NAMIE: cuemusrry CHEMICAL BONDs REVIEW SHEETS RAND HL 1, A chemical bond zesults when two nucle havea | 7. Which bond has the fast oni career? simultaneous aration for D KBr 3) MgO 1) mucleons 3) neutrons 2 HF ) BrCl 2) protons 4) electons 8, Which atom hus the leas atration forthe 2 Whats conserved during chemical reaction?” | electoas ina bond between tat stonn and an 1) mass, only stom of hydrogen? 2) charge, only 1) carbon 3) oxygen 3) boti mass and charge 2) sitogen 4) fucrine 4) neither mass nor charge 3. Given the balanced equation representing @ reaction: Ch(e) > C1) + cu) What occurs during this change? 1) Bnergy is absorbed and a bond is broken. 2) Energy is absorbed and a bond is formed, 3) Bnergy is released and a bond is broken, 4) Bnergy is released and a bond is formed, 4. As a chemical bond forms between two Inydrogen atoms in a system, energy is released and the stability of the systera 1) decreases 3) remains the same 2) increases 5. A barium atom attains a stable electron configuration when it bonds with 1) one chorine atom 3) one sodium atom 2) two chlorine atoms 4) two sodium atoms 6. Which symbol represents a particle that has the same total numberof electrons as S? Do 3) Se 2 Si 4) ar 9. Which compound contains a bond with the lest ionic character? 0 co 3) K,0 2) C20 4) Lio 10, Which atom will form the most polse bond with the greatest degree of ini bonding when bonding with sodiuea? DF 31 aa 4) Br 11. Which type of bond is formed when electons ‘are transferred from one atom fo another? 1) covalent 3) hydrogen 2) ionic 4) metalic 12. The bond between which two elements isthe east ionic in chevacter? 1) MF 2) HL 2 HI 4) HO 1. As sodium reacts with fuotine to form the ‘compound NaF, each sodium stom wil 1) gain telectron 3) lose I electron 2) gain 2electrons 4) lose 2 electrons 14, Which element would most likely form an ionic ‘bond with chlorine? no aN as Qk16. 17 20. 21 CHEMISTRY ‘Which sample contains particles in igi, fixed, goometrie pattem? 1) COx6q) 3) #00 2) HCG) 4) KCK) Which formula represents an ionie compound? » Ka 3) CO, 2) Hel 4) NO, A substance that has melting point of 1074 K, conducts electricity when dissolved in water, but does not conduct electricity in the solid phase. ‘The substance is most likely 1) anionic solid 3) a metalic solid 2) anetwork solid 4) a molecular solid ‘A crystalline solid has @ high melting point and is a good conductor of electricity in the liquid state, Ths solid could be 1) co, 3) CHO, 2) Hg 9 Ka Maltple covalent bonds exist in a molecule of DR 3) Br, DN oi ‘The bonding in NH, is mos similar to the bonding in 1) Ho 2) NaCl 3) Mgo 4) KE ‘Asa bond between @ hydrogen afom and a sulfur atom is formed, electrons are 1) shared to form an ionic bond 2) shared to form a covalent bond 3) ‘transferred to form an ionie bond 4) transferred to form a covalent bond 2, 23 eo 2s. 26. 27, ‘Which formula represents a substance that 7 contains covalent bonds? Lic 3) KO 2) Cac, 4) C0, ‘Which formula represents « molecular substance? 1) C20 3) Lio 2) co 4) ALO, ‘Whats the maximum numberof covalent bonds that a eatbon atom can form? pt 33 2n2 g4 Which statement correctly describes diamond and graphite, which ate different forms of solid carbon? 1) They differ in their molecular strustureonly. 2) They differ in their properties, only. 53) They differ in their molecular structure and propertis. 4) They do not differ in their molecular structure or propertis. ‘Which terms describe a substance that has a low ‘melting point und poor electrical conductivity? 1) covalent and metallic 2) covalent and molecular 3) ionic and molecular 4) onic and metallic ‘Which ype of bond is formed when an ammonia saolecule accepts. a proton? 1) fonie 3) coordinate covalent 2) electrovalent 4) metalliecoe 28, Which electron-dot diagram represents a species ‘which contains « coordinate covalent bond? 29. Which substance can form a coordinate covalent ‘bond with hydrogen fon? DR, 3) NH, 2) He 4) CH, Which property best accounts forthe conductivity of metals? 