Bibliography

Secondary Sources:
10 Little-Known Facts About The Lewis and Clark Expedition. History.com.
A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/10-little-known-facts-about-thelewis-and-clark-expedition>
Just by the title, one can see that this was a useful source. It was insightful
and it introduced us to new information about Lewis and Clark.
"AMERICAN IMPERIALISM: 1890-1913." AMERICAN IMPERIALISM: 1890-1913.
N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
This source provides us with a summary of American Imperialism. It focuses
on the causes and ill help us explain Americas motive for imperializing.
Boot, Max. American Imperialism? No Need To Run Away from Label. Council on
Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, Jun. 2003. Web. 4 Nov. 2015.
This is perhaps the most insightful website because it gives us an overview of
American Imperialism. It discusses modern cases of imperialism as well as old
ones. This article talks about Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, and even the
Louisiana territory.
Changes In Native American Life - Boundless Open Textbook. Boundless.
Web. 8 Dec. 2015. <https://www.boundless.com/u-shistory/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/britain-and-the-settling-ofthe-colonies-1600-1750-3/the-british-empire-in-north-america-39/changes-innative-american-life-263-10438/>
We used this to get a description of exchange and encounter between the
Natives and European. It was very useful information that we used to write our
page on exchange.
Exploration Of North America. History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d.
Web. 8 Dec. 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/exploration-ofnorth-america>
This websource was used on our exploration Tabs. It was very interesting
because it talked about exploration before Christopher Columbus, and
different theories related to who really discovered the Americas first.
History of Early Indians PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.pbs.org/indiancountry/history/interactive_map.html>
This PBS interactive map shows us the different locations, and follows the
consequent relocation of the native people. We used this under encounter
page, to show the viewer the adverse affects of the Indian removal act.
"Manifest Destiny." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 01
Nov. 2015.
This source explains the concept of manifest destiny. It will help us to explain
how people believed that is was our destiny to expand coast to coast and
grow stronger as a nation.

"Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion." Manifest Destiny and Westward

Expansion. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
This source provides us with pictures that we can incorporate in out website.
Most importantly, it has the famous manifest destiny cartoon. This is a
reliable source from a university. This source is helpful because it gives us an
insight on the introduction of Imperialism in American history.
Mexican-American War. History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 8
Dec. 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war>
History.com is very easy to understand, and exteremely well written. It was a
good secondary source. We used the picture from this website, in addition to
an excerpt that we quoted under our brief description of the Mexican American
war thumbnail.
Mexican-American War | Mexico-United States [1846-1848]. Encyclopedia
Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.britannica.com/event/mexican-american-war>
This site was simply used to get additional information on the MexicanAmerican War.
MIT Visualizing Cultures. MIT Visualizing Cultures. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/cb_essay
02.html>
This was an essay from graduate students from MIT, it gave us an alternative
view on the History of the Americas. This essay also greatly focused on The
White Mans Burden, and so was useful in that context also.
National Geographic: Lewis &Amp; ClarkDiscoveriesTribes. National
Geographic: Lewis &amp; ClarkDiscoveriesTribes. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/resources_discoveries_trib
e.html>
This was used on our Lewis and Clark website to show that Lewis and Clark
did more than just uncover land. They documented different species of plants,
and animals. Additionally, they discovered many different clans. We linked this
on our website so the viewer can interact.
"Native Americans;Christianity." American Eras.1997. Native Americans And
Christianity. Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, Jan. 1997. Web. 8 Dec.
2015. <http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1g2-2536601076.html>
We were able to use this website to get a brief description for christianity and
we quoted the description under our White Mans Burden Tab.
Nunn, Nathan. "The Columbian Exchange." A History of Disease, Food, and
Ideas (2010): 1-26. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/nunn/files/nunn_qian_jep_2010.pdf>.
This was one of the most interesting essay, because it gave us a unique
perspective on the Columbian Exchange. We were able to grasp the entire
effect of the columbian exchange on the Americas. The analysis of the
scholars from Harvard were very interesting.

PBS. PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.

