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2.4.1
Structural Design
Abstract
In activity 2.4.1 we are engineering a bridge. Our mission for this bridge is make
the most efficient bridge that is $300,000 or less. Our bridge must be able to withstand
the force of a truck. To do this will will be using materials listed in westpoint bridge
creator. We will be designing a bridge and then changing around the materials to create
a bridge that will pass all design constraints.
Daily log:
November 9- Started activity 2.4.1 structural design. Worked in West Point Bridge
Designer brainstorming our bridge idea and began creating portfolio.
November 10- Continued working on making a perfect bridge that follows the
constraints given. Also worked on portfolio.
November 12 - Finished designing our bridges and spent majority of the class creating
portfolio.
November 13- Wrote paragraphs and finished project up.
Team norms:
Engineering notebook
Pencil
Research source (most likely on a computer)
Computer loaded with west point bridge designer
Design brief:
In activity 2.4.1 our goal is to create to the most efficient bridge with the
constraints below. When creating our bridge we have to apply engineering design,
material science, and statics to the design of a truss bridge carrying a two-lane highway
that spans a riverbed. We will be creating our bridge using the software West Point
Bridge Design which allows you to virtually create a bridge with all aspects of a real life
bridge.
Constraints:
1.Minimization of Cost (Design success will be evaluated based upon
structural stability
and overall costdecrease the cost and improve the
design.)
2. The bridge may cross the valley at any elevation from high water level
to 24 meters above high water level.
3. If the elevation of the bridge deck is below 24 meters, excavation of the
riverbanks will be required to achieve the correct highway elevation.
4. To provide clearance for overhead power lines, the highest point on the
bridge may not exceed an elevation 32.5 meters above the high water
level (8.5 meters above the top of the riverbanks).
5. The bridge substructure may consist of either standard abutments
(simple supports) or arch abutments (arch supports). If necessary, the
bridge may also use one intermediate pier, located near the center of the
valley. If necessary, the bridge may also use cable anchorages, located 8
meters behind one or both abutments.
6. Each main truss can have no more than 50 joints and no more than
120 members.
7.The bridge will have a flat, reinforced concrete deck. Two types of
concrete are available:
Member Properties
Procedures
To start off the project we opened up westpoint bridge designer and made a new
project. We selected Deck elevation of 24 with two cable supports. We then began
designing the bridge. We looked up real bridge designs to see what works. We built off
of what we saw and decided to go with our final design Number (3). It is a bridge with a
two cable support that has trusses holding up the bottom and cables supporting from
above. Our bridge closely resembles the Charleston Bridge.
]
3 (Brennon )
(Anna)
Bridge #
Efficiency
$300,000 or
less
Weight
bearing
Little stress
on members
#1
#2
#3
#4
6
Deck Elevation Cost Impact
Deck Elevation
Abutments
Pier
Cable Anchorages
Site Cost
24 meters
Standard
No Pier
No
$70,650.00
20 meters
Standard
No Pier
No
$82,500.00
16 meters
Standard
No Pier
No
$95,350.00
12 meters
Standard
No Pier
No
$105,200.00
8 meters
Standard
No Pier
No
$116,050.00
4 meters
Standard
No Pier
No
$124,900.00
0 meters
Standard
No Pier
No
$133.750.00
Arch Abutments
Pier
Cable Anchorages
Site Cost
24 meters
24 meters
No Pier
No
$97,883.40
24 meters
20 meters
No Pier
No
$92,777
24 meters
16 meters
No Pier
No
$88,985.80
24 meters
12 meters
No Pier
No
$ 86,509.80
24 meters
8 meters
No Pier
No
$85,349.00
24 meters
4 meters
No Pier
No
$85,503.40
Abutments
Pier
Cable Anchorages
Site Cost
24 meters
Standard
24 meters
No
$103,232.00
24 meters
Standard
20 meters
No
$100,050.00
24 meters
Standard
16 meters
No
$ 96,850.00
24 meters
Standard
12 meters
No
$93,650.00
24 meters
Standard
8 meters
No
$90,450.00
24 meters
Standard
4 meters
No
$87,250.00
24 meters
Standard
0 meters
No
$84,050.00
Cable
Site Cost
Abutments
Pier
Anchorages
24 meters
Standard
No Pier
None
$70,650.00
24 meters
Standard
No Pier
One
$76,650.00.
24 meters
Standard
No Pier
Two
$82,650 .00
Loading
Site Cost
Medium-Strength
Standard 25kN
$82,650.00
Medium-Strength
$82,650.00
High-Strength
Standard 225kN
$84,300.00
High-Strength
$84,300.00
Cross
Cross
Section
Section
Type
Size
160 mm
Yield Stress
250,000kN
Solid Bar
160 mm 345,000kN
Solid Bar
160 mm
Modulus of
Mass
Moment of
Cost per
Elasticity
Density
Inertia
Meter
$692.37
200,000,000kN 7850kg
.00003
$769.30
7850kg .00003
$853.92
Strength
Quenched
485,000kN 200,000,000kN
Cross
Cross
Yield
Modulus of
Mass
Moment of
Cost per
Section
Section
Stress
Elasticity
Density
Inertia
Meter
Type
Size
160 mm
$692.37
Carbon Steel
160 mm
$184.17
Hollow
Tube
Cross
Cross
Yield
Modulus of
Mass
Moment of
Cost per
Section
Section
Stress
Elasticity
Density
Inertia
Meter
Type
Size
30 mm
250,00kN 200,000,000kN
7850kg
.0000000675 $31.79
160 mm
250,000kN 200,000,000kN
7850kg .00003
$692.37
360 mm
250,000kN 200,000,000kN
7850kg .0014
$4000.12
500 mm
250,000kN 200,000,000kN
7850kg .00521
$8831.25
Research
After researching the different components of the materials, we decided that
there were certain structures that required much more strength and there were some
that needed barely any. Hollow tubes proved to be the cheapest method possible. Also
the cheapest material was carbon steel but it was also the weakest. I then looked at real
bridges to see what type of trusses work and what type of building platform could be the
most effective, such as the cables or arched bridges/piers. Then i built and tested my
models and changed the materials and their size around.
Our Sources - Beautiful Bridges Around The World - Original Music Youtube.com
Westpoint Bridge Creator
Conclusion
Overall activity 2.4.1 was a very entertaining activity that was very beneficial.
Throughout this activity we learned how to construct a bridge with different materials.
We followed the constraints and made a good bridge. We are proud of our design and
This activity taught us that anything is possible. Although at the beginning we thought
making a bridge under $300,000 was simply impossible, after several attempts we soon
realized that it is very possible. Being able to follow certain constraints on a project is
very important and a good life skill to have.
Conclusion Questions
10
1. How does the type and direction of stress applied affect the selection of the
material type and the cross-sectional area?
Each material has a strong suit and the material size is important for securing a good
moment of inertia. Material selections and cross sectional area selections can be very
important to consider when building a bridge.
2. How can the forces of compression and tension work together to make a
stronger bridge?
The forces of tension and compression may work together by pushing the pieces of the
bridge together. This can help ensure maximum weight distribution and ensure joint
contact.