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Infection involving urethra, bladder, ureters, renal pelvis, renal clyces, and
renal parenchyma, either isolated or compromising the entire urinary tract.
commonly seen in children between age 2 to 6 years
e-coli is the most common bacterial cause of UTIs with other gram-negative
organisms secondary
Assessment (clinical presentation)- vague symptoms
o Fever
o Vomiting
o Abdominal pain
o Flank pain
o Back pain
o Dysuria (painful urination)
o Frequency (urinating at frequent intervals not associated with
increased volume)
o Urgency (an unstoppable urge to urinate)
o Hematuria (blood in the urine)
o Jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera due to increased
bilirubin levels)
o Poor oral intake
o Hyperthermia
o Hypothermia
o Failure to thrive (failing to have adequate growth)
Diagnostic tests
o Urinalysis to test for nitrates, leukocyte esterase. Urinalysis may raise
suspicion of a UTI but is not diagnostic. However, the presence of urine
nitrate is a strong indicator of a UTI.
o Prevention of contamination in urine culture- a bag urine specimen is
never an appropriate collection tool for a urine culture.
o urine culture : specific bacterium
o renal ultrasonography: structural anomalies or vascular compromise
o voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) : vesicoureteral reflux
o DTc- dimercaptosuccinic acid scan (DMSA): renal scarring
Nursing Intervention
o emergency care
stabilize circulatory status by giving IV fluid bolus of normal
saline 20 cc/kg
give broad spectrum IV antibiotics
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Any infant less than 2 months of age with UTI needs a
septic workup, hospitization, and the administration of IV
antibiotics until cultures and sensitivities have been
completed.
o acute hospital care
Broad-spectrum antibiotic started right after obtaining urine
specimen for culture.
Nephrotic syndrome
Massive proteinuria, hypoalbunemia edema, and hyperlipidemia of unknown
etiology.