MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL

PROBLEMS WITH
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
Darlene Wigston

NOVEMBER 8, 2015

When I was given this assignment I initially chose the topic of problems with
evolutionary theory knowing that most people just swallow what they are told without really
examining the facts for themselves and I wanted to point out the truth that what people believe
about evolution may not be true after all. However the amount of information available on this
topic proved to be vast and the topic too broad and so I decided to narrow it down to a few of the
molecular biological problems with the evolutionary theory.
I plan to show that it is highly unlikely that the molecules that all life is based on could
have evolved in the way that scientists tell us that it did. Without these molecules life itself could
not exist and so the theory is flawed at its very root.

ESSAY OUTLINE

1. Introduction and Thesis

2. The Problem With Formation and Joining of Amino Acids
2.1. Effect of Atmosphere on Amino Acid Formation
2.2. The Odds Against the Combinations of Amino Acids in a Watery Environment
3. Problems with RNA
3.1. Odds Against the Evolution of replicating RNA
4. DNA and Mutations
4.1. Odds Against DNA formation
4.2. Known Effects of Mutations vs. Evolutionary Effects
5. Conclusion

NAME: Darlene Wigston

TEACHER: Keith Hobbs
COURSE: COMM 1133 (05)
DATE: December 3, 2015

Many people assume that evolution is a proven fact that is undisputable. I disagree with this
position. I believe that there are many problems with the theory of evolution and I intend to
discuss 3 of the molecular biological problems.

One major problem is the formation of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins including
RNA and DNA among others, in the atmosphere of an early Earth. According to scientists, early
Earths atmosphere contained very few of the chemicals needed to form these amino acids and
was, in fact, the wrong type of atmosphere needed altogether. According to an experiment
conducted in 1953 the formation of amino acids requires a reducing atmosphere rich in methane,
ammonia, and other reducing gasses. However scientists believe that early Earths atmosphere
was actually volcanic in nature and did not contain a lot of the reducing gasses deemed necessary
to produce the amino acids (Luskin, 2012).

Once these amino acids were formed they would have needed to join together in exactly the right
way and in the right proteins to create and sustain life. However, this is highly unlikely,
especially in a watery environment. According to evolutionists the early Earth was covered with
a primordial soup -- water containing chemicals that came together to form the necessary
building blocks for life -- and amino acids combined to form proteins such as RNA and DNA
among others and here life began. One of the problems with this theory is that water doesnt help
amino acids join into proteins. On the contrary, it breaks proteins down into amino acids. This
makes it highly unlikely that the amino acids would connect in water.

During the formation of RNA the exact right combinations of amino acids would have to occur
to obtain functioning RNA. Advocates of a theory that early life carried out all of its functions
via RNA speculate that this would require a molecule between 200 and 300 nucleotides in
length. The odds of this happening by chance are approximately 1 in 10150, which is generally
considered a mathematical impossibility. This does not include the odds against the development
of the mechanisms that RNA needs to replicate nor does it include the odds of the amino acids
combining in a way that would create a genetic code that would be usable by an organism
(Luskin, 2012).

Another molecule that would need to evolve in an exact way is DNA. Proteins are made of only
left handed amino acids and DNA of only right handed ones. This is highly unlikely to have
resulted from random chance. If the amino acids combined randomly there would be an equal
mix of left- and right-handed nucleotides, or amino acids, and they would be unable to function
(Fischer, 2013).

Scientists claim that DNA mutated to give us the changes that resulted in new life forms and
improved on existing life forms. However all known mutations have always resulted in the loss
of information and have never been known to create a new structure or even complexity. They
do not create new species but impair the existing ones (Discovery Institute, 2015) Every new
structure takes more than one mutation to create and they must all happen at the same time. If
they do not happen all at once a new organ cannot be made and function (Fischer, 2013).

These are just 3 of the many problems with the theory of evolution. In my opinion evolution is
unlikely to have occurred and is, in fact, an unproven scientific theory.

References
Discovery Institute. (2015, January 21). Retrieved October 16, 2015
Fischer, J. M. (2013). Debunking Evolution. Retrieved October 16, 2015
Luskin, C. (2012, December 12). Evolution News and Views. Retrieved October 16, 2015