Af} eesinatin: 127-8 Reapprved 1991" Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate’ “hs ani snd ander he fed pon C17: Be aunt see awing he degsabon act eyo iit Sito use sn ye tit rian & mame pues aes heet ote apa A Ph rah a en pond fr by ates fhe eprint Con he Dad Inks of Sree and Bande tc eof a bh habe add be Depo De 1, Seope LL This test method covers the determination of specific ravty and absorption of coarse aggregate. The specific fravty may be expressed as bulk specific gravity. bulk Specific gravity (SSD) (sturated-surface-dey). oF apparent specific gravity, The bulk specific pravity (SSD) and absorp. tion ace based on ageregate after 24 soaking in water. This test method is not intended wo be used with lightweight aggregates 1.2. The values stated in Sl units are to be regarded asthe ssandard 13 This wandard does not purport to address all of the safe: problems, if any, associated with is use. I is the responsibil of dae user of this standard to establish appro- priate safer and heath practices and determine the applica bili of regulatory diniatis proto use. 2, Referenced Documents 2.4 ASTM Standard: {€ 29/C 296 Test Method for Unit Weight and Voids in ‘Aggregate? C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate? C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aeron © 566 Test Method for Total Moisture Content of Agar ate by Drying? 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias State ‘ments for Test Methods for Construction Materials? {© 202 Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size? 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates! ‘D448 Classification for Sizes of Agstceate for Road and Bridge Construction? ‘once ad Cece Agate adhe spay Sac apenas fina C181 mal Be fh Sadr Vl. e EM Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposest E12 Terminology Relating 10 Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids. and Gases? 2.2 AASHTO Standard A ‘AASIITO No. T 85 Speciic Gravity and Absorgion Coarse Aggsegatct - 3. Terauinology 3A Definitions: 3.1.1 absorpion-~the increase in’ the weight of aggregate ‘due 1 water in the pores ofthe material, but not including tater adhering 10 the ouside surface of the panicles, Expressed 36a percentage ofthe dry weight. The aggregate is considered "dry" when 1 has been maintained at a temper- ature of 110 °S'C for sullicient time to remove all ‘uncombined wate. “S12 specifi gravity—the ratio of Une ass (or weight in air) of a unit volume of « materia ie tne mass of the seme volume of water at slated temperatutes. Vabies are dimen: sionless 3.12. apparent specific gravty—the rato of the weight i air of a unit volume af the impermeable portion of aggregate ats stated temperature to the weight in air of an ‘qual volume of ga-ftee distilled water ata stated tempera: 31.2.2 bulk specific gravity—the rato of the weigh in aie fof a unit volume of agaregae (including the permeable and ‘impermeable voids in the particle, but not including the vids between particles) ata sated temperatute 1 the weight inair ofan equal volume of gasfcedistiled water ata sated {emperatur, fe 31.2.3 bulk specific gravity (SSD}—the ratio ofthe weight fn air of a unit volume of agaregae, including the weight of ‘water within the voids filled 10 the extent athieved by submerging. in water for approximately 24 b (but not including the voids bewween particles) at sated tempera. lure, compared othe weight i air of an equal volume of faslre distilled waten at a stated temperate a ok of STH Sind, Vt 60 tea kof STA Snr Val 308 ‘lable Gm Ameren Acie Sten ad Topoton ‘nist Noth Coe Sle 8, adeno BC 38Gh c 127 Termiaay Ed, att fo nin Be at fer Terminlogy © 135 4 Samingey of Test Methou 41-8 comple of segregate is immersed in wat apnravimately 24h tovescentilly fill the pores. removed ron the water. the seater dried fm the pamiles, anil weighed. Subsequently the ean ‘sevghed hile suhohespe! in water. Finally the sample is ‘etiolated 9 thitd tine, Using the weigh this fbained an formu inthis test method. i is posible to caleulate thee types of spectie gravity and alsorption, 