The Cold War

Introduction

A state of political tension and military rivalry between

nations that stops short of full-scale war, especially that
which existed between the United States and Soviet Union
following World War II.

What is a Cold War?

What Caused the Cold

War?

 Different
Ideologies:
Communism vs.
Democracy

Different economic
policies:
State controlled vs.
Capitalism

What Caused the Cold War?

 The Allies (Britain, U.

S.A, France) want to
rebuild Germany to
help in the recovery
of all of Europe.
U.S.S.R. wanted to
keep Germany weak
and divided.

What to do with Germany?

 Russia creates
a buffer zone
to protect
themselves
from the west.
Communism
is encouraged
in Poland,
Czechoslovaki
a, Yugoslavia,
Romania,
Bulgaria and
Hungary.

What to do with Eastern Europe?

Competition between the

USA and the USSR

Both sides feared the other and suspected

they were plotting against the other. As a
result, they tried to out due the other in
every faucet of life.

 Canada, literally
found itself a
middle power after
the war. Not only
does this term
describe its military
capability, but it
also found itself in
between the two
great superpowers.

Canada: the Middle Power

The formation of nato

1949 several nations formed the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO).
Was a defence pact intended to protect members
against Soviet aggression.
All members pledged to defend each other from
enemy attacks.
By providing a united front, it was reasoned that
acts of aggression against any member nation
would be effectively deterred or discouraged.

The Warsaw Pact

The Soviet Union became fearful of a
NATO attack.
In 1955 it organized the countries behind
the Iron Curtain into a rival military alliance
the Warsaw Pact.

The Arms
Race

Both superpowers focused

on building military
superiority.
1950s - hydrogen bomb
developed by both sides.
Deterrence belief that
knowing opponent is
prepared to retaliate is best
way to discourage attacks.
Mid-1980s - both sides
developed enough nuclear
power to destroy all human
life.

Between the Crosses Row on Row.

What imagery/symbols do you notice?

 1957 Soviets launch first

The Arms Race Sputnik satellite.
Rocket that put Sputnik in
Goes High Tech orbit could also be used to
deliver a nuclear warhead
to any spot in North
America.
U.S. began stockpiling
long-range missiles
known as intercontinental
ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
Soviets responded by
building long-range
missiles.

Comparison of NATO and Warsaw

Pact Forces, 1980
Item
Total Military Personnel

NATO

Warsaw Pact

3.8 Million

4 Million

Tanks

35,000

58,000

Anti-Tank Rockets

12,000

18,000

8,700

6,500

11,000

7,000

ICBM Missiles

1,050

1,470

Medium-range Missiles

5,000

5,600

Warships

1,480

1,920

210

175

Combat Aircraft
Attack Helicopters

Submarines

North American Air Defence

(NORAD)
1958 - NORAD agreement 1981 - Renamed North
was signed.
American Aerospace
Canada and U.S. agreed to Defence Command.
help defend each other under
terms of agreement.
Canada permitted U.S. to
build several defence
installations in the NWT.
NORAD Command Center

The DEW Line

Distant Early Warning (DEW Line) high
powered radar antennae at stations along the DEW
Line can pick up approaching enemy aircraft and
missiles.
NORAD Headquarters (Colorado Springs,
Colorado) alerted if unidentified object is detected.
Criticism that Canadas defensive plan was in
American control.
Other Canadians found comfort in a united
deterrence against foreign aggression.

The DEW Line

Truman Doctrine
March 12, 1947
To provide military support to any
country resisting communist aggression
Result:
USSR & US were fighting a war through
political aggression.

Korean War
1950
Canadas involvement: Sent 500 troops
Result:
Asia was under threat of communist
expansion
Fighting a war by proxy: fight each other
through conflicts of other countries.
Thought if they lost power in one area of
world, they would lose hold in Europe.

The Suez-Canal Crisis

1956
Canadas Involvement: Peacekeepers
Result:
Fighting a war by proxy
Building up militaries of other countries so
to have a sphere of influence all over world
World was siding with either US or USSR
and receiving military resources
USSR = Egypt & Syria
US = Israel & Iraq

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cause: Cuba had missile sites, USSR shipping
over nucs. Had striking range over all of North
America. Kennedy draws a line in ocean, if
USSR ships cross US will fire.
Result: Brought world to brink of destruction
MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)
Both sides sobered up about arms race

Canadas Involvement:

Diefenbaker argued with Kennedy

Wouldnt put our military on full alert
General did it anyways
Diefenbaker lost publics good will & next election

Vietnam War
1964
Canadas involvement: sent troops at
first but then pulled support of war
Result:
Stressed CAN-US relations, 1000 US
refugees came to Canada.
Weakened US leadership of NATO
Revealed the waste-fullness of the Cold
War, USSR was not involved, and still we
sent a whole generation to their slaughter.

 You and your group choose one of the Cold War events
significant to Canada. Prepare information to be relayed
to the class in a short presentation. You must include:
A summary of the event (At least five points)
Canadas role in the event (Two-four points)
The Historical significance of the event (Impact on
Canada if applicable)
WRITE BIG!

Canada and the Cold War

 Berlin and the Marshall

Plan
The Gouzenko Affair
The Korean War
The Vietnam War
(Canadas Role)
NATO & the DEW Line
John Diefenbaker

NORAD
The Climate of Fear
Nuclear Weapons and the
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Avro Arrow
The Suez Crisis
The Summit Series

Choose from the above Cold War incidents: