Background:

Grade: 11
Contraception
Topic: Contraception Methods; types, cost, effectiveness, and methods
of use introduction
Lesson: 6 of 9
Introduction:
Teenage pregnancy rates have remarkably decreased over the past
few years. The Center for Disease Control reports that, In 2013, a
total of 273,105 babies were born to women aged 1519 years, for a
live birth rate of 26.5 per 1,000 women in this age group. This is a
record low for U.S. teens in this age group, and a drop of 10%from
2012. (CDC, 2015) These adolescents are becoming either more
informed about proper contraception methods, or they have seen the
effects of other generations decisions. This lesson will better inform
students on how to make educated choices on which contraception
method to use.
Goals:
1. Students will increase their knowledge about contraception
methods.
2. Students will demonstrate how to use contraceptive methods
correctly.
3. Students will increase their knowledge on effectiveness of
contraception methods.
Objectives:
1. At the conclusion of the lesson, the students will be able to
score at least
an 80% on a contraception methods quiz.
2. At the conclusion of the lesson, the students will be able to
demonstrate
how to properly put a condom on a penis model
during a practical
assessment.
3. At the conclusion of the lesson, the students will be able to
show they increased their knowledge of the effectiveness
contraception methods by
comparing and contrasting 3 methods of
contraception during an in class
activity.

Initiation:
As an introduction to this lesson, I will have two students pass out
pencils and a notecard to every student. I will tell them to write down,
anything they know about contraception methods. After collecting the
notecards I will read them and discuss a few of them and include the
students in a group discussion.

Content Outline:

Content

Method

Time

Materials

I. Initiation
a. Students
knowledge of
contraception
II. Importance of
Contraception Methods
a. STDs/STIs
statistics
b. Pregnancy
statistics
c. Discussion
III. Types of
Contraception methods
(male)
a. Cost
b. Effectiveness
c. Type
d. Advantages
e. Disadvantages
d. Activity with
Condoms
IV. Types of
Contraception methods
(female)
a. Cost
b. Effectiveness
c. Method of use

Class activity

10 min.

Paper & Pencils

Lecture/
Visuals

10min.

PowerPoint and
YouTube

Lecture/Visual 15 min.
s

Different types of
condoms

Lecture/Visual 25 min.
s

Different methods
of female
contraceptive
methods

d. Function

Content Core:
I.

Initiation
Hand out pieces of paper and pencils to students.
Tell them they have 3 min. to write down any contraception
method they know of, both male and female.
Have students pass up papers to the front after they are
completed.
Read over some of their answers.
Discuss the students answers.

II.

Importance of Contraception Methods

STDs/STIs: Review some important facts about STDs and
STIs, and stress how much the following methods decrease
the chance of contracting them.
Pregnancy: Teen pregnancy and childbearing bring
substantial social and economic costs through immediate
and long-term impacts on teen parents and their children.
In 2010, teen pregnancy and childbirth accounted for at
least $9.4 billion in costs to U.S. taxpayers for increased
health care and foster care, increased incarceration rates
among children of teen parents, and lost tax revenue
because of lower educational attainment and income
among teen mothers
Pregnancy and birth are significant contributors to high
school drop out rates among girls. Only about 50% of teen
mothers receive a high school diploma by 22 years of age,
versus approximately 90% of women who had not given
birth during adolescence.
The children of teenage mothers are more likely to have
lower school achievement and drop out of high school,
have more health problems, be incarcerated at some time

III.

during adolescence, give birth as a teenager, and face

unemployment as a young adult. (CDC, 2015)
Stress to the students that it is very hard but it is not
impossible to raise a child, because some students may
have children in the class or know someone close to them
that has one.