5, Significance and Use 3.1 Bulk specific gravity is the characteristic generally used for ealevlation af the volume occupied by the aggresate In sanoue mintures cantining aeeregate including portland cement conerete, bituminous concrete, and other mistures that are proportioned of analyzed on an absolute volume ‘nai lk specific gravity also uted inthe computation of ove im aparenate in Test Methd © 29. Bulk specific gravity (SSD) is vaed iT dhe spgrenate i wet. that i if ts absorption has heen ssised. Conversely, the bulk specific pravity ovens) He used for computations when the aggrceste is UUnege seve to Be ds 552 Apnarent specie. gravity pertains to the relative density of the solid. materal making up the constituent particles not inching the pore space within the particks ‘hich is aeeecible to water. 5.3 Absorption values are used to caleulate the change in the weight ofan aggregate dve to water absorbed inthe pore spaces sitin the eonsituent particles, compared to the drs condition, when it deemed Tha the aggregate has heen ia omtact with water long enough 10 satisfy most af the sorption potenti, The laboratory standard for absorp is that obained after submerging dry aggregate for apptosi- mately 24h in water. Aggregates mined from below the soter table may have a higher absorption, when used, if nt dllowed o'dry. Conversely, some aggregates when used may ontain an amount of absorbed moisture less than the 2h Soaked condition, For an aggregate that has been in contact with water and that has. free moisture on the article surfaces, the perceninge of fice moisture can be determines by dedueting the absorption from the total moisture content determined by Test Meshoa C566) Sot The penessl procedures deserbed in sis test meted ae siti for deternining. the absoeption of negreetes that have hind consitioning other than the 24h soak. siel 35, tiling water or vacuum saturation. The values obiained for alheortion by other test meade wil be different than the ‘ales obiained by the prescribed 24h soak, 35 wil the bulk specifi eavity (58D), S.5 The potes in lightweiht aggzegstes may oF may not became extentaly filled with water afer immersion for 28h, Tn fact, many such argregates ean remain immersed in water for severat slays witht satisfying, most of the agepates absorption potential, Therefore, this tet method not inte ore hea arg 6, Apparats 6.4 Ralance—A weil, device th 6 ale, and accurate 10 0.05 % of the sample weight at any point within the ranqe used For this test 9F 0.5 whichever fe grenter. The balance shall be quipped with suitable Apnaius for ssp the ene enntainer in water frm the center of the "eighing platform or pan of the weishing device 6.2 Somple oneaines=-A wite hase of 3.38 mam (a, 6) cor finer mesh, se a bucket of appaniniaely equal byes Sd egies capes tt 9 Lefor J7-Sonan (154) hominal nim tne aggeraate oF smaller, and Tneaer omtainer 35 needed foe testing Iarger maximum size 3pster pale. The container shall be constructed £0 a8 19 preven Uuapping aie when the container is subraerged. 63 Warer Tank—A watertight tank into which the sample comiainer may be placed while suspended below the Frtance, ‘Bd Sieves—A 4-7S-mn (No. sieve of other sires a6 needed (ere 72, 7.3. and 74), conforming to Specification an 1. Sampliog 1.1 Somple the segtegate in accondnnce with Practice bi 12 Thornes mi the sample of aggregate and reduce it to the appronimate samt needed using. the applicable rocedures in Methous C 702, Reject all material passing : 475mm (Bo) sieve by dry. sieving and. thoroughly ‘washing to femove dust or ater coatings from the sugface. If the cone aggregate contains © subwantal quantity of material finer tian the 4.7Semm sieve (such a for Size No. & find 9 aggregates in Clasifeation D 4B), use the 236mm (No, 8) seve in place of the 4.75.mm sieve. Alternatively, ‘separate the material Giner than the 475:mm sieve and test, the finer material according to Test Method C 128, 7.3 The minimum weight of lest simple to be used is ven below. To many instances it may he desirable to test a ‘oares aggregate in several seaate size fractions: and i he ‘Sample contains more thon 18 "% retained on the 37-S-mm {Isin) seve tes he material larger than 37.8 mm ia ome for-more size fractions separately fom the smaller size fractions. When an aggregate is tested in separate size fractions, the minimum ssight of test sample for each faction shall be the diference between he weights pre serie forthe ean and minimum sizes of the faction on Mss ie ov Sty tio io 0, abe 349) vou un, i ne 14 the samole ie tested in ton or mote sie factions Jdetcrvine the grain ofthe sarap in accordance with Test. ‘Method G 136. inciting the sieve used for separating the size factions Tor the determinations in this method. tn fakulating the pescentage of material in each size Fraction,hb c 127 ignore the quantity of material finer than the 4.75-mm (No, 8) sieve (or 236mm (No, 8 seve when tat sieve is used in accordance with 7.2). 8. Procedure 8.1 Diy the test sample to constant weight ata tempera we of 0-8 $C (230 2 SF), cool in air at toon lemperatute for 1 1 3 h for tes) samples of 37.S-mm (sin) nominal maximuny sie, oF longer for larger ses lun the aggregate has cooled to. temperature thats comfortable fo handle (approximately $0°C). Subsequenily minese the aggregate in water at room temperatuee for 3 penn of 4 4, Nove 2—When testing couse ogee of ig no requ eet ses phe more anne Inc uston tha of mote s.amplcy abd the value ane coed 1.2 Whece the absorption and apeciis gravity values are to be used in proportioning coneret: mixtures in whieh the aggregates will be in their naturally aloist condition, the fequiremeat for inital drying to constant weight may be ‘liminates, and, i the surfaces of the parle in the sample have been kept continuously wet unt test, the 24 soaking ‘may also be eliminated Nort 3— Values for sbsoron aad bal pei ray (SSD) may te suntan bie fr agree wo oven ded belore taking tha ferabe sme agree ested naevordance with bl The wpe tre of pares lst than 75 rm (3) sine the water may ok Be bio pratt he pret th ene hepa the reseed teaking ped 183 Remove the test sample from the water and tol it in a lauge absorbent cloth until all visible films of water are Femoved. Wipe the larger particles individually. A moving siteain of a may be used 10 assist in the drying operation ‘Take car i avoid evaporation of war from aggregate pores uring te sutacesdrying operation. Weigh te test sample in {ie satusated suface-dry condition, Record this and. all subsequent weights to the nearest OS g or 005 % of the Spl wight, whichever i greater. 84 Aler weighing, immediately place the earated-sur- facedry est sample tn the sample container and determine its weight in water at 23.2 17C (734-2 3), having @ Hens of 97 + 2 hy/m air before weighing by, shaking the. container while im- terscd 1 Take eave to remove al entrapped over it ad the tet sample ducing weighing. Wire auspeading the “ona sould be of te smatest pace se To mimi any nie eet of sane anmered ens 65 Diy the west sample wo constant weight at 2 tempera lure of 110 $C (30 29°F), coal ia alt at coom temperature 1 10 3/h, oF until the aggregate has cooled 10 temperate that is comfortable 10 handle (approximately S0°C), and weigh, 9. Calculations 9.1 Specific Gravis: D1 Buk Speciic Gravity—Calculate the bulk specific avily, 3/23 (34/7147) as follows Bulk sp gr = ANB ~ 0) o os where A = weight of oven-dey test supe in ait, 4B = weight of saturated surfacesry test sample in ait, and C= veejght of saturated test sample in water, g 9.1.2 Bulk Specific Grarly (Saturated Surface Dry)— CCalelate the balk specific gravity, 23/23°C (13.4/734°F), on the basis of weight of saturated-sufacedry aggregate as follows: Bulk gr (nurated sure dy = BUC) (2) 9.1.3 Apparent Specific Graviy—Caleulte the appacent specific pravty, 23/2'C (73 4/73 4F), a follows ‘Appacen sp gs Ad ~ ©) o 9.2 Average Specific Gravity Values—When the sample is tested in separate size fractions the average value for bulk specific gravity, bulk specific pavity (SSD), of apparent Specific gravity can be computed asthe weighted average of the values as computed in accordance wath 9.1 using the following equation: ose zy fs (see