Thermidorian Reaction, in the French Revolution, the parliamentary revolt initiated

on 9 Thermidor, year II (July 27, 1794), which resulted in the fall of Maximilien
Robespierre and the collapse of revolutionary fervour and the Reign of Terror in
France.
By June 1794 France had become fully weary of the mounting executions (1,300 in
June alone), and Paris was alive with rumours of plots against Robespierre, member
of the ruling Committee of Public Safety and leading advocate of the Terror. On 8
Thermidor (July 26) he gave a speech full of appeals and threats. The next day, the
deputies in the National Convention shouted him down and decreed his arrest. He
was arrested at the Htel de Ville, along with his brother Augustin, Franois
Hanriot, Georges Couthon, and Louis de Saint-Just. The same guillotine that on 9
Thermidor executed 45 anti-Robespierrists executed, in the following three days, 104
Robespierrists, inaugurating a brief White Terror against Jacobins throughout
France.
The coup was primarily a reassertion of the rights of the National Convention against
the Committee of Public Safety and of the nation against the Paris Commune. It was
followed by the disarming of the committee, the emptying of the prisons, and the
purging of Jacobin clubs. Social and political life became freer, more extravagant,
and more personally corrupt. There was a splurge of fashion and a conspicuous
consumption of bourgeois wealth, while the poor suffered from harsh economic
conditions.