Types of Contraception Methods (Male)

Start with latex condoms; for each type of condom, you will
hold up and then pass them around. While they are being
passed around you will tell them the type, cost, and
effectiveness of each condom.
a. Latex condoms are slightly more reliable and in most
countries and they are most readily available. Latex
condoms can only be used with water based lubricants,
not oil based lubricants such as Vaseline or cold cream
as they break down the latex.
i.
Prices range depending on quantity: 36 count for
$13.97.
ii. Effectiveness: 82% when used
correctly, 18 or more pregnancies per 100 women in a
year.
b. Polyurethane condoms are made from a type of plastic.
They are suitable for people who are allergic to latex.
Polyurethane condoms are thinner than latex condoms,
and so can increase sensitivity.
i. They are more expensive than
latex condoms and slightly
less flexible so more
lubrication may be needed. Both oil and
water
based lubricants can be used with them.
ii. Prices range depending on quantity: 36
count for $42.99
iii. Effectiveness: 82% when used
correctly, 18 or more
pregnancies per
100 women in a year.
c. Lambskin condoms are membrane condoms made from
a thin layer of sheep cecum, a part of the intestine.
These condoms are great for people that are also
allergic to latex.
i. Biggest
thing to note with this kind is that they DO NOT
prevent the transmission of STDs. These condoms
can be used with oil-based lubricants unlike the other
two.
ii. Prices range depend on quantity:
30 count for $79.99
iii. Effectiveness: 82% when
used correctly, 18 or more
pregnancies per 100
women in a year.
d. Students will then pair up and one student will hold a
banana in their hand (representing the penis). The other

students will practice correctly unwrapping and placing

the condom on the penis. Students will then switch
partners to help relieve any awkwardness.
IV.

Types of Contraception Methods (Female)

Start with Barrier methods; each time hold up actual
contraception method and pass around. As it is getting
passed around discuss the cost, effectiveness, and
reemphasize the method.
a. Barrier methods are designed to prevent sperm from
entering the uterus; barrier methods are removable and
may be an option for women who cannot use hormonal
methods of contraception.
i. Examples
include: female condoms, and diaphragms with
spermicide.
ii. Price: $15-$75
iii. Effectiveness: Female condom79% Diaphragms with spermicide- 88%
b. Hormonal Methods of birth control use hormones to
regulate or stop ovulation and prevent pregnancy.
i. Examples include:
combined oral contraceptives (aka the
pill),
progestin-only pills, contraceptive patch, injectable birth
control, vaginal rings, implantable rods and
emergency contraceptive pills (aka Plan B).
ii. Price: $15-$45
iii. Effectiveness: up to
99.9% if taken and used correctly
c. Intrauterine Method (IUD) is small T-shaped objective that
is inserted into the uterus to help prevent pregnancy. For
some women, hormonal IUDs may prevent the egg from
leaving the ovary. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no
egg to join with sperm. Progestin also prevents pregnancy
by thickening a woman's cervical mucus. The mucus blocks
sperm and keeps it from joining with an egg.
i. Examples
include: copper IUD and hormonal IUD.
ii. Price:
$500- $900
iii.
Effectiveness: 99.9%

Culmination:

At the end of the lesson I will hold up different contraception methods

and ask the students to identify both name and type of method. Ask if
they have any questions, if so tell them write them in their notebook.
They will then email me with the questions or come see me during my
office hours, and I will make sure to answer it to the best of my ability.

Anticipated Problems:
A huge problem that could occur is major immaturity of the students,
throwing the condoms, flinging them, putting them on their fingers,
arms etc. The solution to this will be an introductory talk about being
mature and remind them they are young adults now, and that they
should be able to talk about this topic. If they cannot act like a
grownup they will be asked to leave class. Another possible problem
that may occur during this lesson may be that a student is too
grossed out to touch a certain type or all the contraception methods.
A solution for this would be to tell them they do not have to touch
them, especially if they are allergic to latex or lubrication (spermicide)
of condoms.
Evaluation:
I will be evaluating the students from the first activity (writing down
types of contraception methods) until the wrap up activity (reviewing
the contraceptive methods). This is most appropriately falls under the
classification of a process and impact level of evaluation. Throughout
this lesson, it will be very noticeable of who is becoming more mature
and also who is actually participating and paying attention. The impact
will be utilized by administering a quiz about the different types of
contraception methods. The content in this lesson will he included on
the final exam.

Background:
Grade: 11
Pregnancy and Childbirth
Topic: Pregnancy and Childbirth; symptoms, problems, and treatments
Lesson: 4 of 9
Introduction
Students at this stage in their life might think they know everything
there is to know about pregnancy and childbirth. This lesson will help
figure out if they do or not. It will also dispel many myths that the
students might have heard or read about. They will also be better
prepared to have a child one day and realize it is a difficult but an
unforgettable and rewarding experience. According to the Center for
Disease Control, there have been 2,642,892 vaginal deliveries since
July, and 1,284,339 cesarean deliveries. (CDC, 2015) This statistic
shows that it is okay to have a C-section, which could calm some girls
if one day they will have to decide to go with that method of delivery.
Goals:
1. Students will increase their knowledge about pregnancy and
childbirth.
2. Students will increase their knowledge about specific stages that
happen during childbirth.
3. Students will improve their understanding of problems that occur
during pregnancy.
Objectives:

1. At the conclusion of the lesson, the students will be able to

score at least
an 80% on a childbirth video worksheet.
2. At the conclusion of the lesson, the students will be able to
score an 80%
on a childbirth homework assignment about stages
of childbirth.
3. At the conclusion of the lesson, the student will be able to list
three correct
problems that occur during pregnancy, on a
homework assignment.
Initiation
I will have the students down some beliefs they know about pregnancy
on the board. We will then discuss some of the beliefs they have. This
will only be used to start discussion about the true facts of pregnancy
and childbirth.

Content Outline
Content
I. Initiation
a. Students knowledge
of pregnancy and
childbirth
II. Physical Symptoms
During Pregnancy
a. First Trimester (week
1- week 12)
b. Second Trimester
(week 13- week 28)
c. Third Trimester (week
29- week 40)

Method

Time

Materials

Class
activity

10min.

Dry erase markers

Lecture/
Visuals

8min.

PowerPoint

III. Health Problems

During Pregnancy,
Symptoms, and Treatment
a. Anemia
b. Depression
c. Ectopic pregnancy
d. Fetal problems
e. Gestational diabetes
f. High blood pressure
g. Miscarriage
h. Placenta previa
i. Placental abruption
j. Preeclampsia
IV. Childbirth
a. Major signs of labor
i. Mucous plug
ii. Water breaks
iii. Contractions
b. False Labor and True
Labor
c. Stages of True Labor
i. Early labor
ii. Active labor
iii. Transition labor
d. Oxytocin, Pitocin,
and epidural
e. Childbirth video and
worksheet

Lecture/
Visuals

17min.

PowerPoint

Video/
Article/
Workshee
t

25 min.

Childbirth video,
article, and
worksheet

Content Core:
I.

Initiation

I will the students to go up the board and write neatly and

clearly something they know, or think they know about
pregnancy or childbirth.
I will discuss some of the concepts on the board and let
them know that we will be clearing up some of the
misconceptions they have on some of the topics.

II.

Physical Symptoms during Pregnancy

a. During the first trimester (week 1-12), which is from week one
through week, twelve is going to be very difficult. This difficulty is
the sudden changes that will happen the body. Along with
physical changes there are many hormonal changes that occur
which can cause many of these symptoms. An important fact, is
that it is very evident that you are pregnant if you are having all
the following symptoms and if your period stops occurring. Below
are changes that may occur during pregnancy
- Extreme tiredness
- Tender, swollen breasts
- Mood swings
- Upset stomach
- Constipation
- Headache
- Heartburn
- Weight loss or gain
b. During the second trimester (week 13-28), most women are
usually getting used to all the uncomfortable and annoying
symptoms. It is very important that they are still eating small,
frequent meals, and also getting sleep. Some of the prior
symptoms may be lessening or even going away completely, but
you will experience new symptoms happening. These are caused
by the development of the baby and the stretching of the
stomach. Below are some specific symptoms that occur during
the second trimester.
- Body aches
- Stretch marks on the abdomen, breasts, thighs, and
buttocks
- Patches of dark skin, including darkening of the nipples
- Numbing of hand (carpal tunnel syndrome)
- Itching
- Edema (swelling) of the ankles, face, and fingers
- It is very important to note if there is any extreme swelling
or weight gain you should call a doctor immediately. This
could be a sign of preeclampsia.
- Preeclampsia is also known as toxemia, is it is a syndrome
occurring in a pregnant woman after her 20th week of
pregnancy that causes high blood pressure and problems
with the kidneys and other organs.

