Remplazando E.

D tenemos:
+

n an( x )

n1

n=1

x 2 an ( x ) =0
n=0

n=1

n=0

n a n ( x )n1 an ( x )n +2=0
+

(n+1)a n+1 ( x ) an +2 ( x ) =0
n=0

n=2

a1 +2 a2 x (n+1)a n+1 ( x ) x
n=2

an +2 ( x )n=0
n=2

an+1an2 ( x )n
+

a1 +2 a2 x+ ( n+1 )
n=2

0
Por la independencia lineal del polinomio
a1=0
2 a2=0

No

a2=0

( n+1 ) an +1an2=0
( n+1 ) an +1=an2
n=2
n=3
n=4

a0 =3 a3
a1=4 a 4
a2=5 a5

a3 =a0 /3
a 4=0
a5 =0

a3 =6 a6

n=5

a6 =

a 4=7 a 7

n=6

a7 =0

a6 =9 a9

n=8

a3 n=

a9 =

a0

n=1,2,

3 ( n!) ,
n

a3 n +1=0 ,

n=0,1, 2,

a3 n1=0 ,

n=1,2,

n=1

n=1

a 3 nx 3 n=
+

Y ( x ) =

n=1

a0 x3 n
=0
3n (n !)

a0 x 3
n! 3

Y ( x ) =a0 e x / 3
Y I =x 2 y
Algunas series de Maclaurin

e x =1+ x +

x
e =
n=0 n !
x

x x
x
+ +
2! 3 !
n!

( )
3

a0
3x6

a0
3 x 6x 9

Sen ( x )=x

(1 ) x
x3 x5
+ +
3! 5!
(2 n+1)!
2 n+1

(1) x
e =
n=0 (2 n+1)!
x

cos ( x )=1

(1 )n x2 n
x2 x4
+ +
+
2! 4!
(2 n)!

cos ( x)= (1 )

n=0

x 3 x5
x 2n +1
senh=x + + +
+
3! 5 !
( 2 n+1 ) !
+

senh= (1 )
n=0

x2 n +1
( 2 n+1 ) !

x2n
( 2n ) !

2n

x x
x
cosh=1 + +
2! 4!
(2 n ) !
+

cos h=
n=0

xn
( 2 n) !
+

1
2
n
n
=1+ x + x ++ x += x
1x
n=0

en1< x<1, converge

Ejemplo.
Determine en
4yII+y = 0.

forma de serie de potencia en x0=0 las soluciones de

Solucin
Sea la solucin de la forma:
+

Y ( x ) = an ( xx 0 )
n=0

Y ( x ) = an x

n=0

Y ( x ) = nan x n1
n=0

Y ( x ) = n(n1)a n x

n2

n=0

Reemplazando en la ec. Diferencial.

+

4 n(n1) a n ( x )

n2

n=1

+ an ( xx 0 )n=0
n=0

n
+

4 (n+2)(+1) an+2 x n+ an ( xx 0 )n=0

n =0

n=1

n
4 (n+2)(+1) an+2 +a n x n=0

n=1

4 ( n+2 )( n+1 ) an+2 +a n=0 por propiedad , Donde n=0,1, 2, 3,

an +2=

an
4 (n+2)(n+1)

Para:
n=0

a2=

a0 a 0
= 2
8
2 2 !

n=1

a3 =

n=2

a2
a4
=
443 8443

a 4=

n=3

a5 =

a1
a
= 0
432

a3
a1
=
454 432454

a6 =

n=4

a7 =

n=5

a4
a
= 6 0
465 2 6 !

a5
a1
= 4
476 2 5!476

Y ( x ) =a0 +a 1x+ a2x +a3x + a4x +

Y ( x ) =a0 +a 1x

a0
2

2 2 !

a1
2

2 3 !

a0 x
4

2 4 !

a1 x
4

2 5 !

a0 x
6

2 6 !

a1 x
6

2 7 !

x2
x 4
x 6
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
x3
x5
x7
Y ( x ) =a0

+ + a1 (x 2. + 4 6 + )
1!
2!
4!
6!
2 3 ! 2 .5 ! 2 .7 !

