BS 474-31996 - Earth-Moving Machinery - Safety - Part 3 Requ PDF

BS EN
474-3:1996
BRITISH STANDARD
Earth-moving
machinery
Safety
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Part 3: Requirements for loaders
The European Standard EN 474-3:1996 has the status of a

British Standard
ICS 53.100
Copyright British Standards Institution

Provided by IHS under license with BSI
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Not for Resale
BS EN 474-3:1996
Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical
Committee B/513, Construction equipment and plant, and site safety, to
Subcommittee B/513/1, Earth-moving machinery, upon which the following
bodies were represented:
British Coal Corporation
Construction Plant (Hire Association)
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes
Health and Safety Executive
Institution of Civil Engineers
Silsoe Research Institute
This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards
Board and comes
into effect on
15 July 1996
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No.
BSI 02-1999
Date
Comments
The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/513/1
Draft for comment 93/102261 DC
ISBN 0 580 25868 8
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Not for Resale
BS EN 474-3:1996
Contents
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Committees responsible
National foreword
Foreword
Text of EN 474-3
List of references
BSI 02-1999

Page
Inside front cover
ii
2
5
Inside back cover
Not for Resale
BS EN 474-3:1996
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/513/1 and is the
English language version of EN 474-3:1996 Earth-moving machinery Safety
Part 3: Requirements for loaders, published by the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN). It is one of a number of British Standards implementing
European Standards on machinery safety matters, in the development of which
the United Kingdom has played an active part.
This British Standard covers the essential safety requirements in the Machinery
Directive (89/392/EEC) and the Amending Directive (91/368/EEC).
Cross-references
Publication referred to
EN 292-1:1991
EN 292-2:1991
EN 294:1992
EN 474-1:1995
ENV 1070:1993
EN 23411:1988
EN 25353:1988
EN 60204-1:1992
ISO 2330:1995
ISO 2867:1994
ISO 3164:1992
ISO 3449:1992
ISO 3457:1986
ISO 3471:1994
ISO 4250-2:1991
ISO 5006-1:1991
ISO 5998:1986
Corresponding British Standard
BS EN 292 Safety of machinery Basic concepts,

general principles for design
Part 1:1991 Basic terminology, methodology
Part 2:1991 Technical principles and specifications
BS EN 294:1992 Safety of machinery Safety
distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the
upper limbs
BS EN 474 Earth-moving machinery Safety
Part 1:1995 General requirements
DD ENV 1070:1993 Safety of machinery
Terminology
BS 5538:1983 Specification for minimum operator
space envelope for earth-moving machinery
BS 5631:1978 Specification for earth-moving
machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry Seat index point
BS EN 60204 Safety of machinery Electrical
equipment of machines
Part 1:1993 Specification for general requirements
BS 5639 Fork arms for fork lift trucks
Part 4:1978 Specification for technical characteristics
and testing
BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery
Part 15:1995 Specification for access systems
Part 7:1992 Specification for laboratory evaluations or
roll-over and falling object protective structures: the
deflection-limiting volume for earth-moving machinery
Part 6:1992 Specification for falling object protective
structures on earth-moving machinery: laboratory tests
BS EN ISO 3457:1995 Earth-moving machinery
Guards and shields Definitions and specifications
Part 14:1995 Specification for laboratory tests and
performance requirements of roll-over protective
structures
BS AU 50 Tyres and wheels
Part 1: Tyres
Section 3: Off-the-road tyres
Subsection 3.2a:1991 Specification for narrow and wide
base tyre loads and inflation pressures
BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machinery
Part 5:1992 Determination of operators field of view
Part 2:1989 Specification for rated operating load for
crawler and wheel loaders
BSI 02-1999
ii

Not for Resale
BS EN 474-3:1996
ISO 6014:1986
ISO 6016:1982
ISO 6393:1985
ISO 6682:1986
ISO 6683:1981
ISO 7096:1994
ISO 7131:1984
ISO 7546:1983
ISO 8313:1989
ISO 10533:1993
BS 5982:1987 Method for determination of ground