c. Third trimester (week 29- 40) is what many people call the
home stretch of pregnancy. Many of the symptoms that have

been occurring will continue. Some new additions to the endless

list of symptoms include
- Shortness of breath
- Heartburn
- Hemorrhoids
- Breasts leaking pre-milk called colostrum
- Trouble sleeping
- The baby moving or dropping in your abdomen
- Contractions, which are a definite sign of either real or
false labor, which will be discussed shortly.
III.
Health Problems during Pregnancy, Symptoms, and
Treatment
a. Anemia is when you have lower than normal levels of
healthy read blood cells.
i. Symptoms include: shortness of
breath, fatigue, and having a pale appearance.
ii. Treatments
include taking iron and folic acid supplements.
b. Depression is described as extreme sadness.
i. Symptoms include: appetite changes,
thoughts of harming
oneself or baby, and helplessness
and irritability.
ii. The most highly
recommended treatments include therapy,
medicine and support groups. It is important to add
that the
mothers depression is a two way sword;
affecting both the
mother and the baby.
c. Ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants outside
of the uterus.
i. Symptoms include: shoulder and abdominal
pain, vaginal
bleeding, and feeling dizzy.
ii. Drugs or surgery are the only
treatments for ectopic pregnancies.
d. Fetal problems are anything that involves the unborn baby
having a health issue.
i. Some causes of this include: the
baby is smaller than normal for gestational age, baby
moving less than normal, and unfortunately some
problems have no symptoms, but are found in prenatal
tests.
ii. The treatment depends on results of
tests. There are various
treatments ranging from bed
rest, to early delivery of the baby.
e. Gestational Diabetes is when the mother has too high of
blood sugar levels during the pregnancy.
i. Symptoms sometimes include,

extreme hunger, thirst, or

f.

g.

h.

i.

fatigue.
ii. A diet recommended
by the doctor is the most important
treatment.
High blood pressure usually starts after 20 weeks of
pregnancy and goes away after pregnancy.
i. Symptom: high blood
pressure.
ii. Treatment: mother
and baby are closely monitored to make sure the high
blood pressure is not preeclampsia, which will be
discussed shortly.
Miscarriage is the loss of the unborn baby from natural
causes before 20 weeks.
i. Symptoms include vaginal
spotting or bleeding, cramping or abdominal pain, and fluid
or tissue passing from the vagina.
ii.
Unfortunately, the only treatment is undergoing treatment
to remove the unborn baby. It is very important the
mother
sees counseling to help with emotional healing.
Placenta previa is when placenta covers a part or the entire
opening of the cervix inside of the uterus.
i. Symptoms include painless
vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester. In
some cases though, females show no symptoms.
ii. Treatments: if
diagnosed after twenty weeks, but there is no bleeding,
the woman must cut back on activity and increase
bed
rest. If there is heavy bleeding she must be hospitalized. If
the bleeding is stopped or is light, she will continue
bed rest
until she delivers the baby. If the bleeding does
not stop the
baby will be delivered by a cesarean
section (C-section).
-Cesarean
section is a procedure where the baby is
delivered through an abdominal incision.
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates itself
from the uterine wall before deliver, which can mean the
fetus doesnt get enough oxygen.
i. Symptoms include vaginal
bleeding and cramping, abdominal pain, and uterine
tenderness.
ii. Treatments: if
the separation of the placenta is minor than
she should
be put on bed rest for a couple days, or at least until the
bleeding stops. In some cases the woman might be on
complete bed rest. For sever cases, which mean
more than half
of the placenta is separated, the mother
must immediately
acquire medical attention and early
delivery of the baby.

j. Preeclampsia (toxemia) is a condition that starts after

twenty weeks of pregnancy that causes high blood
pressure. This also causes many problems with the kidneys
and other organs.
i. Symptoms
include swelling of hand and face, excess of
protein in
urine, stomach pain, dizziness, headaches, blurred
vision, and high blood pressure.
ii. Treatments: Sadly, there is only one
treatment, which is
delivery and may not be the best
for the baby. If the woman is near term and condition is
mild, labor will be induced. If it is too early to deliver the
baby, the doctor must watch the health of the mother
and the baby. Medicines and bed rest may be needed.
IV.