( ) ()

()

x 3
x 2
x 2
1
1
1
2
2
2
x

+
2
3!
5!
7!
+
(1)n x 2 n
(
)
Y x =a 0

+ 2a 1
2
n=0 ( 2 n ) !

()

()

()

()

(1 )n x
( x )=a0

2
n=0 ( 2 n ) !
+

2n

()

(1 )n
x
+ 2 a1

2
n=0 ( 2 n+1 ) !
+

2 n+1

()

Y ( x ) =a0 cos

( x2 )+2 a sen ( x2 )
1

La solucin general seria:

Y ( x ) =c 1 cos

( x2 )+ c sen ( 2x )
2

Ejercicios:
Determinar mediante serie de potencia en x0=0, las siguientes E.D.

Y II + Y =0

Y II =Y I

Y I + x 3 Y =0

Y II Y =0

(1+ x)Y I 2Y =0

TEOREMA DE FROBENIUS
Si x = x0 es un punto singular regular de la ecuacin diferencial
II

a2 ( x ) y +a1 ( x ) y + a1 ( x ) y=0
Existe al menos una solucin de la forma
y ( x )= ( xx 0 )

an ( xx 0 )n
n=0

y ( x )= an ( xx 0 )

n+ r

n=0

Donde el nmero r es una constante por determinar

La serie converge al menos en el intervalo 0 < x x0 < R

Ejemplo.

Resolver 3xyII + yI y = 0.
Solucin:
La E.D tiene como punto singular regular a x0 = 0, usando el teorema de
Frobenius tiene la solucin de la forma:
+

y ( x )= an ( xx 0 )

n+ r

n=0

y ( x )= an ( x )

n+r

n=0

y ( x )= (n+ r) a n ( x )

n+r

n=0

y ( x )= an ( xx 0 )n+ r
n=0

y ( x )=a0 x+ a1 x r +1+ a2 x r +2 +a3 x r+3 +

y I ( x )=ra 0 x r1 + ( r 1 ) a 1 x r + ( r +2 ) a2 x r+1 + ( r +3 ) a 3 x r +2+
+

y ( x )= (n+r )(n+ r1)an ( x )

II

n+ r2

n=0

Reemplazando en la E.D.
+

( n+ r )( n+ r1 ) an ( x )
n=0

n+r 1

+ (n+r )an ( x )

( n+ r )( 3 n+3 r 3+1 ) an ( x )

n=0

n+r1

n=0

( n+ r ) ( 3 (n+1)+ 3 r2 ) an +1 ( x )
n=0

n +r1

an ( x )

an ( x )
n=0

n +r

=0

n =0

n+r

a n ( x )
n=0

n+r

=0

n +r

=0

n+r

n+ r

( n+r +1 ) an +1 ( x ) a n ( x ) =0
n=0

r ( 3 r 2 ) a0 ( x )

r ( 3 r2 ) a0 ( x )

r 1

r 1

+
n=0

+ [ ( n+r +1 ) ( 3 n+3 r +1 ) an+ 1an ] ( x )

n=0

r ( 3 r2 ) a0=0 r 1=0,r 2 =

2
3

( n+r +1 ) ( 3 n+3 r +1 ) an+1 an=0

Para:
an +1=

r 1=0
an
( n+1 ) (3 n+ 1 )

n=0 a 1=

a0
a
= 0
1 11!

n=1 a2=

a1
a
a0
= 0 =
24 24 2 !14

n=2 a3=

a2
a0
a0
=
=
37 3247 3 !47

n=3 a 4=

a3
a0
a0
=
=
410 3247410 4 !4710

n=n1 an=
Para: r2 = 2/3

a0
n !(14710 ( 3 n2 ))

n+r

=0

an +1=

an1=

an
5
n+ (3 n+3)
3

( )

=an

an

( 53 )(n+1)

3 n+