speed of earth-moving machinery
BS 6300:1982 Methods of measuring the masses of
whole machines, their equipment and components of
earth-moving machinery
BS 6812 Airborne noise emitted by earth-moving
machinery
Part 1:1987 Method of measurement of exterior noise in
a stationary test condition
BS EN ISO 6682:1995 Earth-moving machinery
Zones of comfort and reach for control
BS 6218:1981 Specification for performance
requirements for seat belts and seat belt anchorages for
earth-moving machinery fitted with roll-over protective
structures
Part 17:1995 Specification for laboratory evaluation of
operator seat vibration
BS 6685:1986 Glossary of terms for loaders used for
earth-moving
BS 6422:1983 Method for volumetric rating of loader
and front loading excavator buckets used for
earth-moving
BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machinery
Part 2:1990 Measurement of tool forces and tipping
loads of loaders
Part 11:1993 Requirements for lift arm support devices
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
iii
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
iv

blank
Not for Resale
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 474-3
NORME EUROPENNE
February 1996
EUROPISCHE NORM
ICS 53.100
Descriptors: Earth-moving equipment, loaders, safety of machine, accident prevention, safety requirements, specifications
English version
Earth-moving machinery
Part 3: Requirements for loaders
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Engins de terrassement Scurit

Partie 3: Exigences applicables aux chargeuses
Erdbaumaschinen Sicherheit
Teil 3: Anforderungen fr Lader
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-11-03. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and
its members
Ref. No. EN 474-3:1996 E
Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
Contents
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by
CEN/TC 151, Construction equipment and building
material machines Safety, of which the
secretariat is held by DIN.
This European Standard has been prepared under a
mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade
Association and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
The Annex A is normative and contains List of
hazards and the Annex B is informative and
contains Illustrations.
EN 474 Earth-moving machinery Safety
comprises the following Parts.
Part 1: General requirements;
Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers;
Part 3: Requirements for loaders;
Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders;
Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators;
Part 6: Requirements for dumpers;
Part 7: Requirements for tractor-scrapers;
Part 8: Requirements for graders;
Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers;
Part 10: Requirements for trenchers;
Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill
compactors;
Part 12: Requirements for rope excavators.
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
August 1996, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1996.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
Foreword
0
1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.3
4.3.1
Introduction
Scope
Normative references
Definitions
Common definitions
Additional definitions
Loader
Compact loader
Skid steer loader
Attachment bracket
Attachment
Safety requirements
Access
Access to crawler machines
Access to compact loaders
Primary access opening
Alternative egress opening
Operators station
Minimum space envelope
Heating and ventilation system
Rear visibility
Operators protection
Roll-over protective structures
(ROPS)
4.3.2
Roll-over protective structures
(ROPS)
on derivated machinery
4.3.3
Falling object protective
structures (FOPS)
4.3.4
Fenders
4.3.5
Securing of controls for compact
loaders having front access
4.3.6
Guarding for compact loaders
4.4
Operators seat
4.5
Lift arm support device
4.6
Operators controls
4.6.1
Remote control
4.6.1.1
Control box
4.6.1.1.1 General requirements
4.6.1.1.2 Emergency stop
4.6.1.1.3 Controls
4.6.1.2
Selecting switch
4.6.1.3
Warning devices
Page
2
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
Travelling
Instructions
Lighting, signalling and marking
lights and reflex-reflector devices
4.8
Tyres and rims
4.9
Stability
4.9.1
Stability in different applications
4.9.1.1
Bucket application
4.9.1.2
Fork application
4.9.1.2.1 Stability factor
4.9.1.2.2 Hydraulic capacity
4.9.1.2.3 Rated operating load
4.9.1.2.4 Fork size
4.9.1.3
Object handling application
4.9.1.3.1 Stability factors
4.9.1.3.4 Load hooking device
4.9.1.4
Log handling application
4.9.2
Other applications
4.9.3
Load capacity information
4.10
Airborne noise
4.11
Attachment bracket
4.11.1
Locking
4.11.2
Identification
4.11.3
Instructions
4.12
Attachment
4.12.1
Identification
4.12.2
Instructions
5
Warning signs and hazard pictorials
6
Instruction handbook
Annex A (normative) List of additional
hazards Loaders
Annex B (informative) Illustrations
Figure 1 Location of measuring points
Figure 2 Deflection-limiting volume (DLV),
front view
Figure 3 Load centre distance
Figure B.1 Wheel loader
Figure B.2 Compact wheel loader
Figure B.3 Crawler loader
Figure B.4 Wheel loader with fork arms
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
Figure B.5 Wheel loader with grapple

Figure B.6 Wheel loader with object
handling equipment
Table 1 Rated operating load capacity
as % of tipping load
Table 2 Load centre distance
Table 3 Rated load capacity as % of
tipping load
Table 4 Achievable sound power levels for
airborne noise
Table 5 Attachment bracket identification
Table 6 Attachment identification
17
9
10
10
11
12
12
13
15
7
7
10
15
15
16
16
BSI 02-1999

