,0.0,1.60,0.0,0.67
77,64.266,-1.48,0.76,2.7,0.0,1.31,0.0,1.12
78,64.860,-1.59,0.97,2.6,0.0,1.29,0.0,1.16
79,65.469,-1.13,0.70,2.6,0.0,0.99,0.0,1.16
80,66.063,-1.75,0.61,2.8,0.0,1.42,0.0,1.33
81,66.672,-1.47,0.42,2.9,0.0,1.34,0.0,1.33
82,67.282,-1.58,1.34,2.4,0.0,1.21,0.0,1.33
83,67.875,-2.07,1.51,2.5,0.0,1.54,0.0,1.34
84,68.485,-1.99,1.50,2.5,0.0,1.54,0.0,1.35
85,69.094,-1.51,1.55,2.3,0.0,1.16,0.0,1.47
86,69.688,-1.49,1.31,2.4,0.0,1.12,0.0,1.59
87,70.297,-1.52,0.76,2.7,0.0,1.24,0.0,1.59
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103,79.969,-0.61,2.19,1.8,0.0,0.03,0.0,2.25
104,80.578,-0.68,2.10,1.9,0.0,0.11,0.0,2.23
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106,81.782,-0.32,2.28,1.7,0.0,-0.29,0.0,2.19
107,82.391,-0.12,3.16,1.6,0.0,-0.61,0.0,2.19
108,82.985,0.05,3.25,1.6,0.0,-0.83,0.0,2.23
109,83.594,0.07,3.52,1.6,0.0,-0.93,0.0,2.23
110,84.203,1.70,3.91,1.2,0.0,-2.30,0.0,2.25
111,84.813,1.11,2.83,1.2,0.0,-1.89,0.0,2.25
112,85.422,0.62,3.36,1.4,0.0,-1.54,0.0,2.34
113,86.016,0.96,3.22,1.3,0.0,-1.70,0.0,2.44
114,86.625,0.32,3.18,1.5,0.0,-1.24,0.0,2.69
115,87.235,0.66,3.14,1.4,0.0,-1.40,0.0,2.69
116,87.828,1.58,3.08,1.1,0.0,-2.13,0.0,2.69
117,88.438,0.48,3.55,1.4,0.0,-1.52,0.0,2.71
118,89.032,1.16,3.06,1.2,0.0,-1.82,0.0,2.69
119,89.625,1.15,3.40,1.2,0.0,-1.95,0.0,2.51
120,90.235,1.11,2.86,1.2,0.0,-1.83,0.0,2.51
121,90.875,1.58,3.10,1.1,0.0,-2.22,0.0,2.44
122,91.469,1.63,3.00,1.1,0.0,-2.32,0.0,2.44
123,92.078,1.51,3.64,1.2,0.0,-2.37,0.0,2.44
124,92.688,1.65,3.75,1.2,0.0,-2.52,0.0,2.51
125,93.282,1.25,2.93,1.2,0.0,-2.07,0.0,2.20
126,93.891,0.90,2.79,1.3,0.0,-1.68,0.0,2.08
127,94.500,1.24,2.62,1.1,0.0,-1.83,0.0,2.08
128,95.094,1.12,2.91,1.2,0.0,-1.83,0.0,2.08
129,95.703,1.08,3.01,1.2,0.0,-1.82,0.0,2.08
130,96.297,0.99,3.29,1.3,0.0,-1.80,0.0,2.08
131,96.907,1.75,2.98,1.0,0.0,-2.32,0.0,2.08
132,97.500,1.28,3.29,1.2,0.0,-2.13,0.0,2.08
133,98.110,0.56,3.53,1.4,0.0,-1.58,0.0,2.19
134,98.703,1.54,3.70,1.2,0.0,-2.26,0.0,2.19
135,99.313,1.85,2.71,1.0,0.0,-2.44,0.0,2.08
136,99.907,1.74,3.52,1.1,0.0,-2.55,0.0,2.19
137,100.516,1.58,3.32,1.1,0.0,-2.41,0.0,2.25
138,101.110,1.11,3.60,1.3,0.0,-2.07,0.0,2.35
139,101.719,1.92,3.50,1.1,0.0,-2.61,0.0,2.35
140,102.313,3.02,2.86,0.8,87.0,-3.44,0.0,2.35
141,103.157,1.13,3.38,1.2,0.0,-2.25,0.0,2.35
142,103.766,0.35,3.10,1.5,0.0,-1.35,0.0,2.35
143,104.438,0.96,3.77,1.3,0.0,-1.78,0.0,2.50
144,105.110,0.90,3.75,1.3,0.0,-1.82,0.0,2.50