Childbirth

a. Major Signs of Labor

i. Mucous plug is known as the bloody
show. It is pink in
color and its a plug in cervix to
help protect the baby. It comes
out days to even weeks
before delivery.
ii. When the water breaks it means the amniotic sac
has broken
and you must go to the hospital immediately.
The baby is no
longer protected from bacteria and
other pathogens. The water
should be clear in color, if it
is brown or greenish, the baby had
a bowl movement
(meconium) and needs to be sucked out of
the
babys nasal passages before it can breath air.
iii. When the mother has contractions the uterus
contracts, it
opens up (dilates) and shortens
(effaces) the cervix. 100%
effacement and ten
centimeter of dilation is needed to properly
and safely
deliver the baby. The average time for first
time labor is fifteen hours.
b. False and True Labor
i. False labor is also known as practice labor,
the
contractions during this are not opening
the
cervix. They are not in a regular
pattern, do not
get closer together, nor
get stronger.
ii. True labor, the
contractions are opening the cervix.
The
contractions come more often, last longer, and are
regular and stronger.
c. Stages of True Labor
i. Early labor is when the cervix is dilated
zero to three
centimeters, contractions are five to

twenty minutes apart and

lasting twenty to thirty
seconds. This labor lasts about seven to eight hours; this
stage is not too painful and is actually
somewhat
relaxed.
ii.
Active labor is when the cervix is dilated three to seven
centimeters; contractions are three to five minutes
apart and last sixty seconds. This stage lasts about three
to five hours and is very emotional for the mother.
iii. Transition labor is when
the cervix is dilated seven to ten
centimeters; the
contractions come every minute and last s
seventy to
ninety seconds. This stage lasts about two to five
hours
and most women are very exhausted and feel desperate.
Some women may even feel nauseous and may
vomit. It is important do not push before ten centimeter
dilation or the
cervix may tear.
d. Oxytocin, Pitocin, and Epidural
i. Oxytocin is the hormone produced by
the mother; it causes contractions strong enough to
expel the baby.
ii. Pitocin is a drug
given to make the contractions more
intense, closer
together, and more painful; given youre not
dilating
enough.
iii.
Epidural is a regional anesthetic that numbs the mother
from the waist down and is administered as a shot in
the back.
e. Childbirth Video and Worksheet
I will give the worksheet out to the
students and start the childbirth video. They may work on
this during the video.

Culmination:
At the end of the lesson we will go over the childbirth worksheet and
talk about the answers. I will write some key terms we have covered in
the notes and ask students to work as pairs to fill in the definition.

Anticipated Problems:
A huge problem that could occur is that students may be too grossed
out to watch the video. If this occurs, they do not have to watch the
video but must do and extra assignment.

Evaluation:
I will be evaluating the students from the first activity (writing down
what they know about pregnancy and childbirth) until the wrap up
activity (reviewing the childbirth worksheet and going over key terms).
This evaluation method most appropriately falls under the classification
of a process and impact level of evaluation. The content in this lesson
will he included on the final exam.

Background:
Grade: 11
Menstrual Cycle
Topic: Phases and difficulties

Lesson: 3 of 9
Introduction
The menstrual cycle is very important to know about, especially for
females. Female students may have a broad understanding of the
changes that are happening but do not know the details. This unit will
help increase that understanding and clear up myths about the
menstrual cycle and all that it encompasses. According to the only
recent statistical data, from a survey produced by fertilityfriend.com,
We found that 11.28% of the sample's charts had a cycle length of
exactly 28 days and 16% had a cycle length of 35 days or more.
(Fertility friend, 2014) This statistic shows that just because we are
taught a certain amount of time for a regular cycle, it does not mean
every girls cycle lasts that long. This could help any girl with their
insecurities, or thinking something is very wrong with them.

Goals:
1. Students will increase their knowledge of the menstrual cycle.
2. Students will develop an understanding of the phases of the
menstrual
cycle.
3. Students will increase their knowledge of menstrual
difficulties.
Objectives:
1. At the conclusion of the lesson, the student will be able to
score at least a
70% on a knowledge assessment pertaining
to the menstrual cycle, on a
homework assignment.
2. At the conclusion of the lesson, the student will be able to
score at least an
80% on a menstrual cycle quiz.
3. At the conclusion of the lesson, the student will be able to
identify three
different difficulties that occur during the
menstrual cycle, during an in
class assignment.

Initiation
I will have the students down some beliefs they know about pregnancy
on the board. We will then discuss some of the beliefs they have. This
will only be used to start discussion about the true facts of pregnancy
and childbirth.