Appendia Xp © ito, * tao, *** ioc, where G average specific gravity, All forms of ex pression of specific gravity can-be aver aged in this manner, Gy. Gy...G,_ * appropriate specific gravity values foreach sive fraction depending on the type of specific gravity Being average. Pu Paco Py = weight percentages of each size fraction present inthe orginal sample Nore S—Some aim of this et metho ny wish 0 exes the ‘esis in terms of dey. Deesy ay be erie by up id the Bak see roy uk pce pity (SSD). or appre pce feaviy by he wep of wate (97 5 pm? oF 09975 Mala or 63.37 Ttj'a1 20, Some auhoies recommend wg tbe denny of te 231°C (1000 1 OOD Mig e624 BA) bing alice ‘curte Ress sould be expel to thee aguante THC ‘eon tenoogy eoresppadog to bulk specie ravi, blk spi wavy (S50) 0d apparent peti gravity hao een Hadad 9.3 Absorption —Caleulate the percentage of absorption, as foows Absorption, = KB ~ AVA] «100 6 9.4 Average Absorption Value—When the sample is ese separate size fractions, the average absorpign value i the average of the values as computed in 9.3, weighted in proponion tothe weight percentages of the size Iaetions in the original sample a2 follows A (PyAy100} + (Py 4/100) + 4100) 6) where = average absorption, %, Ay = absorpuion percentages foreach sie fac tion, and Vi Pay. Py weight percentages of each size fractionhe 19. Report It Report specific gravity results to the nearest 00, and indicate the type of specific gravity, whether bulk Bulk auurated-urfacedes) or apparent. 02 Report the absorption result tothe nearest 0.1 10.3 Ihe specie gravity and absorption valves were eterined sathout fist drying the aggregate, 38 permite in 42, it hall be apted in the report. 11, Precision an U1.E The exinates of precision ofthis test method fisted in Table 1 are bared cesults fom the AASHTO Materia Reference Laboratory Reference Sample Program, with testing conducted by this text method and AASHTO Method "T85. The significant lference beteen the mets is tha Test Mothod C 127 requires a saturation period of M 4h while Method T8S requires a saturation pesiod of 13 thinimam. ‘This difereace has been found to have an insignificant effect on the precision indies. The data are ‘nye on the analyec of more than 100 paired test results from s0 to 190 laboratories. TL Mios—Since thece is no accepted reference materia for setermining the bias for the procedure in this test 127 TABLE 1. Pretalon Tie Foon ee Sigadpraw cnn Bie secle py tp fe ge) usenet ‘oh tonne 185 ‘Sianced ang smu satn ben neering eg enorsmaten rn meg nye 9) Vonbwaes sages iy sso method, no statement om bias is being made. 12. Keywords i 12.1 absorption; aggregate; conse aggreeate; specific eravity APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) Ni, DEVELOPMENT OF EQUATIONS X11 The derivation of the equation is apparent from the following simplified exes using two s0bds. Solid. Vas a sveipht TY i peame avd a. volume Fy im ents: is Speife gravity (Cis erclore IJ, Solid 2 has a weight Wy and volume V3. and Gy = Wj Ifthe two solids are considered together, the specific gravity of the combination is the total weight in grave divided by the total vokume in rililitees: wun my egy + Manipulation of this equation gies the following peut Ge eee) However the weight fractions ofthe to solids ae Instn HPS) = Py 100 and HIE, +H) = POO XI and. UG. = tan UGS = yy URLS 65 TABLE Xen ‘Specie cra a " ot Caen of Average Values of ‘ayn or Cone Aaa me eee BS Fraction. én) SOU Used i Taal. g) Gravy (85 ¥ mines Soe SG Sea ST on. wei esas ene Apion pam en pes panes) sozaa~ 17% ‘Therefore Ge MIE NNOOLIG + (Fy/IOOKI/GH1 LB sven in Table X11. {An example of the computationih c 127 1X2, INTERRELATIONSHIIPS BETWEEN SPECIFIC GRAVITIES AND ABSORPTION AS DEFINED IN TEST METHODS € 127 AND C128 RL Let Sy = bulk specific pravity (dry basi), Sy = bulk specific aravity (SSD basis) Si apparent specie gravity. and Am absorption in. N22 Thea, Sat +008, 0 @ Ine Anancan Sct ssn nd aera aa on pcg ay yaa ge asta cmncion sty tam mood esr ie ents ws pte Goma ey a ah utente ene rans np of thts wea aon rss ts rita yey zr ci cid eu wes na a 6 a) o