Computer Fundamentals

MATLAB

Todays Lecture

M-Files
Array Manipulation
Complex Numbers

M-files

M-files

Large number of commands for a particular

solution can be written in a simple text file
We give a .m extension to such files and
call then M-files.
Advantage is its re-usability

M-files

To create a new m-file, goto file

menu:
File->New->Blank M-file.
Or simply press Ctrl+N.
Write all the commands in this text
editor.

Array Manipulation

Array Manipulation

Array Indexing
Array Construction
Array Orientation
Standard Arrays

Array Manipulation: Indexing

Unlike C++, the first element has an index of 1.

For example, a 1-by-11 array would have index
from 1 to 11 (not 0 to 10).
Individual elements can be accessed by
subscripts; e.g., x(3) would be the 3rd element of
array x.
A block of elements can be accessed by colon
notation.
x(1:5) accesses first five elements.

Array Manipulation: Indexing

Arrays can be accessed in reverse order.

x(3:1) would access third, second and first elements.
x(5:-2:1) would access fifth, third and first elements.

A set of specific elements can also be accessed.

x([2 3 5 6 8 7]) would only access the corresponding
elements in the above mentioned order.

Array Manipulation: Indexing

The index or the array subscript must be a positive

integer.
Like x(1.3) generates an error.

Array Manipulation:
Construction
A ten column vector can be generated by colon
notation.
x = (1:10);

Step size can also be mentioned.

x = (1 : .01 : 1)
x = linspace( 1 , pi ,10 )

Array Manipulation:
Construction
Arrays can be constructed by concatenating two
arrays.
If a= [1:3];
b= [ 3:5];
x = [ a b]

Array Manipulation: Orientation

Rows can be created with the help of semicolons.

x= [ 1;2;3;4;5] will be a column matrix.

We can also use the transpose operator () to

make a column array a row vector and vice versa.

Array Manipulation: Standard

Arrays
Standard arrays are the matrices in which the
elements are either all ones, all zeros, or all
random. MATLAB has specific commands to
generate them.
zeros(2,3) generates a 2-by-3 matrix of all zeros.
ones(2) generates a 2-by-2 matrix of all ones.
eye(3) generates a 3-by-3 identity matrix.
rand(3,6) generates by 3-by-6 matrix of random
elements.

Complex Numbers

Complex Numbers

MATLAB can handle real as well as complex

numbers with utmost ease.
The complex part can be mentioned by either i or j.
2+3i;
3+3j;

Special functions also exist for complex number

manipulation.

Complex Numbers

The real & imaginary parts can be separated by

real() and imag() functions respectively.
real(2+3j) = 2
imag(3+6i) = 6;

Magnitude and phase can also be obtained.