Kotters (1996) Eight Stage Process

Establishing a sense of urgency

Creating a guiding coalition

Developing a vision and strategy

Communicating the change vision

Empowering broad-based action

Generating short-term wins

Otte & Benkes (2006) Points for Change

Online learning is the catalyst
Leadership must embrace, sponsor, and
orchestrate change
Include faculty to help break the bottleneck
Include all stakeholders including
administration, units, programs, campuses,
and IT
Iterative annual planning, and 3-5 year
planning
Develop a map of patterns and directions
Determine how online learning will change
the mission and the brand
Determine the needs and wants of students
with regards to traditional, online, and
blended learning
How will technology continue to support
traditional learning
Choose what to consolidate and what to
distribute
Advocate online instruction
Ensure that online courses are equivalent to
traditional courses
Train faculty in new pedagogies and
technologies
Establish a process for change management
Integrate outward-reaching and inwardfocused programs
Use online learning to integrate the
compartmentalized aspects of the university
Develop new models for faculty, such as
learning management systems, instructional
design teams, technology integration, and
pedagogical choices
The faculty bottleneck must be broken
through faculty development and a change to
the reward and tenure system
Bring random acts of innovation (p. 29) into
larger focus and purpose (p. 29) assuming
they support the overall goals
Leadership should back and support facultyled initiatives, assuming they support the
overall goals
Implement a Center for Teaching (p. 25)

Consolidating gains and producing more change

Anchoring new approaches in the culture

Continuously solicit feedback and negotiate

change from stakeholders, especially faculty
Promote bottom-up innovation and change
as much as top-down
Continue to advocate online instruction by
upholding quality by accomplishing
longstanding goals and the general mission
(p. 24)