Jamaal Sayles

Leslie Drake
Research Techniques and Technology
26 October 2015

Annotated Bibliography

The article Hip-Hop Defines Today's Youth Culture Worldwide is about how Hip-Hop has
affected multiple nations around the world, along with our own nation. The commercial success began
in 2007 when Jay-Z reached the top of the charts. Hip-Hop is ultimately the most versatile of the music
groups to date. There are raps for every single group you could possibly think of: from religious rap, to
LGBT rap, to gangsta rap, to trap, to underground, to conscious rap. It also talks about who benefits
from the money that comes flowing in from the music, and how musicians of the genre affected have
made an impact on society. This was posted in 2013 by Dalton Higgins, who is a multimedia pop critic
whose work has been published in many magazines. He is an author of a few Hip-Hop related works
such as Hip-Hop World: A Groundwork Guide and coauthor of the book Hip Hop. It would be safe
to assume that he is a trustworthy source to gain information from for research related to this subject.

Hip-Hop Gives Youths a Needed Outlet for Self-Expression expands upon the importance of
Hip-Hop and how it has left an impact on the community and America. It starts the article with a little
history on how the music genre came to be. The article then talks about how it helps one express
themselves, and that it is an ever-growing art form. It says that Hip-Hop has the ability to improve one's
vocal capabilities. Overall, the article is proving to demonstrate that hip-hop has positive effects on the
youth, if used correctly. This article was published in 2013 by Carolee Walker, a staff writer for Info
USA, a public information website published by the US Department of State. Seeing as how this

person's information is rather vague and not very detailed, there are some pieces of information that
could be used in my research.

An online article that I came across titled Decoding Hip-Hops Cultural Impact, also has
research results about how Hip-Hop has impacted the youth of this generation. It also has input from
professors that talk about their findings in the genre, and how it affects the youth from their results.
For example, Dr. S. Craig Watkins, a professor of sociology, African American studies, and radio,
television, and film at the University of Texas-Austin, is among a group of social scientists who have taken
up the charge to examine exactly what impact hip-hop is having on its young audiences. For the most part,
Watkins says that hip-hop scholarship has focused on analyzing content and cultural interpretation. That
trend will change as scholars examine the effect the music and media images from hip-hop culture are
having on the social identity and values of young people. After

skimming through the article, it looks

like the professors in this article seem as though they know what they are talking about. This was
posted on April 22, 2004, so this article is quite outdated. Not to mention that their sources are not cited
at all. However it seems that they are doing their own research, so that would probably be okay that
they have none. But I feel it might still be of some use for the research I intend to undergo.

Next up is an online article by Cole Mize, a hip-hop artist/enthusiast, and goes over the history
of hip-hop. He goes into depth of DJ Kool Herc, the Sugar Hill Gang, and many other pioneers in the
industry. There are many facts about his article that are pretty accurate when compared to other articles
regarding the same subject. Cole Mize, the man who wrote the article, is a hip-hop critic that talks
about some of the most prominent of musicians. It is safe to say that he knows what he is talking about,
and seems well educated on the subject. However, he doesn't list any of his sources, his information
checks out with other related articles. He posted this article about the history of Hip-Hop on September
23, 2014. A few dozen people have reviewed his article, and found it to be incredibly helpful, so it

should be safe to assume that he knows what he is talking about. Though it would be beneficial to play
it safe and not have my research rely heavily on his sources, for his credibility might not be up to par
with other sources.

The book I am covering is called The Hip-Hop Generation Fights Back: Youth, Activism and
Post-Civil Rights Politics by Andreana Clay. She goes into depth of her experience with Hip-Hop, and
what it means to her in her life. She describes how the music genre has an important impact in many
different forms of communities. She covers how it is a form of expression among urban youth that are
faced with racial inequalities. Her book also covers how the youth are at their most politically active
due to Hip-Hop. This was published on July 12, 2012. Andreana Clay is an Associate Professor of
Sociology at San Francisco State University.
A Bad Rap? Local Hip-Hop Artists and Fans Are Part of a Backlash Against the Violent Rap
Music That Record Companies Love is an academic online article that discusses the backlash against
rap culture and Hip-Hop culture as a whole. To be more specific, people who are considered Hip-Hop
purists talk about how gangster rap is popular, and how it came to be. They also discuss how it does not
represent Hip-Hop as a whole, and go back to the original message that Hip-Hop spread. I feel it is
important to utilize this article as a source for it talks about why gangster rap is so popular to today's
youth. When you look at the roots of Hip-Hop, and how it came to be, you would see why these people
speak out against the negative feedback that Rap music has received. Which is why I find this source to
be very helpful in my paper.
A music video that is titled It G Ma by Keith Ape, a Korean Hip-Hop artist, is my next
source. A link to the video will be provided in the Works Cited area. In this video, observe the
flashing of their jewelry and use of alcohol, that is very prevalent in current Hip-Hop. When you
contemplate on the aesthetic value of the music video, this is how other countries think when they see
and hear Hip-Hop, mainstream Hip-Hop has set the standard for what is to be expected in the industry.

