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Lesson12|

AneasypacedapproachtolearnSanskrit

Lesson12

SimpleSanskritLesson12
PostedonJuly16,2012May7,2013byslabhyankar

SimpleSanskritLesson12

InthepreviouschapterIhintedComprehensivestudyofany.
Acrossthechaptersthusfar
therehasbeendetailingof
,
,
and
inectionsofboth

and

sandalsotheconceptofverbalderivatives
bothadjectival

sandindeclinables.
Howevermoreaspectsofa
areyettobestudied.Therearesixmorestobedetailed.In
addition,Sanskritalsoprovidesdesiderativeinections.Forexample,rootmeaningof

is
toleave,torelease,torenounce.OnewaytosayHewishestorenounceistosay

ThedesiderativeinSanskritfacilitatesthistobemorecrispby

.
Andthentherearealsothepassivevoiceinectionsandcausativeinections.Tounderstandthe
paernsoftheseinections,itwouldhelptohavesomeideaoftheconceptofofa.
The
isapaernofinectionsapplicabletoa.
ForexampleinTable111below,Ihavegiven
examplesof10paernsofinectionofdiiferent
sbelongingtodierents.
Table121
No.
/

Present,
Passive
Third
Voice,
person,
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Singulari.e. Present,

Causative
Present,Third

Passiveof
Causative

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Singulari.e.

Present,
Third
person,
Singulari.e.

Present,Third
person,Singular
i.e.

to
read,to
study

tosay,

tospeak

to
give

tobe

pleased

to
collect,to
select,to
optfor

=to

show
direction

to
consume,
toeat

=to
do

=to
buy

10

=to

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=to

suggest

Lesson12|

Itmaybenotedthat
1. Allinectionsincolumn4forPassiveVoice,Present,Thirdperson,Singulari.e.

,..

areofapaernsimilartothatof4th,
.
1. Ihavetriedtoselecttheexample
sinColumn3tobe.Butthepassivevoice
willalwaysbe
.
2. AllinectionsinColumn5forCausativePresent,Thirdperson,Singulari.e.

,..
areofapaernsimilarto10th,

3. Theexample
ofpassivevoiceof5th,
bringstominda

1. ItsmeaningisHeyswan,whetheryoumayswiminthefresh,clearwateroftheGanges
orinblackishwaterofYamuna,yourwhitenessneithergrowsnordoesitdiminish.
2. Theonomatopoeiain

ischarming!
3. Eventhesoundsandmakeagoodpairing.
4. Themeterofthis

having11syllablesineachquarterseemstobe.
Understandingthemetersmakesaninterestingstudybyitself.Weshalldiscussthat
separately.SuchstudyiscalledasstudyoftheProsody.
4. Thepassivevoiceandcausativepracticallymakeanewverbalroot,
adoptedfromthe
main.
InSanskritgrammartheyarecalledas
s.Being
sbythemselves,
theywillcertainlyhaveinectionsinthetensandwillalsohavetheirown
s(i.e.

s).Forexample
1.

of
is

2.

of
(from
is.
)

3. The
from
canbetakentobe.Thisbringstomindthe

famousverse
1. |

|
|

2. HereisImperative,secondperson,singular(
,
,)from

.
5. Actually
saresaidtobeoffourtypes.Ofthese,Causals(s)and
Desideratives(s)arementionedabove.Frequentatives(s)andDenominatives
(
s)aretheothertwotypes.
1. Oneexampleofa
isina

1. Heretheverbis
.Itisfromanoun

meaningabigtree.
2. Meaningofthe

is.inaplacewithnotrees,evenacastoroilplantisseenas
abigtree.
3. AssuggestedbyDr.H.N.Bhatinhiscomment
wouldmeanisseenasabig

treewithallthecharacteristicsofabigtree.
2. tonameispossiblyagoodexampleofa
inEnglishgrammar.InSaskrit,itseems,
inSanskritonecanform
salmostfromeveryothernoun,e.g.forsayingathought
isparaphrased(putinwords)wecansay
3. Hereisaninteresting

:
,

|

|meaningingentlemansspeechfaultsarealsomadeasvirtues;there

shouldbenosurprisethatinthespeechofavileperson,virtuesarealsofaulted
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(criticized).Here
s

and
areformedfromthenouns
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(criticized).Here
s

and
areformedfromthenouns
and
respectively.
4.

fromthenoun

(=bubble).ThiswordformationissimilartoEnglishstyle
bubblies.InEnglish,itisstyle;inSanskrititisanoption,whichisgrammatically
endorsed.
5.
smakeasignaturestatementofSanskritlanguage.ItexemplieshowSanskrit
languageprovidesexibilityandadaptibilitytoeveryothernoveltyornewsituation.Ifone
canformnewwordsandevenverbalroots,thelanguagebecomesvibrantandrelevantat
alltimes,throughallages,right?
6. TheconceptofDesiderative(s)istobeabletosayHedesirestodo,.

ButDesiderativehelpstoputitinasinglewordinsteadoftwo
Withanewverbal
rootas
available,itcanhaveitsowninectionsinvarioustensesandmoods.Onecan
alsosay,Hedesiredtodo
inpasttenseor
Hewilldesiretodoinfuture

tense.
1. OtherexamplesofDesideratives(s)are>(=

()

);
>(

);>(

);

)(
2. Therewouldberulesofgrammar,howsuchnewverbalrootscanbeobtained.Iamafraid
thatgoingintotherulesofgrammarmaygobeyondtheconceptofSimpleSanskrit.It
wouldbesimplertofindwhattheverbalrootsarefordifferentverbsandrememberand
usethemassuch.
3. BasicideaoftheselessonsinSimpleSanskritisnotexactlytomakestudentanexpertin
Sanskrit.Butsuchinformationasof
sisbeingdetailed,togiveacquaintance
withtheseconcepts,sothatonecanfollowandenjoySanskritliterature,evenifsuchforms
wouldhavebeenusedsometimesomewhere.
7. ExamplesofFrequentatives(s)wouldbe
1. Drinksagainandagain

:
:=
1. Thisbringstomindtheversequotedasaeulogyto,

2. Inthisverse,acompositionofParasharaVyasaismentionedasalotus,from
whichgoodpeopledrawthenectareveryday,drinkiteveryday,so,drinkagainand
againHencethewordusedis

3. Bytheway

isobviouslythe
of

.The

conceptof
hasbeenalreadydetailedinTable103.

8. Desiderativessuchas=

frequentativessuchas
:
:=
inawaydemonstratehowtheyhelpmakecompactconciseexpressions.Brevityiscertainlya
charmingfeatureofSanskrit.

|
oOo
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