Page
16
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.6.1.4
4.6.1.5
4.7
Page
9
9
Not for Resale
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

blank
Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
0 Introduction
This European Standard is a Type C-standard in
the structure of A-/B-/C-standards as defined in
EN 292-1:1991.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which
hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this
standard.
1 Scope
This standard specifies additional requirements to
and/or exceptions from EN 474-1:1994
Earth-moving machinery Safety
Part 1: General requirements.
This standard applies to wheel and crawler loaders
defined in ISO/DIS 6165:1994, and gives additional
requirements for attachments and for derivated
machinery.
This standard applies also for compact loaders as
defined in 3.2.2 and Figure B.2.
This standard deals with the significant hazards
pertinent to loaders when they are used as intended
and under the conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer (see Annex A of this standard and
Annex C of EN 474-1:1994).
Telescopic loaders are not covered in EN 474.
2 Normative references
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
This European Standard incorporates by dated or

undated references, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery Basic
concepts General principles for design
Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology.
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic
concepts General principles for design
Part 2: Technical principles and specifications.
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery Safety
distances to prevent danger zones being reached by
the upper limbs.
EN 474-1:1994, Earth-moving machinery
Safety Part 1: General requirements.
ENV 1070:1993, Safety of machinery
Terminology.
EN 23411:1988, Earth-moving machinery
Human physical dimensions of operators and
minimum operator space envelope.
EN 25353:1988, Earth-moving machinery, and

tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry Seat index point.
EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery Electrical
equipment of machines Part 1: General
requirements.
ISO 2330:1995, Fork lift trucks Fork arms
Technical characteristics and testing.
ISO 2867:1994, Earth-moving machinery Access
systems.
ISO 3164:1992, Earth-moving machinery
Laboratory evaluations of roll-over and falling object
protective structures Specifications for
deflection-limiting volume.
ISO 3449:1992, Earth-moving machinery Falling
Object Protective Structures Laboratory tests and
performance requirements.
ISO 3457:1986, Earth-moving machinery Guards
and shields Definitions and specifications.
Roll-over Protective Structures Laboratory tests
and performance requirements.
ISO 4250-2:1991, Narrow and wide base off-road
tyres and rims Part 2: Loads and inflation
pressures.
ISO/DIS 4250-3:1993, Earth-mover tyres and
rims Part 3: Rims.
ISO 5006-1:1991, Earth-moving machinery
Operators field of view Part 1: Test method.
ISO 5998:1986, Earth-moving machinery Rated
operating load for crawler and wheel loader.
Determination of ground speed.
Methods of measuring the masses of whole
machines, their equipment and components.
ISO/DIS 6165:1994, Earth-moving machinery
Basic types Vocabulary.
ISO 6393:1985, Acoustics Measurement of
airborne noise emitted by earth-moving
machinery Method for determining compliance
with limits for exterior noise Stationary test
condition.
ISO 6682:1986, Earth-moving machinery Zones
of comfort and reach for controls.
ISO 6683:1981, Earth-moving machinery Seat
belts and seat belt anchorages.
Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration.
Loaders Terminology and commercial
specification.
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
3.2.2
compact loader
3 Definitions
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.1 applies with the following

exceptions. An access step integrated in the track
frame can be retracted up to 30 mm from the outer
edge of the track shoe.
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery Loader

and front loading excavator buckets Volumetric
ratings.
Loaders Methods of measuring tool forces and
tipping load.
General principles for safety signs and hazard
pictorials.
Engine test code Net power.
Operator enclosure environment Part 2: Air filter
test.
Operator enclosure environment Part 4: Operator
enclosure ventilation, heating and/or
air-conditioning test method.
Lift-arm support devices Performance
requirements.
Operators controls.
Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and
reflex-reflector devices.
For the purposes of this standard the definitions

stated in ENV 1070:1993 apply.
Additional definitions specifically needed for this
standard are added below.
3.1 Common definitions
Terminology and commercial specifications for
loaders are specified in ISO 7131:1984 and
illustrated in Annex B of this standard.
Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred
to in this standard are also valid for this standard.
3.2 Additional definitions
3.2.1
loader
self-propelled wheeled or crawler machine, having a
front-mounted supporting loader linkage, primarily
designed for bucket loading or excavating through a
forward motion of the machine
NOTE A work cycle comprises filling, elevating, transporting
and discharging material.
loader having an operating mass