145,105.703,1.42,3.75,1.2,0.0,-2.22,0.0,2.50
146,106.313,1.57,3.90,1.2,0.0,-2.45,0.0,2.61
147,106.907,1.61,3.84,1.2,0.0,-2.52,0.0,2.69
148,107.516,1.62,4.97,1.3,0.0,-2.77,0.0,2.70
149,108.110,1.65,4.13,1.2,0.0,-2.67,0.0,2.70
150,108.719,1.24,4.11,1.3,0.0,-2.33,0.0,2.77
151,109.313,0.78,4.41,1.4,0.0,-1.97,0.0,2.92
152,109.907,0.79,4.69,1.4,0.0,-1.96,0.0,2.93
153,110.516,0.29,4.90,1.5,0.0,-1.62,0.0,2.93
154,111.110,-0.55,3.90,1.7,0.0,-0.70,52.6,3.11
155,112.360,5.70,-6.10,-0.8,83.5,-3.30,52.6,3.11
156,113.438,6.34,-7.21,-0.8,103.5,-4.09,52.6,3.11
157,114.532,5.32,-9.17,-1.0,77.5,-3.07,52.6,3.11
158,115.625,4.31,-10.15,-1.2,0.0,-1.87,52.6,3.11
159,116.438,3.54,-9.99,-1.2,0.0,-1.07,0.0,2.93
160,117.047,3.55,-9.62,-1.2,0.0,-0.99,135.6,-8.02
161,118.407,-0.67,-6.03,-1.7,0.0,1.55,135.6,-8.02
162,119.344,-0.28,-4.73,-1.6,0.0,1.49,135.6,-8.02
163,120.282,0.38,-5.04,-1.5,0.0,1.03,135.6,-8.02
164,121.219,-0.72,-4.54,-1.7,0.0,1.69,135.6,-8.02
165,122.172,-0.96,-4.98,-1.8,0.0,2.10,135.6,-8.02
166,123.125,-1.79,-4.18,-2.0,0.0,2.66,85.8,-5.07
167,123.985,-2.48,-4.46,-2.1,84.9,3.36,78.9,-4.67
168,125.094,-1.90,-3.76,-2.0,0.0,2.91,69.3,-4.10
169,125.938,-2.15,-4.58,-2.0,80.5,3.18,67.8,-4.01
170,127.000,-0.71,-4.09,-1.7,0.0,2.02,63.0,-3.73
171,127.813,0.25,-3.10,-1.5,0.0,0.84,56.2,-3.32
172,128.641,-0.36,-2.72,-1.7,0.0,1.00,52.7,-3.11
173,129.641,-0.34,-3.47,-1.7,0.0,1.17,0.0,-2.94
174,130.313,-0.21,-2.29,-1.7,0.0,0.87,0.0,-2.92
175,131.000,-0.60,-1.93,-1.9,0.0,1.04,0.0,-2.87
176,131.672,-0.98,-2.41,-2.0,0.0,1.46,0.0,-2.86
177,132.360,-0.80,-2.14,-1.9,0.0,1.35,0.0,-2.49
178,132.953,-0.45,-3.28,-1.7,0.0,1.28,0.0,-2.49
179,133.563,-0.95,-3.26,-1.9,0.0,1.66,0.0,-2.48
180,134.172,-0.77,-2.89,-1.8,0.0,1.52,0.0,-2.27
181,134.844,-1.22,-2.89,-2.0,0.0,1.83,0.0,-2.23
182,135.453,-0.90,-2.59,-1.9,0.0,1.60,0.0,-2.03
183,136.047,-0.51,-2.28,-1.8,0.0,1.18,0.0,-1.95
184,136.657,0.04,-1.85,-1.5,0.0,0.58,0.0,-1.91
185,137.266,0.25,-2.42,-1.5,0.0,0.42,0.0,-1.91
186,137.860,-0.03,-2.57,-1.6,0.0,0.63,0.0,-2.03
187,138.469,-0.44,-2.03,-1.8,0.0,0.88,0.0,-2.03
188,139.063,-0.96,-2.64,-1.9,0.0,1.46,0.0,-2.03
189,139.672,-1.20,-2.31,-2.0,0.0,1.69,0.0,-1.93
190,140.282,-1.15,-2.69,-2.0,0.0,1.77,0.0,-1.91
191,140.875,-0.54,-2.21,-1.8,0.0,1.22,0.0,-1.88
192,141.485,-0.61,-2.17,-1.8,0.0,1.16,0.0,-1.81
193,142.094,-0.96,-2.45,-1.9,0.0,1.47,0.0,-1.75
194,142.688,-0.74,-3.19,-1.8,0.0,1.52,0.0,-1.75
