Chelsea Upshaw

EDU 202
Educational Timeline
Oct. 2, 2015
1600's
Christopher lambs colonial classroom: in the colonial classrooms school was
thought to "save souls" and provide a path to heaven. Students learn to read and
write from the Bible and learned other religious lessons. Girls only attended school
for one or two years; Just long enough to learn how to read the Bible so they can be
better wives and mothers. They were lucky if they left school knowing how to write
their name.
Dame schools: Dame schools were taught by well respected women in their own
homes. For a small fee they would become the communities teacher.
Apprenticeships: an apprenticeship program rounded out a child's colonial
education. While boys sometimes as young as seven years of age, were sent to live
with masters who taught them a trade, girls typically learned homemaking skills
from their mothers. The Masters served in place of the child's parent.
Latin grammar schools: in 1635 the Puritans establish their first Latin grammar
school in Boston. The Boston Latin grammar school was a prep school for wealthy
boys between ages seven and 14. Within a year of the founding of the Boston Latin
grammar school, Harvard College was established specifically to prepare ministers.
Many consider the Boston Latin grammar school to be the first step on the road to
creating the American high school.
The Massachusetts law of 1647 (old diluter Satan law): the Puritans realized
a more formal structure of education that was needed because those acting as
educators varied in their competency at fulfilling the teaching role. This law required
that every town of 50 households must appoint and pay a teacher of reading and
writing. And that every town of 100 households must provide a grammar school to
prepare used for the University, under penalty for failure to do so. by 1680 such
laws had spread throughout most of New England.
1700's
A new nation shapes education: Thomas Jefferson wanted to go beyond
educating a small elite class or providing only religious instruction. Jefferson
believed that education should be more widely available to white children from all
economic and social classes.
A call for change in curriculum: Public citizens began to question the usefulness
of rudimentary skills taught in the school year of just three or four months. The

question the value of mastering Greek and Latin classics in the Latin grammar
schools, when practical skills were in short supply in the New World.
The Franklin Academy: in 1749 Benjamin Franklin pended proposals relating to
the use of Pennsylvania, suggesting a new kind of secondary school to replace the
Latin grammar school-called the Academy. Two years later The Franklin Academy
was established, free of religious influence and offering a variety of practical
subjects, including mathematics, astronomy, athletics, navigation, dramatics, and
bookkeeping. Students were able to chew some of the courses, the setting the
precedent for elective courses and programs at the secondary level.
Noah Webster's American Spelling book: Replaced the New England Primer as
the most commonly used elementary school textbook in 1783.
Land ordinance act of 1785 and the Northwest ordinance of 1787: Even
though the responsibility of educating Americans falls on the states and the federal
government found ways to influence education through acts such as these. These
acts required townships in the new leaf settled territories bounded by the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers and the Great Lakes to reserve a section of land for educational
purposes. The ordinances contained a much quoted sentence underscoring the new
nations face in education: "religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to
good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of
education shall forever be encouraged."
1800's
The common school: Horace Mann became the nation's leading advocate for
establishment of a common school open to all. Today, we noticed common school as
a public elementary school. The common school was established in response to the
many "common people" Such as immigrants, a small farmers, and urban laborers,
who all demanded greater educational access.
Normal schools: Horace Mann not only waged a battle for education to be more
widely available, but also for a high-quality education. He worked for effective
teacher training programs as well and promoted more significant teacher licensing
procedures. As a result of his efforts, several normal schools were founded in
Massachusetts, schools devoted to repairing teachers pedagogy, The best ways to
teach children.
Native American tribes-the history of miseducation: It is estimated that 50 to
1,000,000 Native Americans occupied both north and south America before
Columbus arrived. Within a relatively brief time following European arrival, more
than 90% of them would be dead from disease, starvation, and conquest. The
survivors in the US would soon experience what many describe as an attempt to kill