(see ISO 6016:1982) of 4 500 kg or less, designed to
work in confined spaces and the associated needs for
greater manoeuvrability
3.2.3
skid steer loader
loader steered by using variation of speed and/or
direction of rotation between traction drives on
opposite sides of a machine having fixed axles
3.2.4
attachment bracket
device to facilitate quick interchange of attachments
3.2.5
attachment
removable device (working tool) mounted either
directly to the linkage or on an attachment bracket
to fulfil the primary function of the machine or for a
specific use
example: bucket, log grapple, blade, ripper
4 Safety requirements
4.1 Access
4.1.1 Access to crawler machines
4.1.2 Access to compact loaders

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.1 applies. For compact
loaders the reference to ISO 2867:1994 applies with
the following provisions.
4.1.2.1 Primary access opening
The primary opening shall not be less than:
height: 875 mm;
width: 550 mm.
4.1.2.2 Alternative egress opening
An alternative opening shall be provided. The
rectangular dimension shall not be less
than 470 mm 600 mm.
4.2 Operators station
4.2.1 Minimum space envelope
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2 applies with the following
provision.
For compact loaders the minimum space envelope
width (dimension 920 mm, EN 23411:1988,
Figure 5) may be reduced to 650 mm at elbow
height.
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
4.2.2 Heating and ventilation system
4.2.3 Rear visibility
If a heating and ventilation system according to

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.2.6 is required, the
following applies. The heating and ventilation
system shall:
either comply with ISO 10263-4:1994; or
have the capacity of increasing the
temperature of the air inside the cab and
maintain a temperature of + 18 C at prevailing
ambient temperature. The minimum capacity of
the heating system shall have a %T of 25 C
measured at 10 C ambient temperature.
Measurement of the system capacity shall be made
at three points. The three points shall be located in
a vertical plane through the SIP and parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the machine as follows
(see Figure 1).
At filament position centre-point as defined in
ISO 5006-1:1991.
At the SIP as defined in EN 25353:1988.
100 mm above floor plate and 600 mm in front
of the SIP.
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.1, third paragraph,

applies also for rear window(s) with the following
provisions.
Arrangement to defrost the rear window(s)
shall be made.
The rear window(s) shall be fitted with a
motorized wiper and washer.
Loaders with a cab width # 750 mm may be
excepted.
4.3 Operators protection
4.3.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS)
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 474-3:1996
For compact loaders the test procedure of

ISO 3471:1994 is modified as follows.
The portion of the deflection-limiting volume (DLV)
above the LA (SIP) line (see ISO 3164:1992) is
allowed to deviate (lean) up to 15 degrees laterally
as shown in Figure 2, when the minimum energy
requirement is met. The portion below the LA (SIP)
line of the DLV can be disregarded.
Figure 1 Location of measuring points

Alternatively the heating capacity can be
determined by calculation.
The ventilation system shall be capable of providing
the cab with filtered fresh air at the minimum
of 43 m3/h. The filter should be tested according to
ISO 10263-2:1994.
NOTE The filter element selection depends on the operating
environment conditions.
BSI 02-1999

Figure 2 Deflection-limiting volume

(DLV), front view
Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
Loaders equipped with an attachment other than a

bucket application shall have a ROPS
(see EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.3) related to the
maximum operating mass (see ISO 6016:1982) as
specified by the manufacturer. When used as
derivated machinery (e.g. log handling), the
maximum machine mass, which the ROPS
structure meets, may be exceeded.
4.3.3 Falling object protective structures
(FOPS)
For compact loaders the following provisions apply:
compact loaders with an operating
mass # 700 kg (see ISO 6016:1982) shall be
designed and built so that a FOPS can be fitted,
which shall meet the performance requirements
of ISO 3449:1992 level 1;
compact loaders with an operating
mass > 700 kg (see ISO 6016:1982), shall be
designed and built so that a FOPS can be fitted,
which shall meet the performance requirements
of ISO 3449:1992 level 1 or level 2.
4.3.4 Fenders
Loaders without a cab, except loaders with front
access, shall have fenders which comply with
ISO 3457:1986. Loaders with a maximum designed
speed (see ISO 6014:1986) > 30 km/h shall be
equipped with fenders that protect the operators
station from debris ejected by the tyres if the risk
exists.
4.3.5 Securing of controls for compact loaders
having front access
Controls for:
lifting and lowering the boom;
machine movement; and
hydraulically controlled attachments
(e.g. multi-purpose bucket);
shall be
either mechanically secured e.g. by a safety
bar;
or automatically deactivated,
when the operator leaves/enters the operators
compartment.
4.3.6 Guarding for compact loaders

