Techniques of Integration

Alice Hong
Shawn Yee
Jennifer Dininger
Sado Do
U Substitution

 Step 1: Given f(g(x)), let u=g(x) and

du=g’(x) dx.
 Step 2: Rewrite the integral in terms of u.
 Step 3: Evaluate the integral.
 Step 4: Replace u with g(x).
Partial Fractions
(use when denominator of integral can be factored)

 Step 1: Factor denominator.

 Step 2: Set one factor (we’ll call it A) equal to zero and
solve.
 Step 3: Plug value in for x when A is set to zero (Step
2) into the other factor (we’ll call it B).
 Step 4: Divide original numerator by the value
obtained from substituting A’s zero into B (Step 3).
 Step 5: This value is the new numerator of A (the first
factor).
 Step 6: Repeat this process to find the new numerator
of B.
 Step 7: Solve the integral.
Example of Partial Fractions
7
 x 2  2 x  15dx
x 3 0 7
 ( x  3)( x  5)dx x5 0
x 3
x  5
7 7 (7 / 8) ( 7 / 8)
 7 7
(3  5 ) 8  ( x  3)  ( x  5) dx 
( 5  3) 8
7 1 1
  dx
8 x3 x5
7
(ln | x  3 |  ln | x  5 |)  c
8
7 x3
(ln | |)  c
8 x5
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 If an integral has a
similar format to an
inverse trigonometric
derivative, try u
substitution
Integration by Parts
 Step 1: Use LIPET method to determine u & dv
LIPET: logarithmic, inverse trigonometric,
polynomial, exponential, trigonometric

 Step 2: Find du by taking the first derivative of u.

 Step 3: Find v by taking the antiderivative of dv.

 Step 4: Set up the integral as uv -  vdu

•Step 5: Solve
Improper Integrals

  b

 f ( x)dx

 f ( x)dx  f ( x)dx
a 

(where a and b are real numbers)

 May or not may not have values
if yes, integral converges
if no, integral diverges
 Example: 
x
 dx
0
e
Homework Questions
0
12 dx
 x 2  4 x  12 dx  (4  x 2 )

1
2 x 2 dx
dx
 2 x
9  4x 2
x e dx

 2t cos3t dt
x x  2 dx
Homework Quiz Question
2x
 xe dx
Test Questions

2 x ln x
 x cos 2 dx 1 ( x) dx

2
 3(sec x) tan x dx

1 2
 1  4 x 2 dx  x 2  x  2dx