195,143.297,-0.54,-3.03,-1.7,0.0,1.34,0.0,-1.88

196,143.891,-1.02,-2.16,-2.0,0.0,1.50,0.0,-1.75
197,144.500,-0.83,-2.01,-2.0,0.0,1.35,0.0,-1.73
198,145.110,-0.97,-2.41,-2.0,0.0,1.52,0.0,-1.73
199,145.703,-0.52,-3.24,-1.7,0.0,1.37,0.0,-1.73
200,146.313,-0.54,-2.97,-1.8,0.0,1.30,0.0,-1.75
201,146.922,-0.58,-2.61,-1.8,0.0,1.24,0.0,-1.75
202,147.516,-0.39,-2.50,-1.7,0.0,1.06,0.0,-2.06
203,148.125,-0.17,-2.87,-1.6,0.0,0.93,0.0,-2.07
204,148.735,-0.29,-2.45,-1.7,0.0,0.91,0.0,-2.07
205,149.328,0.83,-2.31,-1.2,0.0,0.01,0.0,-2.07
206,149.938,1.29,-2.65,-1.1,0.0,-0.46,0.0,-2.07
207,150.532,1.12,-2.42,-1.1,0.0,-0.47,0.0,-2.41
208,151.141,1.15,-2.31,-1.1,0.0,-0.51,0.0,-2.44
209,151.750,0.35,-1.90,-1.4,0.0,0.02,0.0,-2.44
210,152.422,1.25,-1.59,-0.9,0.0,-0.64,0.0,-2.41
211,153.032,1.72,-2.12,-0.9,0.0,-1.03,0.0,-2.44
212,153.625,0.78,-2.25,-1.2,0.0,-0.35,0.0,-2.44
213,154.235,0.90,-1.88,-1.1,0.0,-0.39,0.0,-2.44
214,154.828,0.51,-2.39,-1.4,0.0,0.01,0.0,-2.37
215,155.438,1.09,-1.61,-1.0,0.0,-0.51,0.0,-2.37
216,156.047,1.64,-1.40,-0.7,0.0,-1.09,0.0,-2.36
217,156.641,1.33,-2.11,-1.0,0.0,-0.82,0.0,-2.36
218,157.250,1.32,-2.65,-1.1,0.0,-0.64,0.0,-2.36
219,157.860,2.34,-1.78,-0.7,0.0,-1.57,0.0,-2.36
220,158.453,2.43,-1.87,-0.7,0.0,-1.81,0.0,-2.37
221,159.063,2.37,-1.99,-0.7,0.0,-1.79,0.0,-2.49
222,159.672,2.85,-1.38,-0.5,0.0,-2.28,0.0,-2.49
223,160.266,1.86,-1.30,-0.6,0.0,-1.63,0.0,-2.49
224,160.875,2.74,-1.24,-0.4,0.0,-2.19,0.0,-2.49
225,161.485,3.13,-1.36,-0.4,0.0,-2.59,0.0,-2.52
226,162.078,2.25,-1.51,-0.6,0.0,-1.95,0.0,-2.52
227,162.688,1.83,-1.52,-0.7,0.0,-1.49,0.0,-2.52
228,163.297,1.96,-1.47,-0.6,0.0,-1.51,0.0,-2.52
229,163.907,1.52,-1.89,-0.9,0.0,-1.09,0.0,-2.37
230,164.578,1.65,-1.83,-0.8,0.0,-1.12,0.0,-2.37
231,165.250,1.78,-0.85,-0.4,0.0,-1.43,0.0,-2.37
232,165.938,1.73,-1.54,-0.7,0.0,-1.31,0.0,-2.34
233,166.532,1.65,-1.38,-0.7,0.0,-1.26,0.0,-2.19
234,167.141,1.47,-1.47,-0.8,0.0,-1.09,0.0,-2.19
235,167.750,0.72,-1.55,-1.1,0.0,-0.46,0.0,-2.18
236,168.422,0.58,-1.21,-1.1,0.0,-0.29,0.0,-2.16
237,169.032,1.44,-1.40,-0.8,0.0,-0.88,0.0,-1.98
238,169.625,1.44,-0.33,-0.2,0.0,-1.22,0.0,-1.98
239,170.235,1.40,-0.54,-0.4,0.0,-1.22,0.0,-1.90
240,170.844,1.19,-0.86,-0.6,0.0,-0.99,0.0,-1.71
241,171.438,0.73,-1.42,-1.1,0.0,-0.47,0.0,-1.60
242,172.047,1.28,-1.51,-0.9,0.0,-0.78,0.0,-1.71
243,172.641,1.11,-1.10,-0.8,0.0,-0.79,0.0,-1.60
244,173.250,1.58,-0.23,-0.1,0.0,-1.33,0.0,-1.49
