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1
Rpublique Algrienne Dmocratique et Populaire
Ministre de lenseignement suprieur

et de la recherche scientifique
Universit de Boumerds
Facult des Sciences Economiques,

Commerciales et des Sciences de Gestion

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:
Social Security
Social Assistance
Social Protection
Occupational Disease
Provident funds
. Social Insurance
Social Insurance
Social Security
1 IMF, Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM), Chapter 2, Social Protection, 2001, P18.
30
2 :
2.1 Social Security :
Social Security 1931
" "Security
" "Se-cure " "Se " " cure

" "Security

. 1
1984 Social
Security "

.2
112 1912 :
Old-age
Death
Sickness
1
Japanese Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare Annual Reports on Health and Welfare 1998-1999 Social
Security and National Life , 1999 http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/wp/wp-hw/vol1/p1c1s1.html le 15/12/2010.
2
Hector Inductivo , Social Insurance : Theoretical Background, Asian Development Bank Institute , Seminar on
Social Protection for the Poor in Asia and Latin America Manila, Philippines, 21 25 October 2000 , P.3.
3
Ibid, p.4.
4
ILO, Introduction to Social Security, ILO, Genve, 1984, p.177 .
31
Medical Care
Unemployment
( Disability )
Maternity
Family
.Employment Injury

:
1.1 :
2.1.1 :

Minimum
2Standard Principle
:
Social Assistance Scheme
.Means-Tested Benefits
. Flat-Rate Basis
Hector Inductive, Op.Cit, PP 6 -14.
()
24-21 1111 .21
Martin Feldstein, Rethinking Social Insurance, NBER Working Paper No. 11250, April, 2005, p.3.
www.nber.org/feldstein/aeajan8.pd le 13-12-2009.
32
Social Protection Scheme :
( ) (
).
"
"
1.9.9 :

Compensation Principle
. Employer Liability Scheme
.21
33

(.1 ).
Provident funds Scheme :
Lump-
Sum
.
3.9.9 Social Insurance :

()FMI
( )OECD .
Hector Inductive, Op.Cit, P.7.

Ibid, P 8.
1
2
34
"
".
.
3 :
Contributions
( )
Pension
: .

.1
System of National Accounts, 2003, P. 43. http://www.oecd.org le 05/05/2007

Hector Inductive, Op.Cit, P 4.
3
System of National Accounts, Op.Cit. 2003, P. 43
2
35
.2 :

:
2.2

.2
Reserve
FF
. 3

.
1.2 :

James Banks and Carl Emmerson, Public and Private Pension Spending: Principles, Practice and the Need for
Reform, Fiscal Studies, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2000, pp. 1-3.
2
2998 411-449 . 77
3

24-21 1111 .2
36
PAYG

( )

.3
3.2 Partially Funded System

FF
11 11 21

.
5
.1 :

.
James Banks and Carl Emerson, Op.Cit, p 16.
Hector Inductivo, Op.Cit, p. 37.
3
.4-3
.4
Hector Inductive, Op.Cit, p. 39.
1
2
37
. 1
Pension " "
. 2
2.1 Defined Benefit :
"
" .
( )
1.1 Defined Contribution :

Money
5Purchase Pension
System of National Accounts, Op.Cit, P. 43.

John Pitzer, the Definition of a Social Insurance Scheme and its Classification as Defined Benefit or Defined
Contribution, June 30, 2003.http:/ www.imf.org/external le 05/05/2007.
System of National Accounts, Op. Cit, P.43.
4
.71
.72
1
2
38
: .

1881
" " 1811
1814
1111

1118
1111
1
1111 .272
39
1112

1115 .
1147 .
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1111 1
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1115
.
: 1152

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3 :2944 / 11 / 21
1
.182
41
:

.
(
William. Beveridge
) :
1942
:

.
4 :
1948 / 12 / 11 22
" ".
21 "

.
1 :
: .
Economic
Security "
.21
42
" .1

.2
"
"
1142
( )OLG
Mulligan Martin
.
: .