<http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/trailmap/index.html>
This source, along with all other PBS source was very useful. We used this
interactive map to show their journey in our Lewis and Clark page. It also
gives the viewers a chance to follow the trail also.
Peabody Museum. Encounters with the Americas. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/286>
Under the encounter section, we quoted this website to describe briefly what
encounter was, and what types of encounter occurred in the Americas.
"Quest for Empire." Quest for Empire. Dr. Gayle Olson Raymer, n.d. Web. 01
Nov. 2015.
This source will help us explain the goals of American Imperialism. It shows
the reasoning and desires that Americans wanted as they grew bigger and
more powerful.
Teaching History.Org, Home of the National History Education Clearinghouse.
The New World: A Stage for Cultural Interaction. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/25447>
We used a quote from this website to describe one of our thumbnails.
The Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site19/>
This website simply gave us a definition of the Columbian Exchange which we
quoted to put on our website.
The Philippine-American War - Boundless Open Textbook. Boundless. Web. 8
Dec. 2015. <https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-shistory-textbook/race-empire-and-culture-in-the-gilded-age-1870-1900-21/warempire-and-an-emerging-american-world-power-164/the-philippine-americanwar-903-3411/>
It was fairly difficult finding sources on this particular war. Boundless.com
gave us consise information that was helpful when writing about the SpanishAmerican War, and the Philippine-American war.
"The Spanish-American War, 1898 - 18661898 - Milestones - Office of the
Historian." The Spanish-American War, 1898 - 18661898 - Milestones - Office of
the Historian. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2015.
On the Department of State website, it gives us accurate information about
the Spanish-American war. This war is crucial in doing this project, because
of Imperialism being a major theme. This source will indefinately help in
providing information for the project. Additionally, this website is very good
and reliable and also hold information regarding a lot of historical cases.
"Three Examples of Imperialism by the US in the Late 1800s | The Classroom |
Synonym." Three Examples of Imperialism by the US in the Late 1800s | The
Classroom | Synonym. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
This source gives multiple examples of how the United States tried to grow as

a country. It gives exact examples how we tried to imperialize and become a

stronger nation.
Transatlantic Slave Trade | United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural
Organization. Transatlantic Slave Trade | United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/dialogue/the-slaveroute/transatlantic-slave-trade/>
Under our exchange tab, we used this source to define the Trans-Atlantic
Slave Trade. It was a brief, yet very resourceful website.
Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo. History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d.
Web. 8 Dec. 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/treaty-of-guadalupehidalgo>
We used this to just briefly recapture what the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
was. We quoted the website in our description.
"U.S. IMPERIALISM IS A PAPER TIGER." U.S. IMPERIALISM IS A PAPER TIGER.
N.p., 14 July 1956. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
This source argues the opposing viewpoint. It shows the reasoning why
America shouldnt imperialize and shouldnt grow too fast. This will help us
explain the controversy that imperialism created in the late 29 th century.
We Take Nothing By Conquest, Thank God. We Take Nothing by Conquest,
Thank God. Web. 4 Nov. 2015.
Chapter 8 of Howard Zinn's book is most helpful because it directly attacks of
the issue of Imperialism and the negative effects it has had on people. It also
discusses the ethics behind Imperialism in general.
Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States: 1492-2001. Print.
This source is very reliable because it is a book; a book which we were
required to read for class in APUSH, so it is familiar. This book discussed many
controversial topics, and more importantly it discusses, in chapter 8,
American Imperialism.
Primary Sources:
American Anti-Imperialist League. "Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist
League." Text from Carl Schurz, The Policy of Imperialism, Liberty Tract No. 4
(Chicago: American Anti-Imperialist League, 1899).
In this short document, the American Anti-Imperialist League describes its
ideology, goals, and opposition to the American colonization of the Philippines
after the Spanish-American War. The League was founded in 1898 and
opposed not only the acquisition of the Philippines, but also the annexation of
Hawaii and the U.S. militarys forceful repression of Filipino nationalists.
"Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy, 1898-1914." Documents
Relating to American Foreign Policy, 1898-1914. Richard Olney, n.d. Web. 01
Nov. 2015.