1) the relatively high first ionization energy 2) the malleability of most metals 3) the free electrons inthe valence energy levels 4) the filled inner electron energy levels 30, 31. Conductivity ina metal results from the metal atoms having 1) high elestoncgativity 2) high ionization encrey 3) highly mobile protons in the nucleus 4) highly motile electrons in the valence shell 532. The ability to conduct electicity inthe solid state is 2 characteristic of metallic bonding. This ‘characteristic is best explained by the presence of| 1) high ionization energies 2) high electonegatvites 3) mobile electrons 4) mobile protons ISTRY 533. A diamond erystl differs ffom an ice crystal in that a diamond crystal 1) crushes easily 2) conducts electricity 53) contains no discrete particles 4) melts at temperature below O*C 34. Which compound is a network solid at STP? D CO, 3) sic 2) 0 4) NaH 35. Two atoins of clement 4 unite to form a ‘molecule with the formula 4,. The bond ‘between the atoms inthe molecule is 1) electrovalent 3) nonpolar covalent 2) ionic 4) polar covalent 36. What type of bonding is found in the molecale HBr? 1) ionic 2) metalic 3) nonpolar covalent 4) polar covalent Base your answers to questions 37 and 38 on your knowledge of chemical bording and on the Lewis Jelectron-dot diagrams of H,S, CO,, and F, below, 37. Explain, in terms of electonegativty, wity a (C-O bond in CO, is more polar than the FF bond in F,, 38, Explain, in terms of structure andar distribution ‘of charge, why CO, is a nonpolar molecule39, 40. at 2 (CHEMISTRY Which eleetron-dot diagram represents a ‘molecule that has a polar covalent bond? ‘Which ofthese formulas contains the most polar 3) HP 4) HA ‘When two atoms form a chemical bond by sharing electrons, the resulting molecule willbe 1) polar, only 2) nonpolar, only 3) either polar or nonpolar 4) neither polar nor nonpolar ‘The four single bonds of carbon atom in CH are directed toward the comers of a 1) square 3) rectangle 2) tetrahedron 4) parallelogram 43, Which two compounds contain only polar bonds? 1) CCl, and CH, 2) HCl and Cl, 3) HClend NH, 4) COmi 0, 44. Molecules in a sample of NH are held closely together by intermolecular forces 1) existing between ions 2) exiting between electrons 3) caused by different numbers of neutons 4) caused by unequal charge distibution 45, Base your answer tothe fllowing question on the information below. ach moteeule listed below is formed by sharing electrons between atoms when the atoms ‘within the molecule ere bonded together. Molecule A: Cl, Molecule B: CCl, ‘Molecule C: NH, Explain why CCl is classified as a nonpolar ioe(CHEMISTRY 46, An unknown sold was tested and showed the properties listed below: Properties ow melting point neatly insoluble in water non-conductor of electricity relatively soft solid 4) State the type of bonding you would expect ofthis substance. ) Explain why this substance is insoluble in water. (©) Explain why itis sof 47, Base your answer to the following question on the information below ‘An unsaturated solution is made by ‘completely dissolving 20.0 grams of NaNO, in 100.0 grams of water at 200°C. Show a correct numerical setup for calculating the number of moles of NaNO, (gram-formula ‘mass = 85.0 grams per mole) used to make this “saturated solution,CHEMISTRY Base your answers to questions 48 and 49 on the information below. ‘The particle diagrams below represent the reaction between two nonmetal, 4; and Qy Key '@ = Aiom of element a (© = Atom of element 0} © 3 |_| € Reactants Product 48. Compare the total mass ofthe reactants to the fotal mass of he product, 49. Identify the type of chemical bond between an atom of element 4 and an atom of element Q. 50. Explain, in terms of electronegativity, why a PCL bond in a molecule of PCl, is moze polar than a P-S bond in a molecule ofP,S,,20, 21 22, a, (CHEMISTRY “Answer Key [New Exar] a1 a 1 333 2 34 a 35, 3 36, 4 37. Responses include, but are not limited to: The clectronepatvity difference in a earbon-oxygen 4 bond is greater than the electronegativity difference ina fhuotine-fuorine bond + The EN difference for Cand O is 0.9 and the EN difference for F and Fis 0. 38. Responses include, bu are not limited te: CO zis mmetrical + CO,has an even distribution of charge + CO, is linear with O at esch end 2 3 a 40. 3 2 4 a 4 2a 2 4B 344, 45, 46. a. 48, 49, 50, (CHEMISTRY “Answer Key [New Exam] 4 Examples: ~ The molecule is symmetrical in shape andor charge. = Blectrons are evenly distributed, ~ All polar covalent dipoles cancel —no dipole moments = no dipoles 4) covalent b) The substance must not have any polarity since polar molecales or joni substances ‘would dissolve in polar water. ¢) Itmust be @ molecular substance with very lite attraction between it's molecules. ‘These weak atraetions makes the molecules easy to move apart and thus are sol 20.00% at » * B Examples: —The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of product. —Mess of reactants equals ‘ass of product —Mass is conserved, Bxamples: — polar covalent — covalent ‘AP-Cl bond is more polar than a P-S bond because the lectronegativity difference for P-Clis 1.0 and the electronegativty difference for P-S is 0.4,