CarinaCervantes

102315

SkeletalSystemLabReport
P1.
ThethreebonesIwillbeusingthatareinthehumanbodyare:Phalanges,Femur,and
Radius.

The
Phalanges
arethesmallboneslocatedonyourfingersand
toes.InGreek,itiscalledaphalanx.Inthephalanxformation,soldiersformedclose
ranksandfileswithshieldsjoinedandlongspears.Theirbonesthatmakeupthe
digits
ofthehandorfootinvertebrates.Theyarticulatewiththe
metacarpals
ofthehandor
withthe
metatarsals
ofthefoot.(
PhotocopiedfromGoogle)

The
Femur
istheonlybonethatislocatedinthehumanthigh.Itisalso
thebiggestandstrongestboneinthebody.Thehumanfemurboneissostrongitcan
holdupto1,800to2,500pounds.(itishardtofracture.)TheLatinwordusedforfemur
meanstheentirethigh,ferotobear,andfetustobeborn.(
Photocopiedfromgoogle)

The
Radius/Radial
boneisoneofthetwolargebonesintheforearm.
(theotherboneintheforearmwouldbeulna.)Theradiusboneislocatedunderthe
thumbanditispartoftwojointscalledtheelbowandwrist.TheLatinforradiusmeans
arayanditisalsorelatedtoaGreekmeaningthespokesofawheelorarod.(
Photo
copiedfromgoogle)

P2.

BoneTissueHistology

PhotooftheTrabecularboneandPeriosteumBone.

TrabecularBonePeriosteumBone

ThesearethescreenshotsItookwhenlooking
throughthemicroscope.

P3.

BoneMatrixLab
Thebonesinyourbodyremodelsthemselvesthroughoutlife.Whenthebone
losescells,theyarecalledosteoclastswhichbreakdownthebone.Ontheotherhand,
osteoclastsenterthebonesandenterstheenzymesthatbreakdown
collagen
andminerals.
Theyknowwhentostop,soitwillnotdamagethebone.Whentheboneisgrowing,thecells
arecalledosteoblasts.Itsignalsthe
blood
andthatiswhentheosteoblastsgettoworking.
Layingdownthebone,itdepositsthe
calcium
andphosphatecrystalsonthe
collagen
.Themost
commonbonediseaseisosteoporosis.Ithasalowbonemassanddeteriorationofbone
structurebut,thereisnotmanyworriesbecauseosteoporosiscanbetreated.

Normal

VinegarSoakedBone

CookedBone

CollagenMatrix

Solid

Soft/Squishy

solid

MineralsSalts

stiff/rough

bendableandflexible

toughandfragile

DiseaseOr
Disorder

XXXXX

transparent,clear

Characteristics

Outerlayerisfirm,
fattytissue,thickand
bloody.

Flexible,slimy,squishy

Hardbrittle,tough
bone

Thebonethatissoakedinvinegaroilistheoneonthefarright.Thebonethatwas
soakedinvinegarisverysquishy,slimyandflexible.Thereasontheboneisvery
flexible,isbecauseitwassittinginthevinegaranditlostitscalcium.

Theboneinthemiddleisthebakedone.Theboneisveryhardandstiff,duetoallthe
collageninit.

Theoneonthefarrightseemstobethenormalonebecauseithasallitscollagenand
nothinghasseemedtohappentoit.

P4.

CurrentBoneResearch
Inthehumanbody,inorganicproteincrystalplayacriticalroleindevelopingour
bones.Mammalshavehardtissuesthatarecomposedmainlytocalciumphosphates.
Comparingthebonecrystalandotherbiologicalmoleculesarenotunderstoodatthe
molecularlevelduetothecomplexityofbonestructures.

(
http://leelab.berkeley.edu/research.php
)

Osteoporosisisamedicalconditioninwhichthebonesbecomebrittleandfragilefrom
thelossoftissue.Thishappensfromhormonalchanges,needofcalcium.Yourbones
becomeweak.

P5.

ForensicCaseStudy

MysteryWomanFoundinLeadCoffin
Atbirth,thehumanskeletonismadeupofaround300bones.Byadulthood,
someboneshaveconnectedtogethertoendupwith206bones.
Themajorityofthehumanboneshaveadenseandastrongouterlayer.Itisthen
followedbyaspongypartfullofairforlightness.
Calcium
isimportantforourbones
becauseithelpskeepthemstrongandhealthy.

In1992,awomansbodyinEnglandwasfoundinalead
coffin.Thewomanseemedtobeinher60s.Shewas
betweentwoothercoffinsthathappentobeamanandan
infant.

EvidenceattheScene
She was buried in great care. She also had ribbon wrapped
around her wrist going towards the pelvis. There was evidence of
linen shroud fibers and copper staining. The coffin weighed
around 500 pounds.

TheWeightoftheEvidence
The woman turned out to be Anne Wolseley Calvert, wife of
Philip Calvert. He was a governor in 1657 in Maryland.

Idecidedtoresearchaboutthewomaninthecoffinbecausethestoryandevidence
seemedinteresting.
(
http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/forensic_files.html
)

APACitation

http://www.healthline.com/humanbodymaps/femur

http://interestingshockingfacts.blogspot.com/2014/02/thehumanthighboneiss
trongerthan.html

https://thesebonesofmine.wordpress.com/category/phalanges/
http://www.innerbody.com/image_skel14/skel20.html#fulldescription
http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/features/osteoporosismedications
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_(bone)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblast
http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bone+matrix
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclast
http://www.innerbody.com/image_skel09/skel01.html