245,173.844,1.44,-0.35,-0.2,0.0,-1.31,0.0,-1.34
246,174.453,1.17,-0.35,-0.3,0.0,-1.09,0.0,-1.30
247,175.047,0.92,-0.02,-0.0,0.0,-0.93,0.0,-1.12
248,175.657,0.61,-0.19,-0.3,0.0,-0.62,0.0,-0.96
249,176.250,0.27,-0.47,-1.1,0.0,-0.23,0.0,-0.96
250,176.860,-0.32,-0.47,-2.2,0.0,0.29,0.0,-0.92
251,177.453,-0.60,-0.64,-2.3,0.0,0.65,0.0,-0.84
252,178.063,-0.55,-0.29,-2.7,0.0,0.61,0.0,-0.54
253,178.657,-1.66,-0.16,-3.0,0.0,1.44,0.0,-0.44
254,179.266,-2.86,-0.81,-2.9,0.0,2.67,0.0,-0.43
255,179.875,-2.66,-1.44,-2.6,0.0,2.88,0.0,-0.30
256,180.532,-1.81,-1.50,-2.4,0.0,2.28,0.0,-0.30
257,181.219,-1.89,-1.37,-2.5,0.0,2.20,0.0,-0.30
258,181.875,-2.07,-0.86,-2.7,0.0,2.21,0.0,-0.28
259,182.547,-0.82,-0.18,-2.9,0.0,1.11,0.0,-0.08
260,183.219,-0.72,-0.01,-3.1,0.0,0.79,0.0,-0.01
261,183.907,-1.35,-0.37,-2.9,0.0,1.27,0.0,0.17
262,184.500,-1.79,-0.96,-2.6,0.0,1.83,0.0,0.17
263,185.110,-2.39,-0.73,-2.8,0.0,2.37,0.0,0.21
264,185.703,-3.64,-0.43,-3.0,85.5,3.38,0.0,0.21
265,186.547,-3.38,-0.11,-3.1,83.8,3.31,0.0,0.21
266,187.391,-2.42,-0.09,-3.1,0.0,2.55,0.0,0.28
267,188.000,-1.19,0.05,3.1,0.0,1.42,0.0,0.32
268,188.594,-1.85,0.36,3.0,0.0,1.64,0.0,0.43
269,189.203,-1.04,0.20,3.0,0.0,1.09,0.0,0.58
270,189.875,-0.38,0.68,2.1,0.0,0.37,0.0,0.65
271,190.469,-0.69,1.37,2.0,0.0,0.33,0.0,0.78
272,191.078,-0.65,1.47,2.0,0.0,0.27,0.0,1.01
273,191.672,-0.37,0.66,2.1,0.0,0.21,0.0,1.01
274,192.282,-0.17,1.06,1.7,0.0,-0.05,0.0,1.02
275,192.875,0.48,1.11,1.2,0.0,-0.61,0.0,1.01
276,193.485,0.09,0.21,1.2,0.0,-0.24,0.0,0.78
277,194.078,0.55,0.98,1.1,0.0,-0.67,0.0,0.77
278,194.688,0.67,1.17,1.1,0.0,-0.89,0.0,0.77
279,195.282,0.88,1.53,1.0,0.0,-1.17,0.0,0.77
280,195.891,1.21,1.63,0.9,0.0,-1.50,0.0,0.78
281,196.485,0.62,0.84,0.9,0.0,-0.95,0.0,0.77
282,197.094,0.69,1.35,1.1,0.0,-1.00,0.0,0.77
283,197.688,0.61,1.22,1.1,0.0,-0.92,0.0,0.77
284,198.297,0.65,1.13,1.0,0.0,-0.92,0.0,0.77
285,198.907,-0.15,1.45,1.7,0.0,-0.37,0.0,0.77
286,199.500,1.38,1.34,0.8,0.0,-1.41,0.0,0.74
287,200.110,1.53,1.32,0.7,0.0,-1.74,0.0,0.74
288,200.703,1.57,1.40,0.7,0.0,-1.85,0.0,0.74
289,201.313,0.73,1.85,1.2,0.0,-1.31,0.0,0.81
290,201.907,1.34,1.07,0.7,0.0,-1.51,0.0,0.71
291,202.516,1.32,1.29,0.8,0.0,-1.59,0.0,0.57
292,203.110,1.03,2.34,1.2,0.0,-1.59,0.0,0.71
293,203.719,0.82,2.72,1.3,0.0,-1.50,0.0,0.71
294,204.313,1.22,2.12,1.0,0.0,-1.68,0.0,0.71
295,204.922,1.56,1.94,0.9,0.0,-1.94,0.0,1.02
296,205.516,1.92,1.41,0.6,0.0,-2.16,0.0,0.57

16