This website gives us articles and letters that explain Americas foreign policy
since the day we gained our independence. This helps to show how our
foreign policy changed in the late 19th century
"History of the Modern World, 10th Edition (Palmer)." Primary Sources, Maps
and Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
This website will provide us with real pictures. It will assist us in explaining
imperialism and its significance as a whole.
"Imperialism and the Spanish American War." Imperialism and the Spanish
American War. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, n.d. Web. 01
Nov. 2015.
This source offers a lot of quotes regarding American Imperialism. They vary
from authors of the time to presidents and will help us add to our website.
"Internet History Sourcebooks." Internet History Sourcebooks. Fordham
University, n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
This source provides us with excerpts and quotes regarding imperialism as a
whole. It will help us compare and contrast American imperialism to that of
other countries.
Kipling, Rudyard. "Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden." "The White Man's
Burden"
England: n.p., 1899. N. pag. Washington State University - Pullman,
Washington. 4 Nov. 2015. Web.
This poem presents a Western rationalization for imperialism by arguing that
Western domination is necessary for the betterment of the primitive
societies of the world. The original title of the poem reads: The White Mans
Burden: The United States and the Philippine Islands, which ties it to the
Spanish-American War and Americas subsequent colonization of the
Philippines.
"Mark Twain on Imperialism - HistoryWiz Primary Source Imperialism." Mark
Twain on Imperialism HistoryWiz Primary Source Imperialism. Historywiz, n.d.
Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
This source offers famous author, Mark Twains opinions regarding American
Imperialism. This shows us how different points of view regarding imperialism
were spread through literature and helps us to explain literatures impact on
Imperialism.
Message of President James Monroe at the commencement of the first session of
the 18th Congress (The Monroe Doctrine), 12/02/1823; Presidential Messages of
the 18th Congress, ca. 12/02/1823-ca. 03/03/1825; Record Group 46; Records of
the United States Senate, 1789-1990; National Archives.
While not an act of imperialism itself, the Monroe Doctrine reflected
Americas growing desire to build and protect its sphere of influence in the
Western Hemisphere. It stated that any acts by European nations to colonize
land or interfere with countries in North or South America would be viewed as
acts of aggression toward the U.S. This document can be used as early
evidence of Americas quest for power and influence beyond its own borders.

Miller, Stuart Creighton. "Benevolent Assimilation": The American Conquest of the

Philippines, 1899-1903. New Haven: Yale UP, 1982. Print.
In this document, President William McKinley attempts to justify Americas
takeover of the Philippines by stating that America comes not as an invader
or conqueror, but rather as a friend. He states that Americas only goal is to
protect the Filipino natives and assimilate them into the United States in a
benevolent manner. There are echoes of The White Mans Burden in the text.
Native American Netroots. Native American Netroots. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/325>
This was an interesting site because it is a website from the side of American
Indian, so it is interesting to hear their viewpoints. It gave us a lot of different
perspectives.
Primary Document: Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Primary Document: Treaty
of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents_us/trty_guadalupe_hidalgo.
htm>
This source gave us the text to the official Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. It
bettered our understanding on the Mexican-American War, and the results of
it.
Primary Documents In American History. Indian Removal Act: (Virtual
Programs &amp; Services, Library of Congress). Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<http://loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/indian.html>
This source gave us a collection of congressional publications regarding the
Indian Removal Act. It consisted of a collection of debates, bills, laws, and
journals). This helped us better understand the government's perspective on
how the process of imperialism should be handled.
The Philippine-American War, 18991902 - 18991913 - Milestones - Office Of
the Historian. The Philippine-American War, 18991902 - 18991913 Milestones - Office of the Historian. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
<https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/war>
This was a primary document, and we know this site to be very reliable
because it is a Government website. The content we found on this website was
very legitimate.
The Statutes At Large of the United States of America from March 1897 to March
1899 and Recent Treaties, Conventions, Executive Proclamations, and The
Concurrent Resolutions of the Two Houses of Congress, Volume XXX, published by
the U.S. Government Printing Office, 1899. Copy courtesy of the U.S. Library of
Congress, Asian Division.
In this document, the Filipino revolutionary and politician Emilio Aguinaldo
responds to President McKinleys Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation. He
rejects American authority in the Philippines as well as the argument that the
U.S. is there for benevolent purposes. The document can be used as evidence
of resistance to U.S. imperialism

"The White Man's Burden by Rudyard Kipling - HistoryWiz Primary Source Imperialism in Africa and Asia." The White Man's Burden by Rudyard Kipling HistoryWiz Primary Source - Imperialism in Africa and Asia. Historywiz, n.d.
Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
This website offers the full text to the White Mans Burden by Rudyard
Kipling. This will help us explain this works significance regarding American
Imperialism.
Theodore Roosevelt's Annual Message to Congress for 1904; House Records HR
58A-K2; Records of the U.S. House of Representatives; Record Group 233; Center
for Legislative Archives; National Archives.
In this addition to the Monroe Doctrine, President Theodore Roosevelt
expands American influence in the Western Hemisphere by arguing that the
U.S. has the right to exercise its international police power in conflicts in
the region. The Corollary is consistent with Roosevelts policy of big stick
diplomacy and may be used as evidence of Americas growing imperialism
and interventionism.