Parameter

Statistic

C.I
x t n 1,

2 unknown

d
[where

di

= the within-pair

difference]

1 2
s unknown but
roughly equal

sd

( x1 x2 ) tdf ,

x1 x 2

p1 p 2

d tn 1,

s
d
n

p p0

(d

d )2

n 1

s12 s22

,*
n1 n2

[ df min(n1 , n2 ) 1 **] (2 independent samples)

p 1 p 2 ,

( p 1

p 1 (1 p 1 ) p 2 (1 p 2 )

n1
n2

( p 1 p 2 ) z

Xn11 , p 2 Xn22 )

p (1 p )( n11 n12 )
X1 X 2
n1 n 2

s2
2

b1

s
tn 2, / 2
SS x

SS xy
SS x

;s

x tn 1, s 1 (1/ n)
2

2
2
* If variance is known or large sample size n 30: tdf , /2 Z /2 and s

are not equal use the following df:

(y

y i ) 2

i 1

n2

t min( n1 , n2 ) 1

while p

Prediction
interval of a
future
observation
unknown
** If 2s unknown

s12 s 22

n1 n 2

( p 1 p 2 ) ( p1 p 2 ) 0

~z
p 0 (1 p0 )
n
d d ,0
~ t n 1
sd
n
( x1 x 2 ) ( 1 2 ) 0

p (1 p )
n

x 0
~ t n 1
s
n

or x z 2
*
n

p z

Test Statistic

b1 1, 0
SE (b1 )

~ t n2

~z,

Inference concerning r c contingency table

H 0 : Row variable is independent of the column variable;
H a : Row variable is not independent of the column variable.
Test Statistic:

(O E ) 2
~ (2r 1)(c 1)

E
all Cells