297,206.125,1.75,1.72,0.8,0.0,-2.13,0.0,0.74
298,206.719,2.09,1.47,0.6,0.0,-2.34,0.0,0.74
299,207.328,1.96,1.37,0.6,0.0,-2.27,0.0,0.74
300,207.922,0.71,1.63,1.2,0.0,-1.34,0.0,0.74
301,208.532,1.28,1.10,0.7,0.0,-1.48,0.0,0.74
302,209.125,1.51,1.62,0.8,0.0,-1.79,0.0,0.77
303,209.735,1.81,1.75,0.8,0.0,-2.11,0.0,0.74
304,210.328,1.76,1.57,0.7,0.0,-2.11,0.0,0.74
305,210.938,1.31,1.26,0.8,0.0,-1.69,0.0,0.60
306,211.532,1.29,1.71,0.9,0.0,-1.68,0.0,0.60
307,212.141,1.71,2.05,0.9,0.0,-2.08,0.0,0.74
308,212.735,1.78,1.58,0.7,0.0,-2.12,0.0,0.61
309,213.344,2.05,1.72,0.7,0.0,-2.36,0.0,0.61
310,213.938,2.35,1.64,0.6,0.0,-2.62,0.0,0.61
311,214.547,2.86,2.49,0.7,82.0,-3.24,0.0,0.61
312,215.391,1.31,1.11,0.7,0.0,-1.89,0.0,0.61
313,216.063,0.96,1.94,1.1,0.0,-1.51,0.0,0.61
314,216.735,1.07,1.85,1.0,0.0,-1.51,0.0,0.61
315,217.391,1.14,1.43,0.9,0.0,-1.47,0.0,0.76
316,218.063,0.99,1.68,1.0,0.0,-1.40,0.0,0.93
317,218.657,1.49,1.23,0.7,0.0,-1.68,0.0,0.76
318,219.266,1.32,1.19,0.7,0.0,-1.60,0.0,0.61
319,219.860,1.26,1.55,0.9,0.0,-1.61,0.0,0.76
320,220.469,1.49,1.56,0.8,0.0,-1.80,0.0,0.76
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342,233.703,-1.65,1.07,2.6,0.0,1.18,0.0,1.38
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346,236.110,-2.71,1.05,2.8,0.0,2.24,0.0,1.78
347,236.719,-2.83,1.30,2.7,0.0,2.37,0.0,1.85
348,237.313,-2.64,1.54,2.6,0.0,2.20,0.0,2.05
349,237.922,-2.37,1.56,2.6,0.0,1.96,0.0,2.09
350,238.594,-2.94,1.86,2.6,0.0,2.28,0.0,2.09
351,239.282,-3.18,1.50,2.7,0.0,2.61,0.0,2.16
352,239.969,-2.82,2.41,2.4,0.0,2.21,0.0,2.44
353,240.657,-3.01,2.01,2.6,0.0,2.36,0.0,2.46
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358,243.672,-3.39,2.20,2.6,0.0,2.75,50.9,3.01
359,244.875,2.54,-8.75,-1.3,0.0,0.37,50.9,3.01
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362,247.250,5.15,-13.35,-1.2,0.0,-1.50,50.9,3.01
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365,250.125,2.23,-10.14,-1.4,0.0,-0.05,169.9,-10.05
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389,271.407,-0.84,-1.33,-2.1,0.0,1.15,0.0,-1.50
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392,273.203,-0.78,-0.88,-2.3,0.0,1.01,0.0,-0.78
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396,275.625,-1.76,-1.33,-2.5,0.0,1.87,0.0,-0.54
397,276.235,-2.26,-2.40,-2.3,0.0,2.61,0.0,-0.54

AUTOGUIDING I NJEGOVA PRIMJENA U ASTROFOTOGRAFIJI

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