ILO , Definitions: What we mean when we say "economic security", Socio-Economic Security Programme,
http://www.ilo.org , date de control le 05/05/2008.
2
os A. Herce, Economic Security. Who Should Provide It?, Paper prepared for the Conference on Markets and
Civil Society in Europe, European Civil Society Network - CiSoNet Madrid, Spain September 23-25 ,2004 .
43
1881 1142
.
1 :Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck.3 1881
Insurance Concept

4 .
Earning-Related
J Ignacio, Conde-Ruiz and Paola Profeta , What Social Security: Beveridgean or Bismarckian?, The Pension
Institute ,Birkbeck College, University of London, September, 2003 .
2
J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz and Paola Profeta , The Redistributive Design of Social Security Systems , CeRP Annual
Conference, Moncalieri June 25 , 2004, P 6.
3
J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz and Paola Profeta, Op.Cit, p 07.
4
Frank A.G. den Butter and Udo Kock , Social Security, Economic Growth and Poverty Theoretical
considerations and guidelines for institutional arrangements, Series research memoranda 2001-2112 , January
, 2001 ,P. 3 .
5
Martin Werding, After Another Decade of Reform: Do Pension Systems in Europe Converge?, Institute for
Economic Research ,CESifo DICE Report , 2003, P. 11 . http://www.cesifo-group.de le 12/10/2008.
6
Helmuth Cremer and Pierre Pestieau, Social insurance competition between Bismarck and Beveridge, 2003,
P2.
44
Premium
2 :Beveridge

Five Giant Evils .
Lord William Henry Beveridge
1142

1115
Redistribution Concept

Flat-Rate
.General Tax Revenues
Earning-Related
Flat-Rate .
William Beveridge , Social and Allied Services (The Beveridge Report), Modern History Sourcebook
November,1942.
2
Martin Werding, Op.Cit, P 12 .
45
Social Security

1
Social Insurance . Social Security
: verlapping Generations Model (OLG) :

2
.Intertemporal Analysis
4

Maurice Felix Charles Allais 1147
Paul A. Samuelson 1158
Peter A. Diamond 1165
( )OLG
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia , Social security, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_security le 05/05/2007.

Jean Hindriks, Gareth D.Myles, Intermediate Public Economics, Part VIII, Issues of Time, Intertemporal
Efficiency, Chapter 21, 2004, P 503 .
3
Ibid , P521.
4
Maurice Felix Charles Allais ,http://www.economyprofessor.com, le 05/05/2008.
5
Allan Drazen, The Overlapping Generation Model with Capital Accumulation and National Debt , Lecture
Notes , 2004 . www.econ.umd.edu/~rasteletti/ macro/Drazen/lectures/olg_2005.pdf le 05/05/2009.
2
46
1 ): (OLG
( )Generations
( )Finite Period ) (Perpetual Society
( )Infinite Period ( )t ( )Y
( )O
( )Y,O
(. )OLG
.1 :

1:
PAYG
()B
( )R ( )T ( )E BR=TE
( )n B= [1+n]T

FF
( )r
( )r B = [1+r] :
PAYG
FF
.
.3 :
Jean Hindriks, Gareth D.Myles, Op.Cit, P 523.
47
( )OLG
.

( )
1 :
) )Y ( )W ( )O
( Y )O
( )t :
)(1
)U( Cy , Co+1) = u(Cy) + U(Co+1
( )Cy ( )Co+1 ( )<

( )
:2
o
)(2
Cy + C +1
=W -+ B
A
1+r +1
1+r +1
( )A ( )C
( )B
PAYG FF
()B
(.)
Toke Aidt, Ann Berry and Hamish Low, Public Pensions, University of Cambridge, April, 2003 , PP 6-13 .
www.econ.cam.ac.uk/
Ibid, p 16.
48
:
)(3
y
u
(C
)
C +
)=(1+ 1+ r +1
o
)u (C +1
y
( ) :

1+ r +1 .
) (3

.
PAYG
FF :
FF
t L

t+1 Ks+1=L )1+ r +1( Ks+1
t
)(4
B =(1+ r +1)
FF PAYG

t L
t+1 L+1
L=L+1 :
B =(1+ n )
)(5
49
) (4) (5 PAYG
FF PAYG
t
) (5
( )n . FF
)OLG( 1

.
:
166

Sala-i - Martin Mulligan
Mulligan Sala-i-Martin
Bommier, A., Lee, R., Overlapping generations models with realistic demography:Statics and dynamics, UC
Berkeley working paper, 2002.
50
. 1 : Efficiency Theories
.
1.1 : Welfare for the Elderly

1 .
1115
Mulligan Sala-i-Martin Mirrlees 1971

.