Content Outline
Content
I. Initiation
a. Students knowledge
of the menstrual cycle
II. Menstrual Phase
a. Endometrium
b. Menstrual blood
c. Cramps
d. Premenstrual
symptoms
III. Follicular Phase
a. Egg follicle and
Ovary
b. Ovulation
i. fertile window
IV. Secretory Luteal Phase
a. Egg follicle activity
b. Mittelshmerz
c. Fertilized or
unfertilized
V. Menstrual Difficulties
a. Amenorrhea
b. Dysmenorrhea
c. Abnormal uterine
bleeding
d. Premenstrual
Syndrome

Method

Time

Materials

Class
activity

10 min.

Dry erase markers

Lecture/
Visuals

10 min.

PowerPoint

Lecture/
Visuals

10 min.

PowerPoint

Lecture
Visuals

10 min.

PowerPoint

Lecture/
Visuals

10 min.

PowerPoint

Content Core:
I.

Initiation

I will the students to go up the board and write neatly and

clearly something they know, or think they know about the
menstrual cycle.
I will discuss some of the concepts on the board and let
them know that we will be clearing up some of the
misconceptions they have on some of the topics.

II.

Menstrual Phase (days1 1-5)

a. Endometrium is the mucous membrane that lines the
inside of the uterus (womb). During the first day of the
cycle the endometrium starts to shed.
b. This is what we know as menstrual bleeding from the
vagina, this can last up to four to six days.
c. Cramps will start occurring around day three; most of the
cramps will be in your pelvis, legs, and back. The cramping
is the uterus contracting, trying to help the endometrium
shed.
d. Premenstrual symptoms will go away during these first few
days of the cycle. We will discuss premenstrual syndrome
later on.

III.

Follicular Phase (days 5-14)

a. During this phase an egg follicle on an ovary get ready to
release an egg. The process can be short or long and plays
the biggest role in how long the cycle is. The uterus starts
growing a new endometrium to prepare the body for
pregnancy.
b. The last five day plus ovulation day is considered the fertile
window. This is the probable time you will pregnant if you
are having sex without using any form of birth control.

IV.

Luteal Phase (days 14-28)

a. This phase starts on ovulation day and the egg is released
from the egg follicle on the ovary. This can happen any day
starting on the seventh day to the twenty-second day of a
normal menstrual cycle.
b. Mittelshmerz happens during ovulation, and is when
woman have a day or less of red spotting or lower pelvic
pain.
c. At this point, if the egg is fertilized by sperm then it
attaches to the endometrium, which officially begins
pregnancy.
d. If the egg is not fertilized or does not implant, the
endometrium starts to break down again, restarting the
menstrual cycle.

V.

Menstrual Difficulties
a. Amenorrhea is the lack of a menstrual period. Some causes
of this can include, eating disorders, stress, excessive
exercising, and extreme weight loss.
b. Dysmenorrhea is having painful periods, including severe
cramps. It is important note that this does not mean a girl

has a serious disease, even though the pain can be very

severe. You can use a heating pad or take a warm bath to
ease cramps; or over-the-counter drugs helps mitigate the
pain.
c. Abnormal uterine bleeding is characterized, as any vaginal
bleeding that is different from normal menstrual periods.
This includes bleeding anytime in the menstrual cycle,
bleeding between periods, and bleeding heavier or for
more days than normal.
d. Premenstrual syndrome is a group of symptoms that are
linked to the menstrual cycle. This can occur one to two
weeks before your period. Some causes of this include, low
levels of vitamins and minerals, eating lots of salty foods,
which causes you to retain fluid, and drinking alcohol and
caffeine, which alters your energy level and mood.

Culmination:
At the end of the lesson I will split the students up into three different
groups. I will then write the three different phases on the board and
underline the title of each phase. Then each group must add as much
information underneath the three different phases.

Anticipated Problems:
Students may get grossed out during this lesson, but it is very
important to reassure the students they will not have to see any
pictures of the inside of the female during the menstrual cycle.
Evaluation:

I will be evaluating the students from the first activity (writing down
what they know the menstrual cycle) until the wrap up activity
(reviewing the menstrual cycle and its phases) This evaluation method
most appropriately falls under the classification of a process and
impact level of evaluation. The content in this lesson will he included
on the final exam.