their culture through education. Church missionaries educated native people to

abandon their history and language to become civilized Christians. in 1820 the
federal government establish the bureau of Indian affairs (BIA) and begin placing
whole tribes of native people on reservations. The BIA continued to use education
as a tool of cultural conquest. Indian reservation some more white superintendents,
farm agents, teachers, inspectors, and Missionaries. Indian boarding schools were
established to assimilate young native Americans into the dominant European
American values: veneration of property, individual competition, European-style
domesticity, toil, and European standards address. When many Native Americans
refused to send their children to the schools arrests and kidnapping became
common practices enforcing Native American children to attend.
English classical school (aka public high school): Massachusetts the site of the
first tax-supported elementary schools in the first college in America (Harvard), was
also the site of the first secondary school. Established in Boston in 1821, the English
classical school in world 176 students (all boys); shortly thereafter, 76 students
dropped out. The Notion of a public high school was slow to take route. It was not
until 1852 the Boston was able to maintain a similar school for girls. The name of
the boys school was changed to English high school and even more simply, boys
high school, to have the size the more practical nature of the curriculum.
Kalamazoo, Michigan, case: A secondary school spread, they generally took the
form of private, tuition-charging academies. Citizen did not view the secondary
schools as we do today, as a free and natural extension of elementary education. A
major stumbling block to the creation of free high schools was public assistance to
paying additional school taxes. In 1874 the courts ruled the taxes could be used to
support secondary schools. In Michigan, citizens already had access to free
elementary schools and a state-supported university. The courts all lack of
rationality in not for writing a bridge between the two.
Plessy vs. Ferguson: Supreme Court decision in 1896 that supported racially
separate, but equal schools.
1900's
A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform: in the 1983 report of the
national commission on excellence in education it cited declining test scores, the
week performance of US students compared with students in other industrialized
nations, the fear that the United States is losing ground economically to other
countries, and the high number of functionally illiterate Americans. You nation at
risk foot school reform it in the national spotlight. In response to the airport, states
increased the number of course requirements needed for graduation and required
more testing of both students and teachers. Today, decades later, even more
important has been given to these tests.

Progressive education: John Dewey it was possibly the most influential educator
of the 20th century, and probably the most controversial one. Some saw him as a
savior of US schools; others accused him of nearly destroying them. Either way do
we was closely linked with progressive education. Progressive education includes
several components. First, it broadens the schools program to include health
concerns, family and community life issues, and a concern for vocational education.
Second, progressivism applies new research in psychology and the social sciences
to classroom practices. Third, progressivism emphasizes a more democratic
educational approach, accepting the interests and needs of an increasingly diverse
student body. Elements of progressive education can still be found in many schools
today.
The end of the war: as World War II drew to a close the United States found itself
the most powerful nation on earth. For the remainder of the 20th century, the US
reconstructed a war-ravage global economy while confronting world communism. In
fact, the United States viewed education as an important tool in accomplishing
these strategic goals.
Black Americans and the struggle for a chance to learn: while the civil war
brought an end to policies of compulsory ignorance and an affirmation of black
people's belief in the power of education there was still much to be desired. Many
white southerners responded to the education of blocks with fear and anger.
Sometimes they were terrorism against block schools. State after state pass laws
that explicitly provided for segregated schools. The court developed the doctrine of
separate but equal, But separate never really was equal. In 1954 in the brown
versus board of education case the courts decided that schools must desegregate
"with all deliberate speed". That phrase was met with vast interpretations. Nearly a
decade after the rolling almost 91% of all African-American children in the south still
attended all-black schools.
National Defense education act (and DEA): When the Soviets launched
Sputnik, for example the government enlisted the nation schools in meeting at that
new challenge. Consequently, Congress passed the national Defense education act
in 1958 to enhance "the security of the nation" and to develop "the mental
resources and technical skills of its young men and women". The NDEA supported
the improvement of instruction and curriculum development, Sunday teacher
training programs, and provided loans and scholarships for college students that
allow them to major in subjects deemed important to the national defense (Such as
teaching).
Title IX: in 1972 Title IX Prohibits sex discrimination in all schools. This is commonly
thought of in consideration to athletics, but the law prohibits gender discrimination

in administration, treatment of students, counseling, financial aid, employment, and

health benefits.
Public Law 94-142: Education for all Handicapped Children Act is passed in 1975.
This act was later renamed individuals with disabilities Education Act. This provides
financial assistance to local school districts to provide free and appropriate
education for the nation's 8 million children who have disabilities.
2000's
No Child left behind: In 2001 President George W. Bush passed this act which
revises the elementary and secondary education act of 1965 and calls for standards
and annual testing of math, reading, and science. Schools that test poorly face the
possibility of being closed and teachers being fired.
NCLB modified: In 2011 the government modified the No Child Left Behind Act to
allow states greater freedom in evaluating students and teachers.