Mirrlees Mirrlees Problem as
" 2"Optimal Redistribution :
)max W(Go) + (1-) (1-) W(Gy

Go . Gy
) (Gy ) (Go

( ) ) (1- .
Mulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Social Security in Theory and Practice(II): Efficiency Theories,
Narrative Theories, and Implications for Reform, NBER Working Paper 7119, May, c, 1999, P 4 .
2
Ibid, PP 5-10.
51
( )
=1/2
( )Gy=Go
>1/2
1.2 : Induced Retirement Enhances Efficiency

) (GDP
.
Sala-i-Martin :
) Lucas (1988
( (PMPL
.(SMPL( 1
) Kotlikoff & Gokhale(1992

41 11
3/1 . 2
Lucas

ulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin , Op.Cit PP 10/14.
Sala-i-Martin, Xavier , A Positive Theory of Social Security, Journal of Economic Growth., June, 1996 , P. 6 .
http://www.columbia.edu/~xs23/papers/pdfs/pensions.pdf
1
2
52
) (GDP
3.2 : Solution to the Prodigal Father Problem
2:
3:
4 : .

.5
:
11-3 2111 .4
2 .31
3
4
.29
.11
5
11-3 2111 .11
53
( ) " :
" ( ).
2.3.2 : Myopic Prodigality
) Diamond(1977
.
1.9.9 Rational Prodigality
2111 .18
Mulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Op .Cit, PP 18-20.
54
bailed out

.
4.9 Keynesian Model :
Martin Feldstein
"
" 1931 :1
1.2 :

Martin Feldstein , Would Privatizing Social Security Raise economic Welfare?", in Privatizing Social
Security, Chicago: Chicago University Press ,1998 p73.
2
jeffrey R. brown , How should we insure longevity risk in pensions and social security?, Center for Retirement
research at boston college august number 4, 2000, p5.
55
Adverse Selection
.
Hamermesh 1981
Adverse Selection
2
.

.
7.2 :
Diamond

Economies of Scale .
7.2 :
( )
) (Pogue and Sgontz 1977) )Becker and Murphy 1988
Mulligan Martin ( )OLG .3

.1 :
Amy Finkelstein , Minimum Sstandards, Insurance Regulation and Adverse Selection: Evidence from the
Medigap Market .NBER Working Paper No. 8917 January,2004 .
2
Hamermesh, Daniel S, Social Security as Longevity Insurance, Conference on Economic Development and
Social Welfare in Taiwan. January, 1987 .
3
Mulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Op.Cit P. 24.
56
2.1 :

. 2

:
2.2.1 :

Tabellini 1991
Tabellini
()

Mulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Political and Efficiency Theories of Social Security, May,1999.
Ibid, P 7.
1
2

1998.11
Tabellini Guido, A Positive Theory of Social Security, NBER Working Paper No. 3272 ,February ,1990, P. 1.
57

.
1.2.1
Browning 1911
( )OLG

.1
1.1 :
Becker and Mulligan
1998 :
( ) :
Mulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin. , Op.Cit, P 9.
58
.1
.3 Narrative Theories :

Mulligan Sala-i-Marti
2.3 Chain Letter :

Friedman 1972, Romer 1994
Ponzi
Ponzi :
r>0
T>0
Becker, Gary S. and Casey B. Mulligan, Deadweight Costs and the Size of Government NBER Working
paper 6789, November,1998, P. 8.
2
Mulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin , Op.Cit, P. 26.
3
Ibid, P. 27.
59
T
( )rT

( )rss r rss >r

.Ponzi
Ponzi
1.3 :

Mulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin , Op.Cit , P. 28.
60
Mulligan & Sala-i-Martin
.
3.3 :
: .

