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Placevaluenamesforwholenumbers(Section1.11.2)

Noticeeachmajorgroup(trillions,billions,millions,thousandsandunits)have3subgroups.
Thefirst(rightmost)valueoneachsubgroupisthenameofthegroup.
Noticethepatternonnamingthetensandhundredsoneachsubgroup.

Metricprefixesforwholevalues:
Tera
referstotrillions.Example,3Terabits=3trillionbits=3,000,000,000,000bits
Giga
referstoabillion.Example,3Gigabits=3billionbits=3,000,000,000bits
Mega
referstoamillion.Example,3MegaOhms=3millionOhms=3,000,000Ohms
Kilo
referstoathousand.Example,3KiloWatts=3thousandWatts=3,000Watts

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Placevaluesnamesfordecimalplaces:(Section3.2)
Noticethenamingisverysimilarbutnamesendwith
ths
.

Studytheseexamplescarefully.Noticethatsimilarvaluescanbeexpressedindifferentways.

placevaluedescription

valueinnumericdigits

ninehundredths

0.0
9

ninetenths

0.
9

ninetyhundredths

0.
90

ninehundredths

0.0
9

ninehundredthousandths

0.
9
00

ninethousandths

0.00
9

Metricprefixesfordecimalvalues:
milli
referstoathousandth.Example,3milliOhms=3thousandthsofanOhms=0.003Ohms
micro
referstoamillionth.Example,3milliOhms=3thousandthsofanOhms=0.003Ohms
nano
referstoabillionth.Example,3nanoOhms=3billionthsofanOhms=0.003Ohms
pico
referstoatrillionth.Example,3picoOhms=3thousandthsofanOhms=0.003Ohms

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Practiceproblem1:
Nametheplacevalueforthedigitspecifiedoneachnumbergiveninthe
tablebelow:(refertoExample12fromthetextbook).
Digit

Number

PlaceValue

44,723

1,045,245,674,913

290,835

910,293,452

Practiceproblem2:
Writethenumbergivendescribedbytheplacevaluetext
placevaluedescription

valueinnumericdigits

fivethousandths

fivethousands

twentyfivehundreds

twentyhundredths

Practiceproblem3:
Writethenumbergivendescribedbytheplacevaluetext

placevaluedescription

valueinnumericdigits

eighthundredths

twothousandths

sevenhundredtwentyonethousandths

fivehundredths

fiftytwohundredths

sixtenths

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RoundingValues:(Section1.3)
digits0,1,2,3,4willroundto0
digits5,6,7,8,9willbumpthevalueup.

Practiceproblem4:
Roundthesevaluesasindicated:

roundthisvalue

tothenearest...

result

13745

ten

13745

hundred

13745

thousand

1.0375

tenth

1.0375

hundredth

1.0375

thousandth

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AdditionandSubtraction:
Whenaddingnumberstheorderdoesnotmatter(
additionIScommutative
)
Example:3+5+7=7+3+5=5+3+7

Whensubtractingnumbers,theorderofthevaluesmatter(
subtractionISNOTcommutative
)
Example:94=5(positive)but49=5(negativevalue).
NOTE:
Wearenotdealingwithnegativevaluesonthistest.

Withcombinedadditionandsubtraction,computewhatisonparenthesisfirst,thenlefttoright.
Example:
93
+6=
6
+6=12
9
(3+6)
=9
9
=0

Whenadditionandsubtractionarecombinedinoneproblem,theyarecomputedleftto
rightunlessthereareparenthesis.Anythingwithinparenthesisiscomputedfirst.

Practiceproblem5:
Problem

Solution

2+(124)3

127+9

MultiplicationandDivision:

Whenmultiplyingnumbers,theorderdoesnotmatter(
multiplicationIScommutative
)
Example:3*5*7=7*3*5=5*3*7

Whendividingnumbers,theorderofthevaluesmatter(
divisionISNOTcommutative
)
Example:10 5=2but5 10=0.5(fractionaryvalue).

Divisionby0isnotpossible.Multiplicationby0alwaysgives0.

Whenmultiplicationanddivisionarecombinedinoneproblem,theyarecomputedleftto
rightunlessthereareparenthesis.Anythingwithinparenthesisiscomputedfirst.

Practiceproblem6:

Problem

Solution

30 (15 3) 3

12 6 2*2

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Exponents:PowersandRoots

Powersandrootsareexponents.Thesearenumbersthatoperateonabase.

Powersarewrittenabovethebasenumberonwhichitoperates.
Powersmeanthatthebaseismultipliedbyitselfasmanytimesasindicatedbythepower.
0

Bydefinition: (anybase) =1

Examples: 5 = 5 * 5 * 5 * 5

RootsarewrittenaboveaRADICALsign.
Therootasksyoutofindanumberthatmultipliedbyitselfasmanytimesastheroot,produces
thebasevalue.

Example:If 5 = 5 * 5 * 5 =125then 125 =5

Whenpowersandexponentsarecombinedinoneproblem,theyarecomputedleftto
rightunlessthereareparenthesis.Anythingwithinparenthesisiscomputedfirst.

Practiceproblem7:
Problem

52 +

Solution

8 + (24 1)(hint:8=2*2*2)
3

Morepracticewithexponents:
Simpleexponentswithsolution
Simpleexponentsproblems

Exponents:Specialcase
Anybasevalueelevatedtothepowerofzeroequals1.
0

Example:
34 = 1

90 = 1

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Exponents:Referencetableforcommonpowervalues

Combinedoperations:

PEDMAS:
P
arenthesis,
E
xponents

(powersorrootsinlefttorightorder),
D
ivisionor
M
ultiplication(inlefttorightorder),
A
dditionor
S
ubtraction(inlefttorightorder).

Example:

Practiceproblem8:
Problem
16+6*21
15712*13

Solution

10+37
46
(hint:impliedparenthesis)
4 10
*

41+3*760 10 +
4 (3 2)2