Compact loaders shall be fitted with side protection
that prevents the operator from reaching the
trapping parts between the side arms and fixed
parts of the machine when the operator is seated in
the operators position. Where mesh guarding is
used the dimensions of the openings shall not
exceed 40 mm 80 mm or an equivalent surface
area.
NOTE EN 294:1992 is not fully complied with because this
would cause the hazard of restricted visibility to the working
area.
4.4 Operators seat

Clause 4.3 and Annex A of EN 474-1:1994 apply for
compact loaders with the following changes.
Either the fore and aft adjustment
(see EN 474-1:1994, Table A.1, dimension Z4)
shall be at least 35 mm or corresponding
adjustment of frequently used operator controls
shall be provided.
Vertical adjustment may not be applied.
Requirements of 4.3.1.3 of EN 474-1:1994
regarding seat transmitted vibrations according
to ISO 7096:1994 do not apply.
Requirements of 4.3.1.4 of EN 474-1:1994
regarding operator restraint system shall be met.
Alternatively, a lockable and sufficiently padded
mechanical device (e.g. bar, half bars) can be
accepted as an operator restraint system if the
restraint forces comply with ISO 6683:1981.
4.5 Lift arm support device
A mechanical lift arm support device shall be
provided if the lift arm is to be held in an elevated
position for maintenance, service or other
non-operational purposes. The support device shall
comply with ISO 10533:1993.
4.6 Operators controls
Operators controls shall comply with
ISO/DIS 10968:1993.
The normal engine stopping device shall be within
the zone of reach (see ISO 6682:1986).
4.6.1 Remote control
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.4.2.6 applies with the
following additions.
4.6.1.1 Control box
Activation of controls shall only be possible from a
portable remote control box. The remote control box
shall have a key switch for activating/deactivating
the remote control.
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.3.2 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on

derivated machinery
EN 474-3:1996
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
By design the control box shall not obstruct the

machine operators freedom of movement, and not
be affected by impact and shock which could cause
inadvertent machine movements.
Rims shall be easy to identify

(see e.g. ISO/DIS 4250-3:1993, clause 2).
Instructions regarding safety rules, pressure(s),
method of inflation and checking shall be provided
in the instruction handbook.
4.6.1.1.2 Emergency stop
4.9 Stability
The remote control box shall be fitted with an

emergency stop that fulfils the requirements
of 10.7 of EN 60204-1:1992.
4.9.1 Stability in different applications
4.6.1.1.1 General requirements
The control box shall have clearly marked directions

of movements for the machine and its attachment
and be safeguarded against unintentional
actuation e.g. pushbuttons with protective collars.
It shall be possible to lock the controls in the
deactivated mode against unintentional or
unauthorized actuation.
All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based

on the machine being level and on a firm supporting
ground surface.
The weight of the attachment and attachment
bracket fitted should be included in the
determination of the rated capacity.
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.9 applies. To provide a
sufficient stability the rated operating loads in
intended operating applications shall be determined
as follows.
4.6.1.2 Selecting switch
4.9.1.1 Bucket application
A selecting switch shall be located at the operators

station of the machine for selecting main or remote
controlled mode.
The rated capacity of a loader used in bucket

application shall be determined as follows:
tipping load shall be determined according to
ISO 8313:1989;
rated operating load shall be determined
according to ISO 5998:1986;
volumetric rating of the bucket shall be
determined according to ISO 7546:1983.
4.6.1.1.3 Controls
4.6.1.3 Warning devices

When activated a visual warning shall indicate to
the bystanders that the machine is remote
controlled and it shall be possible to operate the
audible warning device of the machine from the
control box.
4.6.1.4 Travelling
The machine travelling speed shall not
exceed 10 km/h. When travelling the attachment,
steering and brake systems shall be remote
controlled.
NOTE The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the
density of the material have to be taken into account when a
bucket is selected for a specific application.
4.9.1.2 Fork application