I feel that using this music video as a reference is very important, and consider this one of my most
important sources. Keep in mind, that this is not a criticism of any of the aforementioned artists in any
way, shape, or form. This music video is an example of how Hip-Hop has affected other nations, and
how they view Hip-Hop as a whole.
An online article on Maxim.com by a writer Kelly McClure reported on October 26, 2015, that
rapper Lupe Fiasco has begun work with Google's Waze executive Di-Ann Eisnor to start something
called the Neighborhood Start Fund. The motive of this fund is to search for ideas from business
entrepreneurs that can help impoverished inner city neighborhoods and communities. So far, this is not
trending on Facebook, or Twitter. Yet, people somehow events such as rapper Rick Ross being sent to
jail for possession of drugs is trending-worthy. The conviction of rapper Bobby Shmurda is also
considered popular news that should be shared, but yet not this. People are too caught up with the
negative, gilded aspects of the industry, that people don't consider the fact that there are artists out there
that actually want to give back to the community. Which is why I want to use this as a source.

This academic article goes over the term wigger or wiggahs, and how Hip-Hop has
affected the white community. The term wigger or wiggah is a pejorative term that describes an
individual of mainly European descent that acts like a black person. To define act like a black
person, it means to adopt the mannerisms of the black people they most likely see on tv, or in real life
conversations and social interactions. Some people consider them the people that are breaking down
the racial divide between minorities and whites, making the world a better place. I believe that this is
another strong article that could be of use to me. It directly discusses the effects of Hip-Hop on white
youth, and how their interest in Hip-Hop has mixed reactions among their peers. Some believe that
their interest in Hip-Hop to this degree is betraying their race. Others believe that by showing such
interest in Hip-Hop, they believe that the young individuals will eventually break down the racial
divide.

The last source is an academic article that goes over the history of Hip-Hop in much more detail. HipHop is basically a large culmination of rap music, graffiti writing, or tagging, break dancing, mc-ing,
etc. It goes over the history all the way to current times. I feel that this is an important source to
basically support the other sources that talk about the history of Hip-Hop. In order to go into depth of a
subject like this, you have to know the origins of said subject.
Works Cited:
Source Citation
Higgins, Dalton. "Hip-Hop Defines Today's Youth Culture Worldwide." Rap and Hip-Hop. Ed. Tamara
Thompson. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "The Audacity of Hip
Hop."Hip Hop World. Vol. 7. Groundwood: Toronto, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 12
Oct. 2015.
URL
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displayquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Viewpoints&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=fal
se&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=OVIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&s
canId=&documentId=GALE
%7CEJ3010870206&source=Bookmark&u=klnb_ottawauniv&jsid=0c952fe0524f918a234943618dd13
b3
Source Citation
Walker, Carolee. "Hip-Hop Gives Youths a Needed Outlet for Self-Expression." Rap and Hip-Hop. Ed.
Tamara Thompson. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "Hip-Hop
Music an Outlet for Self-Expression." 2009. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
URL
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?
failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displayquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Viewpoints&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=fal
se&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=OVIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&s
canId=&documentId=GALE
%7CEJ3010870214&source=Bookmark&u=klnb_ottawauniv&jsid=386e5c9ab390d8803807806b759e
31eb

Clay, Andreana. The Hip-hop Generation Fights Back: Youth, Activism, and Post-civil Rights Politics.

New York, NY: New York UP, 2012. Print.

Ape, Keith, JayAllDay, Loota, Okasian, and Kohh. "It G Ma." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 28 Oct.
2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPC9erC5WqU&ab_channel=Hi-LiteRecords

McClure, Kelly. "Lupe Fiasco Is Giving Away $1 Million Dollars to Entrepreneurs." Lupe Fiasco Is
Giving Away $1 Million Dollars to Entrepreneurs. Maxim, 26 Oct. 2015. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.

Bush, M. E. (2005). Hip hop, wiggahs, and whiteness. In S. Steinberg, P. Parmar & B. Richard
(Eds.), Contemporary youth culture: An international encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Retrieved from
http://search.credoreference.com.lib.ottawa.edu/content/entry/gwyouth/hip_hop_wiggahs_and_whitene
ss/0

Bobo, K. D. (2008). Hip-Hop. In R. Juang & N. Morrissette (Eds.), Africa and the Americas: Culture,
politics, and history. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from
http://search.credoreference.com.lib.ottawa.edu/content/entry/abcafatrle/hip_hop/0