.
:
: .

.
Mulligan, Casey B. , Xavier Sala-i-Martin , Op.Cit , P. 29.
61
.2 :

1:
2.2 :
.
1.2 :

-
-
:
Diversification
Yield

.3
Liquidity
.4

:
19-11 2111 .8
Oladipo O. Oyenola , Investment Risk: Considerations for Pension Fund, Master of Science in Actuarial
Science, Department of Actuarial Science and Statistics, Cass Business School, City University, London,
2003, P.27.
3

2991-2981 1991.141
.144
Edward Tamagno , The investment of social security funds: New approaches Principles and considerations.
International Social Security Association. Fourteenth African Regional Conference Tunis, Tunisia, 25-28
June , 2002, P.3.
62
.1
Independence from Political

.

.
P. Plamondon and D. Osborne , Social security financing and investments in the Caribbean, Issues in Social
Protection, Discussion paper 9, Report of the Caribbean Sub-Regional Tripartite Meeting on Social Security,
Financing and Investment Policies for Pension Funds, Bridgetown, Barbados, 24-25 October,2001, P. 38 .
2
Edward Tamagno, Op.Cit, P.6.
63

.
.3 :Accountability to Insured Persons :

.4 :
Sound Governance
"
"

.
.1
Low Operating Costs
P. Plamondon and D. Osborne, Op.Cit, P.40.
Gregorio Impavido, Hess, David , Op.Cit ,P50 .

Jeffrey Carmichael , A Framework for Public Pension Fund Management, Public Pension Fund Management
Conference ,World Bank, Washington,2003,P7 .
2
3
64

.
.7
Prudence in Investment

.
: .

.2 :

()

.
.1 :
DB

.

:
Association of Public Pension Fund Auditors (APPFA ) , chief investment officers (CIOs) , Public Pension
Systems Statements of Key Investment Risks and Common Practices to Address Those Risks, 2000, P.4 .
2
Ibid ,P.8 .
65
Actuarial Review
Assets/liabilities
Assets allocation models

.

.1
:
.3 :
:
: Market Risks

:
-
Internal Control - Integrated Framework, Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(COSO), American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Harborside, NJ, 1994, p. 23 .
Brizendine, Virginia S., Public Pension Plan Operations and Administration, Government Finance Officers
Association, Chicago, 1992, p. 59.
66

.
.4 :

:
1.4
Tactical Failure

:

.

.
1.4
Operational Failure

.

:
Risk Standards for Institutional Investment Managers and Institutional Investors, Risk Standards Working Group,
1996.
67
*
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88
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1994 " "

World Bank , Facing a Pension Crunch, 24 May,2005, p33.

World Bank, Averting the Old Age Crisis, A World Bank Policy Research Report, Oxford UP, Washington,1994.
1
2
89
. 1
: .

11

Pensions Reform
.
1981
Social
Responsibility Individual Responsibility
World Bank , Old-Age Income Support in the Twenty First Century: An International Perspective on
Pensions and Reform, 2005 www.worldbank.org/pensions
World Bank , Country Conundrum: To Reform or Not to Reform? January 27, 2005 .
World Bank , Pension Reform in Latin America, January 27, 2005.

(4) Augusto Iglesias P. , Pension Reform. The International Experience, PrimAmerica Consultores Presented
at the Conference Pension reform and its impact ton the stock market, organized by Bison & Rose and
Prague Stock Exchange. Prague, March 30, 2006 , P6.
90
.
.
.
.
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".
:

:
.1 :Substitutive Reforms
( )PAYG
. Private Individual Accounts
3.
John Turner , Social Security Privatization Around the World , The AARP Public Policy Institute, Policy
and Strategy Group at AARP,2005, P. 3 .
Dean Baker and Debayani Kar , Defined Contributions from Workers ,Guaranteed Benefits for Bankers:The
World Banks Approach to Social Security Reform , Center for Economic and Policy Research. (cepr) 2002
,P.3 .
Mitchell A. Orenstein , The New Pension Reform as Global Policy, Global Social Policy ,2005, P 19.
www. gsp.sagepub.com
91
.1 : Mixed Reforms

