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GPS dan
Perhubungan Udara
GPS adalah komponen penting dari FANS
(Future Air Navigation System)
yang berbasiskan satelit
Communication
FANS
Navigation
Surveillance
GPS (USA)
GLONASS (Rusia)
GALILEO (Europe)
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 2007
Abad 13
1907
1912
1930s
1940s
1960s
1970s
1980s
2000s
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Magnetic Compass
Gyrocompass
Radio Direction Finding
Radar dan INS (Inertial Nav. System)
Loran-A
Omega dan Satelit Doppler
Loran-C
GPS dan GLONASS
GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo)
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 2004
KEMAMPUAN GPS
Ketelitian posisi
beberapa mm sampai
beberapa meteran
Ketelitian kecepatan
beberapa cm/detik
Ketelitian waktu
beberapa nanodetik
Separasi
jalur terbang
(lateral & longitudinal)
dapat diperkecil
Seandainya disertifikasi
Landasan
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 1994
Sub-Fase
Oceanic
En-Route/
Terminal
Approach
and Landing
Fase
En-Route/
Terminal
Approach
and
Landing
Domestic
Terminal
Remote
Special Helicopter
Operation
Non-Precision
CAT I
Precison
CAT II
CAT III
Sub-Fase
Oceanic
Domestic
Terminal
Non-Precision
CAT I
Precison
CAT II
CAT III
Time-to-Alarm (detik)
30
30
10
10
6
2
2
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 1998
Since
2 May
2000
3m
PPP surveying
10 cm
DIFFERENTIAL
POSITIONING
2m
1m
5 cm
3 mm
differential code
carrier-smoothed code
1 mm
1 cm
10 cm
1m
10 m
100 m
SPS = Standard Positioning Service (for civilian).
PPS = Precise Positioning Service (for military and authorized users).
PPP = Precise Point Positioning (using phases)
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 2007
Pengamatan
(L1, L2, P(Y) Code,
C/A Code)
Monitor
Station
Monitor
Station
Monitor
Station
Monitor
Station
Monitor
Station
di upload
setiap x jam
Pengiriman
(S-band),
sekali/hari
. Pemrosesan data
. Pengontrolan Satelit
. Pengoperasian sistem
Sistem GPS mampu memenuhi persyaratan ketelitian untuk tahaptahap penerbangan sipil, tapi persyaratan integritasnya belum.
Untuk itu dalam hal integritas, GPS harus dipantau dan diperkuat
dengan metode/sistem lainnya.
Metode-metode Internal
Metode RAIM (Receiver
Automous Integrity
Monitoring)
Metode Integrasi Sistem
- GPS/Baro-Altitude
- GPS/INS/IRS/AHRS
- GPS/LORAN-C
- GPS/Omega
- GPS/Multi-Sensor FMCS
- GPS/VOR-DME/RNAV
Metode-metode Eksternal
Metode GIC (GPS Integrity Channel)
- Ground-Based Communication
- Satellite-Based Communication
Metode Differential GPS (DGPS)
- Wide Area DGPS (WADGPS)
- Local Area DGPS (LADGPS)
GIC + DGPS + Ukuran Jarak Tambahan
- Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
- Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
Integrity
GPS & RAIM
WAAS
WAAS
WAAS & LAAS
LAAS
LAAS
Availability
GPS & RAIM
WAAS
WAAS
WAAS & LAAS
LAAS
LAAS
Accuracy
GPS & RAIM
GPS & RAIM
GPS & RAIM
WAAS & LAAS
LAAS
LAAS
Wide Area
Master Site (WAMS) :
Pusat Pengolahan Data
Pengiriman data
WAAS
http://www.mitrecaasd.org/
WAAS
LAAS
Ref : waas.stanford.edu/research/laas.htm
Bagaimana dengan
status penggunaan GPS
dalam dunia penerbangan
di Indonesia ?