VD for water at 20C (V in m/s, D in cm)

0.06
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6 0.8 1
2
4
6
8 10
20
40
60
100
200
400
600
1000
2000
4000 6000
10000
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VD for atmospheric air at 20C

1

10

1
|

2
|

Laminar
flow

4
|

6
|

Critical
zone

8
|

10
|

20
|

40
|

60
|

100
|

200
|

Transition zone

400
|

600
|

1000
|

2000
|

4000
|

6000
|

10000
|

20000
|

40000 60000
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100000
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Complete turbulence, rough pipes, R > 3500/r, 1/f = 1.14 2 log r

0.07

0.06
0.05
0.045
0.04

0.035

0.03
5.5

2hDg
DarcyWeisbach friction factor f
LV 2

Relative roughness r ( in mm, D in mm)

D

0.025

0.02
0.0175
0.015

4.5

0.0125

0.01
0.008

3.5

0.006
3
0.004
0.003
2.5
0.002

0.0015
2
1.8
1.6

1.4

1.2

10

0.0006

Smooth pipes, r = 0
1/f = 2 log(R f ) 0.8

0.0004

HagenPoisseuille equation
R 2300, f = 64/R

0.0002

0.0001

Colebrook equation, R 2300

1/f = 2 log(r /3.7 + 2.51/(R f ))

(m /s)

1.003e006
1.511e005

Fluid at 20C

Water
Air (101.325 kPa)

0.001
0.0008

(mm)

0.99
0.33
0.180.9
0.25
0.15
0.12
0.046
0.0015

Material

Riveted steel
Concrete
Wood stave
Cast iron
Galvanized iron
Asphalted cast iron
Commercial steel
Drawn tubing

r = 5e006
5e005

Acceleration at sea level

latitude 45, g = 9.80665 m/s2

2e005

r = 1e006

1e005

8
6 7 8

10

Moody Diagram

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10

VD
Reynolds number R (V in m/s, D in m, in m 2/s)

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10