GCSE Biology

Continuous Assessment.
Genetics and Genetic Engineering
Time allowed 45 minutes

Surname:
Forename:

Final Grade

1. Define the following terms: [3 marks]

4. If freckles are dominant over no-freckles and a heterozygous female mates

with a heterozygous male. What are the probable genotypic ratios of the offspring?
Use correct terminology to explain your answer. [3 marks]

a. Gene

b. Allele

c. Chromosomes

5. State the way in which plasmids are different from chromosomal DNA in

2. What is the name of the allele, that controls the development of a characteristic

bacteria. [1 mark]

only when it is present on both chromosomes? [1 mark]

6. Chromosomes consist of long, coiled molecules of DNA. What are the 2

types of Human cells that do not have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Explain your
3. Define the following: [2 marks]

answer [2 marks]

a. Genotype

b. Phenotype

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7. Describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis [6 marks]

11.

a.

What is Genetic engineering? [1 mark]

b.

Describe 1 way in which bacteria can be altered in this process. [1]

12. Describe 2 applications of genetic engineering. For each example state the
organism into which the gene was inserted and provide an explanation of why
this is beneficial in genetic engineering [4 marks]

8. How many daughter cells does meiosis produce? [1 mark]

9. The nitrogenous base Guanine will always pair with which other nitrogenous

13. Describe DNA mutation and provide 2 examples of how DNA mutations

base? [1 mark]

can occur. [3 marks]

10. What is the name of the bond that hold bases together? [1 mark]

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14. State what a genome is. [1 mark]

18. Explain how recombinant DNA technology is used in the production of

insulin for diabetics. [4 marks]

15. What did the Human Genome project achieve? [1 mark]

16. The use of GM crops is an ethical issue. What is meant by the term ethical
issue? [1 mark]

17. Using an example State 1 advantage and 1 concern with genetic engineering
[3 marks]

19. Restriction enzymes are very specific in how they cut DNA. Provide a
named example of a restriction enzyme and describe how they do this. [4 marks]

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20.

a.

c.
Provide 1 reason for and 1 reason against the production of GM insect resistant plants. [2 marks]
What is Bacillus thuringiensis [1 mark]

b.
Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxin that kills many insect pests. How has B.
thuringiensis been used in genetic engineering to produce insect resistant crops? [5
marks]

End of Test

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