The rated operating load capacity for fork
application shall be determined as follows.
4.6.1.5 Instructions
4.9.1.2.1 Stability factor
The instruction handbook for remote controlled

machines shall contain information about safe
distance from which the operator can control the
machine with the control box.
The rated load capacity as percentage of tipping

load shall be determined according to
ISO 8313:1989 with the fork attachment in a
horizontal position and shall not exceed the values
given in Table 1.
NOTE This standard does not prescribe technical design

requirements for remote control systems.
4.7 Lighting, signalling and marking lights

and reflex-reflector devices
NOTE Skid steer loaders shall have a rated operating load not
exceeding 50 % of the tipping load.
Table 1 Rated operating load capacity

as % of tipping load
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.2 applies with the

following additions.
Lighting, signalling and marking lights and
reflex-reflector devices shall comply with
appropriate clauses of ISO 12509:1995.
Ground condition
% of tipping load
Rough terrain
60
Firm and level ground
80
4.8 Tyres and rims
Tyre and rim manufacturers shall be consulted to

determine if the tyre and rim are of sufficient
strength (inflation pressure and load performance)
for the intended operating conditions,
see ISO 4250-2:1991.
It shall be possible to control and move the load in

all positions foreseen by the manufacturer and with
all relevant hydraulic circuits involved.
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
The rated operating load capacity is either

determined by the rated load capacity specified
in 4.9.1.2.1, or by the hydraulic capacity specified
in 4.9.1.2.2 whichever is less.
4.9.1.2.4 Fork size
The rated load in object handling shall not

exceed 50 % of the tipping load determined
according to ISO 8313:1989, to be measured at the
load hooking system and at the maximum reach
specified by the manufacturer.
To select the fork arm size and to determine the load

centre of gravity distance D, shown in Figure 3, the
specifications in Table 2 shall be followed.
Table 2 Load centre distance

--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Force F
Distance D
mm
F #
10 000
400
10 000
< F #
50 000
500

in 4.9.1.3.1 or by the hydraulic capacity according
to 4.9.1.3.2, whichever is less.
50 000
< F # 100 000
600
4.9.1.3.4 Load hooking device
100 000
< F # 200 000
900
The load hooking device may be either fixed or

removable. This device may be located on a bucket,
on an arm or be a separate device, and shall:
be so located that the risk of being damaged
during normal earth moving operations is
minimized;
be designed so that the hooking device
prevents unintentional unhooking;
withstand a load equal to twice the rated load
capacity. This test load shall be applied in the
most unfavourable position of the total hooking
system. No permanent deformation of the load
hooking system is accepted.
F > 200 000
1 200
Forks shall meet the requirements stated in

ISO 2330:1995.
4.9.1.4 Log handling application

The rated operating load capacity for log handling
shall be determined as follows.
The rated load capacity as percentage of tipping
load determined according to ISO 8313:1989 but
with log handling attachment fitted, shall not
exceed the values given in Table 3.
Table 3 Rated load capacity as
% of tipping load
Ground condition
% of tipping load
Wheel
loader
Figure 3 Load centre distance

4.9.1.3 Object handling application
The rated operating load capacity for handling a
suspended load shall be determined as follows.
Crawler
loader
Rough terrain
75
50
Firm and level ground
85
60

BSI 02-1999
10

Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
The control for locking and unlocking the

system of the attachment bracket shall be
secured against unintended release.
It shall not be possible to release the
attachment accidentally by malfunction or loss of
engagement forces.

in 4.9.1.4.1 or by the hydraulic capacity specified
in 4.9.1.4.2 whichever is less.
4.9.2 Other applications
The rated load capacity of derivated machinery
shall be determined by the manufacturer according
to the load capacity specification given
in 4.9.1.1 to 4.9.1.4 whichever best suits the special
application.
4.9.3 Load capacity information
The attachment manufacturer shall provide
information of the rated load capacity at
corresponding reach and height in the applications
as described in 4.9.1.1 to 4.9.1.4 and 4.9.2. This
information shall be provided to the user.
4.10 Airborne noise
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.10.1 applies with the
following addition.
The sound power level of airborne noise shall be
measured according to ISO 6393:1985. The targets
for achievable sound power level are shown in
Table 4.
NOTE Achievable sound power levels do not constitute limit
values of exposure for persons, but are the emission values from
a machine under defined test conditions. They are not a barrier
to innovation and they should not prevent the achievement of
lower levels.
Table 4 Achievable sound power levels for

airborne noise
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Engine power P
according to
ISO/DIS 9249:1995
Achievable sound power level
kW
dB(A) 1 pW
P # 70
106
70 < P # 160
108
160 < P # 350
113
350 < P # 700
118
P > 700
120
4.11.2 Identification
The attachment bracket shall be permanently
marked according to Table 5.
4.11.3 Instructions
Instructions concerning mounting, locking,
checking procedure and the influence on the rated
operating load shall be provided by the attachment
bracket manufacturer. The checking procedure of
the locking shall be described in detail.
4.12 Attachment
The machine manufacturer shall define the range of
attachments intended to be used with the machine
and establish the criteria for the safe fitting and
subsequent use of the attachment.
4.12.1 Identification
The attachment shall be permanently marked
according to Table 6.
4.12.2 Instructions
Instructions concerning mounting and use shall be
provided by the attachment manufacturer.
5 Warning signs and hazard pictorials

