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In short:
X = {0, 1}
Note: We could have chosen Heads=100 and Tails=150 if we wanted! It is our choice.
So:
Example: x + 2 = 6
In this case we can find that x=4
But a Random Variable is different ...
Example: X = {0, 1, 2, 3}
X could be 0, 1, 2, or 3 randomly.
And they might each have a different probability.
Capital Letters
We use a capital letter, like X or Y, to avoid confusion with the Algebra type of variable.
Sample Space
A Random Variable's set of values is the Sample Space.
Probability
We can show the probability of any one value using this style:
P(X = 1) = 1/6
P(X = 2) = 1/6
P(X = 3) = 1/6
P(X = 4) = 1/6
P(X = 5) = 1/6
P(X = 6) = 1/6
X = "number
of Heads"
HHH
HHT
HTH
HTT
THH
THT
TTH
TTT
Looking at the table we see just 1 case of Three Heads, but 3 cases of Two Heads, 3 cases
of One Head, and 1 case of Zero Heads. So:
P(X = 3) = 1/8
P(X = 2) = 3/8
P(X = 1) = 3/8
P(X = 0) = 1/8
1st Die
1 2 3 4 5
1
2nd 2
Die 3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
8
4 5 6 7
5 6 7 8
6 7 8 9
7 8 9 10
8 9 10 11
9 10 11 12
There are 6 6 = 36 of them, and the Sample Space = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
Let's count how often each value occurs, and work out the probabilities:
A Range of Values
We could also calculate the probability that a Random Variable takes on a range of values.
Example (continued) What is the probability that the sum of the scores is 5, 6,
7 or 8?
In other words: What is P(5 X 8)?
P(5 X 8) = P(X = 5) + P(X = 6) + P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) = (4+5+6+5)/36 = 20/36 = 5/9
Solving
We can also solve a Random Variable equation.
X is the Random Variable "The sum of the scores on the two dice".
Continuous
Random Variables can be either Discrete or Continuous:
Continuous Data can take any value within a range (such as a person's height)
Summary
A Random Variable is a set of possible values from a random experiment.
The set of possible values is called the Sample Space.
A Random Variable is given a capital letter, such as X or Z.
Random Variables can be discrete or continuous.