Science Chapter 4

11/23/15

Lesson 45 pg. 103-106

1. Some reasons we use technology to control heat are to be

comfortable, to keep equipment from breaking, to cook or prepare

food.
2. Controlling heat during space travel is important for survival and for

keeping the space crews safe.

3. Space vehicles cause more friction than rubbing your hands together
because a space vehicle is much larger and moves faster
4. The type of spacecraft that was used at the beginning of the space
program was the space capsule.
5. When a spacecraft returns ot the earth, its exterior can become
more than 1,000 C (1,832 F).
6. Capsules were designed with flat bottoms because the flat bottom

would help slow the capsule down when it reentered the earths
atmosphere
7. The problem with the design was that the flat bottom produced a
great deal of friction and would cause the capsule to become very
hot.
8. Scientists are able to cool a space capsule by putting a material on
the capsule that would melt and vaporize. As the material vaporized, it
helped cool the capsule.
9. The method of decreasing heat on a space capsule cannot be used
on a space shuttle because space shuttles were intended to be used
again, but a space capsule was used only once.
10. A space shuttle is larger than a space capsule

11. A space shuttle experiences more friction and higher temperatures

than a space capsule because it is larger and has more space area.
12. Surface area refers to the entire outside surface of an object.
13. More surface area causes more friction because it provides more
places to produce friction.
14. It is important to protect the frame of a space shuttle because the
frame is made of aluminum, which is a type of metal that can be
melted easily at high temperatures.
15. The bottom of the shuttle heats up the most when it is returning to
earth because it produces most of the friction that slows the shuttle
down.
16. Quilted, waterproof glass blankets and tiles are the types of insulation
that are used on space shuttles.
17. Some tiles have to provide more heat protection than others do that
is why different types of tiles are used in different places on a space
shuttle.
18. Special types of insulation that are used to cover the bottom of a
shuttle are special tiles designed to protect against very high
temperatures.
19. Tiles that were broken or damaged are what probably caused the
explosion on the space shuttle Columbia.
20. Insulation is used on a space shuttle because it keeps harmful heat
outside the shuttle but keeps some heat inside the shuttle to protect
the crew from the coldness of space.
21. Keeping heat inside a shuttle is a problem because the equipment on
the shuttle produces a great deal of heat. Temperatures would get
too hot for people. Heat could damage equipment.

22. The temperature in outer space is very cold.

23. The sun causes objects in space to heat up
24. Opening the shuttle door helps cool the shuttle because pipes

transfer some of the heat from the interior of the shuttle to an area
inside the cargo bay. When the doors are open, the heat flows from
the warm pipes in the cargo-bay area to the coldness of space.