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The Fertile Crescent Review

Which two rivers is Mesopotamia between?

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Which Two Rivers is Mesopotamia

Between?

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

What technology did Sumerians use to

control flooding?

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What technology did Sumerians use to

control flooding?

Irrigation systems which included levees, canals, and dams

What did Sumerians do to prevent attack by

their neighbors?

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What did Sumerians do to prevent attack by

their neighbors?

They built walls around their cities.

What is a city-state?

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What is a city-state?

An independent state that includes a city and its

surrounding territories.

Name 3 Sumerian inventions

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Name 3 Sumerian inventions

Plow
Irrigation systems (canals, levees, dams)
The wheel
Writing
Using ox to pull the plow
There are others

Choose one Sumerian invention and explain why it is

important using at least two examples of how that
inventions changed peoples lives.

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Choose one Sumerian invention and explain

why it is important using at least two
examples of how that inventions changed
peoples lives.

Example: using animals to pull the plows

1)made planting crops more efficient so people were free to do other things
with their time besides planting.
2)it allowed farmers to grow more food, so they could feed more people.
Now you cant use this on the test

What is Hammurabis Code?

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What is Hammurabis Code?

A collection of 282 laws believed to be the first written laws.

Why is Hammurabis Code important?

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Why is Hammurabis Code important?

It was the first attempt to write down all laws that control a
society.
It created and enforced the rule of law, or the idea that all
members of society-even the rich and powerful-must obey
the law.

Define polytheism

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Define polytheism

Belief in many gods

Define monotheism

10

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Define monotheism
Belief in only one god

True or False: Mesopotamians were

monotheistic

11

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True or False: Mesopotamians were

monotheistic

False

What is a ziggurat?

12

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What is a ziggurat?
Mesopotamian temples that were pyramid-shaped brick
towers

What is cuneiform?

13

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What is cuneiform?
A system of writing created by the Sumerians that uses
triangular-shaped symbols to stand for ideas or things

What material did the Sumerians use to

write on?

14

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What material did the Sumerians use to

write on?

They wrote on wet clay tablets

Who was Cyrus the Great?

15

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Who was Cyrus the Great?

He was the first ruler of the Persian Empire

What are some territories Cyrus conquered?

16

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What are some territories Cyrus conquered?

Kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor

Greek city-states in Ionia
Lands east toward India and Asia

What is a standing army?

17

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What is a standing army?

A permanent army of professional soldiers.

Who were the Immortals?

18

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Who were the Immortals?

A core of 10,000 elite soldiers employed by the Persian

Empire

How did Cyrus treat the people he

conquered? What evidence is there to
support this claim?

19

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How did Cyrus treat the people he

conquered? What evidence is there to
support this claim?

Cyrus treated his conquered people well. He allowed them

to keep their own customs and religions.

Who was Darius the Great?

20

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Who was Darius the Great?

Darius was a ruler of the Persian empire who expanded the
Persian empire into Europe and as far east as the Indus
Valley.

How did power transfer from Cyrus to

Darius?

21

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How did power transfer from Cyrus to

Darius?
Cyrus died.
Cyruss son Cambyses took over the empire. Cambyses
was weakened by a defeat in Kush.
Cambyses died, then Darius took the throne by force.

How did Darius organize the government of

the Persian Empire?

22

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How did Darius organize the government of

the Persian Empire?

He divided the empire into satrapies, or provinces, and

chose a leader for each one. Darius allowed the territories
to keep their local laws and traditions and the local leaders
could make their own decisions.

How did Darius improve the Persian

Empire?

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How did Darius improve the Persian

Empire?

-Created a fairer system of tribute (payment made to show loyalty to a stronger

power) in which each province paid only what it could afford.
-Created a common currency (money used as a way to exchange goods and
services). This made trade in the empire easier which increased its wealth.
-Built roads which allowed goods, tribute, armies, government officials and
messengers to travel faster that than ever before.
-Set up postal stations along a 1,500 mile-long Great Royal Road. This created
the fastest communication system in the ancient world.

What is Zoroastrianism?

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What is Zoroastrianism?
a monotheistic religion of the ancient Persian empire
founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC.

What are the central beliefs of

Zoroastrianism?

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What are the central beliefs of

Zoroastrianism?
-There

is one supreme god, Ahura Mazda

-The universe is in a battle between good and evil

-People have a role to play in the battle by working for good
-There is an afterlife

What is an alphabet?

26

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What is an alphabet?
a small set of letters or symbols, each of which stands for a
single sound

How many symbols did the Phoenician

alphabet have?

27

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How many symbols or letters did the

Phoenician alphabet have?

22 symbols

How was the Phoenician alphabet an

improvement over cuneiform?

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How was the Phoenician alphabet an

improvement over cuneiform?

Instead of memorizing hundreds of different symbols a

person only had to know 22. This made writing much
easier.

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