* - .

a u + b v
* - .
* - .
-(I
-1
-1 A B C D

M N BM = AC AN = AC + AD
-2 ABCD O
M OM = AB + AD I DI = OD BC
CM = AO
BE + DF + EF + AB + ED + FA
-3 A B C D E
MN BD

-2
-

u
u = AB = CD = EF
-
0 = MM M

* - : 0

1
A B C D

AB = CD ] [ AD ] [ BC

] [ AD ] [ BC

2
A B C D :
AB = CD ABDC

A B C D

AB = CD AC = BD
AB = CD DB = CA

Moustaouli Mohamed

) (
) (

http://arabmaths.ift.fr

 -3
u - v
A B . AB = u
C . BC = v

A C w = AC
u

w=u +v
w u v w = u + v

-
A B C

AC = AB + BC

AC = AB + BC
-
O M N R
OM + ON = OR OMRN

u = OM v = ON
u + v = OR OMRN

* - u u + v = v + u v
* - u v ( u + v ) + w = u + ( v + w) w
* - u

u +0=0+u =u

-4 -
-

u = AB AB u u = AB

u
u
u u
* - : u

u + ( u ) = ( u ) + u = 0

* A B AB + BA = AA = 0
AB BA AB = BA

u v

) u v = u + ( v
u
u - v

-v

A B BC = AC AB C
-5

I ] [ AB AI = IB

I ] [ AB IA + IB = 0

ABC E F AE = CB

-1
-2 B

AF = AB + AC

] [ EF

(II

1
ABC AB = 6 M ] [ AB AM = 2

) ( BC M ] [ AC N
-1 MN BC
-2 MN BC

ABC u = AB v = AC
3u 2v 3u 2v

- 1
u k
u k ku :
* u ku
* ku = k u

u 0

* ku

u k 0

B
u

ku

A
ku

k0

k
3

 - 2 )(

u v
(u + v ) = u + v
( + ) u = u + v
1 u = u
) ( ) u = ( u

u = 0 = 0 u = 0

3
-1 ) ( u + 2v ) ( u v
2
-2 x 2 x u u = 0 u 0

A = 5 ( 2u v )

(II
-1
-
u v

u
v

0
-
A B C A B

AB AC
AC = AB
C ) ( A; B

AE = 3 AB
CF = 2 CD

E ) ( A; B
F ) ( C; D

A B C M u v u = MA + 2MB 3MC
v = 2 BA 6 BC
-1 u = 2 AB 3 AC
-2 u v
-

I ] [ AB ) AB = 2 AI ( AB = 2 IB
-2

A B C A B
A B C

AC = AB

1
ABCD P Q AB
2

= BP AQ = 3 AD

-1

-2 CP CQ AB AD
-3 P Q C
-3

A B C D A B C D
) ( AB ) // ( CD AB CD

1
ABC I J AI = AB
3
-1 IC BJ AB AC
-2 ) ( IC ) // ( BJ

AJ = 3 AC