.3 :Parallel Reforms

.9 :

Ibid ,P. 20.
Ibid ,P. 19 .
1
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http://islam.gov.kw/site/books_lib/open.php?cat=2&book=9
www.aaoifi.com/ARABIC 2111 .2

www.aaoifi.com/ARABIC
www.ifsb.org )IFSB( .3
2119 www.aawsat.com .4
. 2111-2118
www.badlah.com .1
www.almasrifiah.com : .1
www.almasrifiah.com
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( )11 1421 / 4 / 21 1999 / 8 / 11
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: www.ens.dz .2111-12-11
REPARTITION PAR AVANTAGE DU NOMBRE DE BENEFICIAIRES
D'UNE PENSION OU ALLOCATION DE RETRAITE
AU 31/07/2010
Dsignation
Au 31/07/2010
Pension de retraite
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2111-2117
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13.2
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: 2111
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236
.
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2006
2005
41
34
11
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11
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319
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42
91
91
83
2298
1811
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2841
2189
1239
: 2111.13
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: 2111.11
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1.3
1.4
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4.4
1.3
1.1
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: 2111 .21
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9
19
24
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1.1
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28

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21
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28
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18
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1121
1119
1118
1117
1117
11
8
9
11
8

11
-1
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11

1119
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: 2111.11
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212
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112
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311
281
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: 2111.11

2118
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2009
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9148
239
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1.112
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11
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11
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11.3
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11
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11
11
199
21
11.11
11
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2.299
1.11
23
11
11
1.813
4.1
22
11
11
1.224
11.1
14.1
11
11
1.421
3.8
24.28
11
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1.212
11.8
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11
114
21.1
11.11
11
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11
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11
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11
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11.3
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11
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2.311
11
11
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1.241
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11
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111
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3.4
11
11
11
2.234
1.3
11
11
11
12.111
32.4
24.29
11
11
4.111
GDP
240
11.9
11
11
11
181
118.3
11
11
11
1.128
11.3
11
11
1.211
12.9
29.1
11
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1.192
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13
13
11.111
1.8
11
11
11
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11
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11
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41
21
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41.311
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11
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114.4
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11
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31.813
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31.11
18
18
1.111
232.1
19.24
11
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2.241
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241
11.1
31
11
11
11.211
1.3
1.32
11
12
21.112
121
21.894
11
11
38.411
1.1
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11
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33
13
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918
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11
11
11
21.811
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11
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11
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11.31
11
11
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11.2
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11
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11
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11
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11
11
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14
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11
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3.191
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11
11
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11
11
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11
11
11.391
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12
12
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243
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19.13
13
13
1.831
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11
11
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11
11
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11
11
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11.1
44
11
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11
11
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1.11
22.8
11
11
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11.1
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11
11
31.313
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12
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11
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11
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11
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11
11
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11
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11.9
23.8
11
11
31.131
: 2111 -23
.31
245
- -
( )

