VGA (Video Graphic Array) :Chun kt ni vi mn hnh my tnh

CHNG 9: KHOI X LY ANH YUV

1. S O KHOI

S o cua khoi x ly anh YUV

Chc nng: X l d lieu anh nhan c t SDRAM BUFFER roi
xuat ra d lieu anh cho khoi Convert YUV to RGB

2. c im

Khoi Line Buffer : la bo em e lu lai cac gia tr

cac Pixel can thiet Line_Buffer co the la 1 FIFO hoc la 1 thanh ghi
dch(shift register), nhng trong th
vien cua Quartus khong co FIFO vi chieu dai 640 Words, nen ta
s dung thanh ghi dch

Khoi x ly anh (Image process): ta chon 1 trong hai che

o lam viec: loc trung bnh va tach bien.
Loc trung bnh: thc hien phep tng quan ca so

pixel vi mt n
Tach bien: tng t nh tren ta cung tach d lieu
16bit ra tng thanh phan e x l nh sau:

1)Tnh |Gx | va |Gy|: Chap ma tran ca so 33 pixels

anh cua frame vi hai mt na loc theo phng phap gradient vi
mat na loc Prewitt :

2)Tnh gia tr ngo ra cua pixel

cong thc

theo

Khoi Extract YCrCb to Y, Cr, Cb: tach chuoi d lieu 16

bit dang
YCrCb lien tiep ra 3 thanh phan Y, Cr, Cb. Da vao tn hieu iX[0] do
VGA controller a
ra e biet v tr cua Pixel trong hang la chan hay le(16 bit nay
la YCb hay la YCr)

CHNG 10: KHOI CONVERT YCRCB TO RGB

1. S O KHOI:

S khi ca khi Convert YcrCb to RGB

2. c im
Khi Convert chuyen oi t dang d lieu anh YCrCb 8 bit
sang dang RGB 10 bit cung cp cho khi VGA-controller. Cong thc
chuyen oi sang dang RGB 8 bit:
R = 1.164 ( Y - 16 ) + 1.596 ( Cr 128 ) ;
G = 1.164 ( Y - 16) - 0.392 ( Cb - 128 ) - 0.813 ( Cr - 128 ) ;
B = 1.164 ( Y - 16 ) + 2.017 ( Cb 128 ) ;
Sau o e co dang RGB 10 bit th ta dch trai 2 bit ( nhan 4 ) nen
co cong thc mi:
R = 4.656 ( Y - 16 ) + 6.384 ( Cr - 128 ) ;
G = 4.656 ( Y - 16 ) - 1.568 ( Cb - 128 ) - 3.252 ( Cr - 128 );
B = 4.656 ( Y - 16 ) + 8.068 ( Cb - 128 ) ;
Do cac he so co dang thap phan, trong khi o cac phep
toan cua phan cng c
tong hp ch thc hien tren so nguyen nen khi lam tron va
tnh toan th sai so kha ln, v
vay ta phai nhan bieu thc tren vi mot so nguyen H nao
o e giam bt sai so khi lam
tron cac he so, sau o tnh toan bieu thc roi chia lai cho H.
So nguyen H ta chon co dang 2k thay v thc hien phep chia cho A
ta ch can dch phai k bit. ay ta chon k = 7 hay
H = 128 th o chnh xac cua he so se en ch so th 2 sau
dau phay. Ta co cong thc cuoi cung (a lm tron e tnh
toan tren cac so nguyen) :
oR = (596 Y + 817Cr 114131) : 128 ;
oG = (596 Y 200Cb 416Cr + 69370) : 128 ;
oB = (596 Y + 1033Cb 141781) : 128 ;

CHNG 11: KHOI VGA CONTROLLER

1.Tng qut
Chc nng ca khi VGA controller l nhan d lieu anh RGB t
khoi ConvertYUV to RGB e xuat d lieu va tn hieu ong bo
cho Video DAC 7123, ong thi cung phat ra cac tn hieu ieu
khien SDRAM_BUFFER e xuat d lieu t SDRAM.

S khi VGA contronller

Chc nng tng pin IO ca khi VGA
2. c im
-S khi bn trong VGA controller
Vic iu khin VGA tng ng vi vic to ra xung cc xung qut
ct VS v hng HS theo ng cc yu cu v mt thi gian. Cch n
gin nht l s dng hai b m c ghp ni tip. S khi thit k
nh sau:

 thc hin vic hin th hnh nh ln mn hnh cn c b iu

khin tn hiu to cc xung qut ct v xung qut hng a cc dng
pixel trong b m c chuyn thnh cc tn hiu Red, Green, Blue
n b DAC video bn ngoi.
Tn hiu
CLK_IN

Chiu
Input

R
G
B
HS
VS

Output
Output
Output
Output
Output

M t
Tn hiu xung clock
ng h
Gi tr mu
Gi tr mu lc
Gi tr mu xanh lam
Tn hiu qut ct
Tn hiu qut ct dng

Khi DCM l khi c sn trong FPGA c kh nng iu chnh v

pha tn s v dng ca xung nhp ng b
Khi to xung qut ngang v dc: y l ht nhn ca VGA
controller, nhim v ca khi ny l to cc xung HS v VS bng hai b
m c ghp ni tip, b m th nht l b m cho xung qut ngang
(HORIZONTAL COUNTER) vi xung u vo l xung nhp DCM_CLK = 40
Mhz ly t DCM. B m th hai l cho xung qut ngang hay cn gi l b
m hng (VERTICAL COUNTER) c tng ln 1 sau khi mi hng c
m xong
Khi to im nh (RGB_Generator) : c u vo l cc gi tr
ta hcount v vcount ca im nh v u ra l mu sc tng ng
ca im nh , khi ny c th cha cc khi CHARACTER_ROM lu tr
dng ca font ch trong ch TEXT hoc DATA_RAM lu tr d liu (hnh
nh)
Hnh nh sau khi m ha l u vo ca khi hin th VGA. Ti
y, d liu hnh nh c khi VGA x l thnh cc chui tn hiu RGB
tng ng vi chun giao tip mn hnh VGA hin th trn mn hnh,
y l ch n cui cng ca h thng.

3.Tn hiu mu VGA

3 tn hiu RED, GREEN, BLUE tng ng th hin mu sc, trn

mnh hnh VGA. Mi mt tn hiu iu khin mt sng bn in t
phng cc ht electron v ln mt mu c bn ti mt im trn mn
hnh. Di ca tn hiu nm t 0V (tng ng vi mu ti hon ton) n
0,7V (sng hon ton), cng ca mi thnh phn mu v ba thnh
phn mu kt hp vi nhau to ln mu ca im nh (pixel)
Vi 3 bit tn hiu ny th ti a c 8 mu hin th. Mi tn hiu mu
analog c th l mt trong 8 mc bng cch dng b chuyn i digital to
analog 3 bit (DAC 3 bit)

c nhiu mu hin th hn, ta s dng mt h thng cc in tr

mc song song tng t nh h thng DAC, tc l in tr sau c gi tr
ln gp hai ln in tr trc . Vi cch mc nh th vi mt t hp n
u vo s sinh ra 2^n mc in p tng ng hay tng ng c 2n mu
sc khc nhau u ra.

Giao tip VGA trong ch n gin nht gm 5 tn hiu iu khin trn

v c ni vi chm cm 15-PIN bn phi