Warning signs and hazard pictorials should follow
the general principles of ISO 9244:1995. They shall
be made of durable materials.
6 Instruction handbook
4.11 Attachment bracket

4.11.1 Locking
The attachment bracket locking system shall meet
the following requirements.
It shall keep the attachment in the locked
position by a positive engagement system and
retain it under all operating conditions.
It shall be possible to verify the locked position
of the attachment bracket and the attachment
from the operators position, or from the location
where the locking control is operated.
EN 474-1:1994, clause 5 apply with the following

additions.
The instruction handbook shall contain the
following information.
The need for a well-trained and competent
operator.
The safety rules to be observed in particular
the stability of the machine, its attachments and
safe operation.
All rated capacities are based on the criteria of
the machine being level and on a firm supporting
ground. When the machine is operated in
conditions that deviate from these criteria
(e.g. on soft or uneven ground, on a slope or when
subject to side loads), these conditions shall be
taken into account by the operator.
11
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
Indication that the machine user shall

determine if special hazards exist in his
application such as toxic gases, ground
(underfoot) conditions etc. that require special
precautions and that he shall take measures to
eliminate or reduce the hazards.
The need for personal protective equipment.

The range of temperature in which the
machine is intended to be operated and stored.
Provisions for limiting proximity hazards.
NOTE More detailed instructions for use will be included in a
future revision of this standard.
Table 5 Attachment bracket identification

Required information
Attachment bracket manufacturer

Same as machine
manufacturer
Other than machine

manufacturer
Attachment bracket manufacturers name or logotype
Required
Required
Type denomination (e.g. Part number)
Required
Required
Mass (kg)
Not requireda
Required
Working circuit pressure (Pa) (if relevant)
Not requireda
Required
Load capacity (N)
Not requireda
Required
See manufacturers machine documentation.
Table 6 Attachment identification

Attachment manufacturer
Same as machine
manufacturer
Other than machine

manufacturer
Attachment manufacturers name or logotype
Required
Required
Type denomination (e.g. Part number)
Required
Required
Mass (kg)
Not requireda
Required
Working circuit pressure (Pa) (if relevant)
Not requireda
Required
Capacity of the attachment (e.g. m2, m3) if relevant
Not requireda
Required
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Required information
See manufacturers machine documentation.
BSI 02-1999
12

Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
Annex A (normative)
List of additional hazards Loaders
The list of hazards in Annex C of EN 474-1:1994 applies with the following additions.
Additional hazards
Relevant clauses
EN 292-2:1991
EN 474-3
Annex A
20 Hazards due to mobility and lifting

20.1 Travelling functions
3.2.1
3.2.3
3.3.3
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20.2 Operating functions
3.3.1
3.3.2
20.3 Powering functions
3.3.5
20.4 Operators position
3.2.1
3.5.3
3.4.3
20.4.1 ROPS
20.4.2 FOPS
20.4.3 Side guards
20.5 Remote control
20.6 Accidental movement
3.4.4
3.2.3
3.3.3
3.4.1
4.1.2.6
3.2.1
3.4.5
20.7 Access
21 Hazards generated by inadequate lighting

21.1 Travelling area
3.1.2
21.2 Working area
3.1.2
22 Hazards caused by attachment and/or equipment
22.1 Arm system
22.2 Bucket application
3.3.1
22.3 Fork application
22.4 Log handling application
22.5 Energy supply
4.7
4.7
4.12.1
4.5
4.9.1
4.9.1.2
4.9.1.4
4.9.1.2.2
4.9.1.3.2
4.9.1.4.2
13
BSI 02-1999