.
()
(
246
Mots-cls.
L'assurance commerciale, assurance sociale, takaful, Assurance islamique de
coopration, l'conomie islamique, les abonnements, l'investissement, la Zakat, les
dangers et les catastrophes, la protection sociale, assistance sociale, l'activit
sociale de l'Etat, caisses de scurit sociale en Algrie, recouvrements et
prestations , retraite, chmage, accidents du travail, les congs de maternit.
En Franais
La scne nationale et internationale connat une croissance acclre en matire dindustrie
assurantielle dans diffrents domaines, en raison du grand besoin affich par la socit pour
accder aux soins mdicaux ou effectuer des rparations suite la survenance dincidents ou
de catastrophes dont lhomme est victime, lequel sort est dict par la volont divine, notamment
de nos jours marqus par de multiples risques, de modes de vies de plus en plus complexes et
de liens en brouille entre les individus de la socit voire mme entre les membres dune mme
famille. Ainsi, les socits dassurance se sont fait un march prospre pour prsenter leurs
produits, et lassurance commerciale prvoit dans ses clauses que lassur verse une tranche
constante et priodique au compte de la socit dassurance qui sengage rparer les
dommages de lincident. Indemniser lassur est un acte illusoire (gharar) exorbitant, car le
paiement de cette somme dargent en contre partie dun risque ignor qui pourrait se produire
comme il ne le pourrait pas, ce quest lacte illusoire (gharar), faisant lobjet davis mis par
plusieurs contemporains et des dcisions arrtes par des acadmies del Fiqh et dinstances
juridico- religieuses.
Nous -dans un contexte marqu par la multiplication des socits dassurance commerciale
but lucratif- nous trouvons dans le besoin dinstitutions but non lucratif qui nous fourniront un
substitut islamique la notion de lentraide et de la coopration entre les individus de la socit
de nos jours et ce, en fonction des fondements de lentraide et dinvestissement susceptibles de
garantir sa continuit et son succs selon lassurance cooprative compose.
Aussi, nous avons besoin dactiver les moyens dentraide au sein de la socit et ce, travers
la mise en place des waqfs pour les centres de sant, les incidents, les catastrophes et autres,
tout en encrant le principe de sen remettre Dieu.
Lassurance islamique place ses fondements sur les principes de lassurance cooprative ou
dentraide les assurs. Elle nest pas fonde sur le principe lucratif, mais au premier lieu sur le
fait de faire face aux risques et dassumer les effets matriels de tout risque ou prjudice que
peut subir lassur ou ses proprits, et conformment ce principe, les adhrents sentraident
dans le but dindemniser toute personne parmi eux ayant subi un prjudice engendr par
nimporte quel risque quelle encourt. Etant donn que les adhrents (titulaires de documents
dassurance) sont des propritaires de lopration assurantielle, ils ouvrent droit au
recouvrement cash de lexcdent rsultant des oprations assurantielles qui sera valu en
fonction la tranche verse par chacun deux, aprs imputation des allocations et des frais
ncessaires, sans que cette socit ou ses actionnaires ne bnficient daucun taux de cet
excdent.
A travers cette vision, il savre que lassurance islamique pratique par la socit islamique
se diffre de lassurance dite classique (commerciale), attendu que les bnfices gnrs par la
vente de produits et services dassurance reviennent aux actionnaires et pas aux titulaires de
documents dassurance, comme cest le cas dans le systme assurantiel islamique. En mme
temps les actionnaires (tenants des capitaux) investissent largent cumul des titulaires des
documents dassurance en contre partie dun taux dtermin du revenu de linvestissement au
profit des actionnaires et ce, en contre partie de la grance et linvestissement de cet argent, et
cela galement est lune des diffrences existant entre lassurance islamique et celle classique.
247
Keywords.
Commercial insurance, social insurance, takaful, Islamic cooperative insurance,
Islamic economics, subscriptions, Investment, Zakat, hazards and disasters, social
protection, social assistance, social activity of the State, social security funds in
Algeria, recoveries and benefits, retirement, unemployment, work injury, maternity
leave.
In English
The national and international scene is growing fast in terms of insurance-industry in
various fields, because of the great need displayed by the company to access medical
care or making repairs following the occurrence of incidents or disasters which the man
is the victim, which fate is dictated by the divine will, especially these days marked by
multiple hazards, lifestyles increasingly complex and estranged relationships between
individuals in society and even among members of the same family. Thus, insurance
companies have done a thriving market to showcase their products, and commercial
insurance plans in its provisions, the insured pays a slice constant and periodic account
of the insurance company that is committed to repair the damage of the incident.
Indemnify the insured is an illusory act (gharar) exorbitant, because payment of this
sum of money against part of a risk that might occur ignored as it could not do, what the
act illusory ( gharar), subject to opinion of many contemporaries and the decisions taken
by al Fiqh academies and legal-religious bodies.
Ourselves in a context marked by the proliferation of commercial insurance
companies to profit-we find in need of nonprofit institutions that provide us an alternative
to the Islamic concept of mutual aid and cooperation between individuals in society
today and, based on foundations of mutual aid and investment that would ensure its
continuity and success as the co-operative insurance.
Also, we need to activate the means of support within the society and, through the
establishment of waqfs for health centers, incidents, disasters and others, while inking
the principle s 'Let God.
Islamic insurance places its foundation on the principles of cooperative or mutual
insurance policyholders. It is not based on the principle profit, but primarily on the fact of
dealing with risk and assume the material effects of any risk or harm that may suffer the
insured or its properties, and in accordance with this principle , members help each
other in order to compensate any person among them who have suffered damage
caused by any risk it. Since the members (owners insurance documents) are the
owners of the insurance-operation, they are eligible to recover cash from surplus funds
from operations insurance-which will be evaluated on the portion paid by each of them,
after allocation of allowances and expenses necessary, without the company or its
shareholders receive no rate this surplus.
Through this vision, it appears that Islamic insurance practiced by the Islamic society
differs from insurance called classical (commercial), whereas the profits from the sale of
insurance products and services and return to shareholders not to holders of insurance
documents, as is the case in the Islamic insurance system. At the same time
shareholders (proponents of capital) invest money accumulated owners insurance
documents in part against a determined rate of investment income to shareholders and,
in part against the stewardship and investment of this money, and it is also one of the
differences between the conventional and Islamic insurance.

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1

Rpublique Algrienne Dmocratique et Populaire

Ministre de lenseignement suprieur

Facult des Sciences Economiques,

/ ......... .... ........

4.2 .................................................. ...

.1.1 1941 .............................................1912

.2.1 1912 .............................................1983

9.1 Social Security

" "Se-cure " "Se " " cure

Hector Inductive, Op.Cit, PP 6 -14.

Social Protection Scheme :

. Employer Liability Scheme

Provident funds Scheme :

3.9.9 Social Insurance :

Hector Inductive, Op.Cit, P.7.

System of National Accounts, 2003, P. 43. http://www.oecd.org le 05/05/2007

Reform, Fiscal Studies, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2000, pp. 1-3.

3.2 Partially Funded System

Pension " "

2.1 Defined Benefit :

1.1 Defined Contribution :

System of National Accounts, Op.Cit, P. 43.

" " 1811

Otto von Bismarck.3 1881

Five Giant Evils .

Lord William Henry Beveridge

.General Tax Revenues

: verlapping Generations Model (OLG) :

Peter A. Diamond 1165

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia , Social security, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_security le 05/05/2007.

( )Finite Period ) (Perpetual Society

Jean Hindriks, Gareth D.Myles, Op.Cit, P 523.

)U( Cy , Co+1) = u(Cy) + U(Co+1

( )Cy ( )Co+1 ( )<

t+1 Ks+1=L )1+ r +1( Ks+1

Sala-i - Martin Mulligan

Mulligan Sala-i-Martin Mirrlees 1971

Mirrlees Mirrlees Problem as

" 2"Optimal Redistribution :

)max W(Go) + (1-) (1-) W(Gy

1.2 : Induced Retirement Enhances Efficiency

) Kotlikoff & Gokhale(1992

3.2 : Solution to the Prodigal Father Problem

2.3.2 : Myopic Prodigality

) (Pogue and Sgontz 1977) )Becker and Murphy 1988

Mulligan Martin ( )OLG .3

Becker and Mulligan

2.3 Chain Letter :

Mulligan, Casey B. and Xavier Sala-i-Martin , Op.Cit , P. 28.

Mulligan & Sala-i-Martin

Independence from Political

Low Operating Costs

P. Plamondon and D. Osborne, Op.Cit, P.40.

Gregorio Impavido, Hess, David , Op.Cit ,P50 .

Assets allocation models

) (Social Protection Floor

1 001 2100 .23

1994 " "

World Bank , Facing a Pension Crunch, 24 May,2005, p33.

Responsibility Individual Responsibility

World Bank , Pension Reform in Latin America, January 27, 2005.

. Private Individual Accounts