4.3.4
4.6
4.6.1.1.2
4.6.1.2
4.6.1.1
4.6.1.1.5
4.9.1
4.9.1.1
4.9.1.2
4.9.1.3
4.9.1.4
4.9.2
4.9.1.2.2
4.9.1.3.2
4.9.1.4.2
4.2
4.4
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.6
4.6.1
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.1
Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Additional hazards
Relevant clauses
EN 292-2:1991
EN 474-3
Annex A
23 Hazards caused by attachment bracket
4.11.1
4.11.2
24 Hazards due to object handling
4.1.2.7
24.1 Stability
4.1.2.1
4.9.1
4.9.1.2.1
4.9.1.2.3
4.9.1.2.4
4.9.1.3
4.9.1.3.1
4.9.1.3.3
4.9.1.4
4.9.1.4.1
4.9.1.4.3
24.2 Lifting accessories
4.1.2.3
4.9.1.3
4.1.2.4
4.9.1.3.3
4.2.1.5
4.9.1.3.4
4.1.2.6
4.3.1
4.3.2
25 Hazards generated by noise
1.5.8
4.10
26 Hazards generated by lack of warning signs
1.7.2
4.6.1.1.4
3.6.1
27 Hazards due to missing and/or incorrect instructions
1.7.4
4.6.1.3
3.6.3
4.8
4.4
4.9.3
4.11.3
4.12.2
6
BSI 02-1999
14

Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
Annex B (informative)
Illustrations
B.1.1 Wheel loader
Wheel loader with an operating mass > 4 500 kg.
Figure B.1 Wheel loader
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
B.1.2 Compact loader

Wheel loader with an operating mass < 4 500 kg designed to work in confined spaces and with a need for
greater manoeuvrability.
Figure B.2 Compact wheel loader
15
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
EN 474-3:1996
Figure B.3 Crawler loader

B.2 Derivated machinery (examples)
Crawler or wheel loader with an alternative attachment, which does not change the safety requirement of
the loader but modifies the application for use.
Figure B.4 Wheel loader with fork arms
Figure B.5 Wheel loader with grapple
BSI 02-1999
16

Not for Resale
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
B.1.3 Crawler loader
EN 474-3:1996
Figure B.6 Wheel loader with object handling equipment
17
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
18

blank
Not for Resale
BS EN 474-3:1996
List of references
See national foreword.
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BSI 02-1999

Not for Resale
BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL

BSI British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It
presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is
incorporated by Royal Charter.
Revisions
British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards
should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.
It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We
would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this
British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible,
the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: 020 8996 9000.
Fax: 020 8996 7400.
BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that
subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.
Buying standards
Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be
addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001.
In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI
implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless
otherwise requested.
Information on standards
BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international
standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various
BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its
products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: 020 8996 7111.
Fax: 020 8996 7048.
Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and
receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of
these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: 020 8996 7002.
Fax: 020 8996 7001.
Copyright
Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of
the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted
under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI.
This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of
necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
written permission of BSI must be obtained.
If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing
agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager.
Tel: 020 8996 7070.
Not for Resale
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

BS 474-31996 - Earth-Moving Machinery - Safety - Part 3 Requ PDF

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

BS 474-31996 - Earth-Moving Machinery - Safety - Part 3 Requ PDF

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

BS EN

Part 3: Requirements for loaders

The European Standard EN 474-3:1996 has the status of a

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

Committees responsible for this

This British Standard, having

Amendments issued since publication

The following BSI references

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

Corresponding British Standard

BS EN 292 Safety of machinery Basic concepts,

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

BS 5982:1987 Method for determination of ground

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

Copyright British Standards Institution

Engins de terrassement Scurit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-11-03. CEN members

Not for Resale

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

Figure B.5 Wheel loader with grapple

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

Copyright British Standards Institution

This European Standard incorporates by dated or

EN 25353:1988, Earth-moving machinery, and

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.1 applies with the following

ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery Loader

For the purposes of this standard the definitions

loader having an operating mass

4.1.2 Access to compact loaders

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

4.2.2 Heating and ventilation system

4.2.3 Rear visibility

If a heating and ventilation system according to

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.1, third paragraph,

For compact loaders the test procedure of

Figure 1 Location of measuring points

Copyright British Standards Institution

Figure 2 Deflection-limiting volume

Not for Resale

Loaders equipped with an attachment other than a

4.3.6 Guarding for compact loaders

4.4 Operators seat

Copyright British Standards Institution

Not for Resale

4.3.2 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on

By design the control box shall not obstruct the

Rims shall be easy to identify

4.6.1.1.2 Emergency stop

The remote control box shall be fitted with an

4.9.1 Stability in different applications