Running head: PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

Introversion Versus Extraversion: How an Individuals Personality Type Influences

Their Comfort Level in Social Situations
Briana Gottberg
Sydney Lytle
Nicole McCurry
Tyler Conley
Lenoir Rhyne University

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

Introversion Versus Extraversion: How an Individuals Personality Type Influences Their

Comfort Level in Social Situations
How does an individuals personality influence their level of comfort in social
situations? This is an important research topic in psychology because making a
connection between a certain personality type and a discomfort about social interaction
can potentially be useful to employers. The findings could also be useful to the
individuals with the identified personality type associated with discomfort and allow
them to understand themselves better and potentially change unwanted behavior.
Past studies found that individual traits like shyness and social inhibition have a
positive correlation with higher levels of social anxiety (Asendorpf, 1989; Pilkonis, 1977;
Kupper & Denollet, 2014). Other studies examined the relationship between certain
personality traits from the Big Five Factor Personality Inventory and their effect on
interactions in a social situation (Hilbig, Glckner, & Zettler, 2014; Leikas, Lnnqvist, &
Verkasalo, 2012; Lucas & Diener, 2001; Ten Berge & De Raad, 2002). The traits of the
Big Five that were most commonly researched were conscientiousness and
agreeableness. These personality traits were found to have an effect on social conflict. A
large amount of data supports the idea that people who are more conscientious are found
to handle situations of interpersonal conflict well when dealing with a quarrelsome
conversation (Leikas, Lnnqvist, & Verkasalo, 2012; Ten Berge & De Raad, 2002).
Research continued to find links between traits of the Big Five and social interaction.
Personality characteristics like conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion affect
aspects of interaction such as social adjustment, number of peer relationships, conflict
with peers, and falling in love (Asendorpf & Wilpers, 1998; Asendorpf, Denissen, & van

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

Aken, 2008; Poorthuis et. al., 2014). Specific traits of the Big Five have been examined
to see which traits are found to be more inclined to interact socially with others. People
with high agreeableness are found to be more likely to engage in social interaction than
other factors of the Big Five (Lodi-Smith & Roberts, 2012). When the link between
personality types and prosocial behavior was explored, researchers found a correlation.
Both agreeableness and the general personality factor (GFP) are found to be associated
with certain aspects of prosocial behavior and helping other within a social context
(Hilbig, Glckner, & Zettler, 2014; Van der Linden et. al., 2014). Much research has been
done studying the correlations between the Big Five Personality Inventory and
components of social interaction and communication. Very few studies look for the
correlations between comfortability with social interaction and being an introvert or an
extravert.
When looking at introversion and extraversion it has been found that in extraverts
generally rate different social interactions as more pleasant than introverts do (Lucas &
Diener, 2001). The current study seeks to expand the limited research on this topic and
discover a connection between an individuals score on the NEO
Introversion/Extraversion scale and their self-reported comfort with different social
situations. Explicitly, we will be looking at how an individuals personality type
influences their level of comfort in social situations. We are operationally defining
personality type as the recorded score on the NEO Introversion/Extraversion scale. We
are defining the individuals comfort in social situations as their self-reported comfort on
a Likert scale from 1 (completely comfortable) to 5 (completely uncomfortable) in
response to three vignettes. We hypothesize that individuals who are rated higher on the

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

introversion scale will report more discomfort during social situations on the self-report
vignettes. In contrast, individuals who are rated higher on the extraversion scale will
report less discomfort during social situations on the self-report vignettes.
Method
Participants
A representative sample of college-aged individuals will be recruited through
informational flyers posted on the campus of Lenoir Rhyne University. A total of two
hundred participants between the ages of 18 and 25 years will be selected to take part in
this study. Any participant who does not complete both the NEO
Introversion/Extraversion scale and the self-report vignettes will be excluded from the
final analysis.
Materials
For this study, each participant will be given an informed consent form (see
Appendix A) before proceeding to the other assessments. The NEO
Introversion/Extraversion scale (see Appendix B) will be used to assess the participants
personality type. A self-report assessment containing three vignettes (see Appendix C)
was created for this study to measure the individuals predicted level of comfort in social
situations. A final analysis will include three t-tests of independent means to test for
correlations between the variables.
Procedure
The participants will be given an informed consent form outlining the details and
purpose of this study. If they wish to proceed, the researcher will then conduct the NEO
Introversion/Extraversion scale with the participant. The results of the NEO will then be

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

analyzed and each participant will be categorized into either an introverted or extraverted
sample group. The participant will then be asked to complete a self-report measure of
comfort level in social situations. The self-report measure will require the participant to
rate their level of comfort on a Likert scale from 1 (completely comfortable) to 5
(completely uncomfortable) in response to three vignettes. A t-test of independent means
will be used for each vignette to test for correlations between the individuals personality
type (introverted/extraverted) and their level of comfort in social situations. A final
analysis will look at the results from each t-test and compare them between the categories
of introverts and extraverts.
Anticipated Results
Separate t-tests of independent means will be conducted for each vignette to
analyze the relationship between the vignette and the individuals score on the
Introversion/Extraversion scale. We expect our research to confirm our hypothesis that
individuals who are rated higher on the introversion scale will report more discomfort on
the social situations vignettes while those who are rated higher on the extraversion scale
will report less discomfort on the social situations vignettes.
Implications and Limitations
The results from this study will contribute to the research of personality types and
their influence on an individuals comfort level in social situations. This information can
be used in order to better understand how introversion and extraversion influence a
persons behavior. Confirmation of our hypothesis would mean that introverts tend to feel
more uncomfortable in social situations than their counterparts. Employers may use this
knowledge when looking for potential employees or an individual may use it to make

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

necessary changes in their behavior if needed. The population from this study reflects
college-aged individuals and the results may not reflect that of the general population.
Convenient sampling was used for this study to recruit participants and is therefore
reflected in our population. Future research in this area should focus on larger
populations to ensure that the results are more generalizable. Another limitation to this
study is the uncertainty of the validity and reliability of the created self-report measure of
comfort level in social situations. In order to test the specific variable of social situations,
we felt it necessary to create a new type of measurement that could be used for future
studies. It is suggested that this measurement be re-tested in future research to confirm its
validity and reliability.

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

References
Asendorpf, J. B. (1989). Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of
inhibition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(3), 481-492.
Retrieved from
https://www.psychologie.huberlin.de/de/prof/per/pdf/twofactormodel.pdf
Asendorpf, J. B., Denissen, J. A., & van Aken, M. G. (2008). Inhibited and aggressive
preschool children at 23 years of age: Personality and social transitions into
adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 997-1011. doi:10.1037/00121649.44.4.997
Asendorpf, J. B., & Wilpers, S. (1998). Personality effects on social relationships.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1531-1544. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologie.hu-berlin.de/de/prof/per/pdf/pereff.pdf
Berge, T., M. A., & De Raad, B. (2002). The structure of situations from a personality
perspective. European Journal Of Personality, 16(2), 81-102.
Hilbig, B. E., Glckner, A., & Zettler, I. (2014). Personality and prosocial behavior:
Linking basic traits and social value orientations. Journal Of Personality And
Social Psychology, 107(3), 529-539. doi:10.1037/a0036074
Kupper, N., & Denollet, J. (2014). Type D personality is associated with social anxiety in
the general population. International Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 21(3), 496505. doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9350-x
Leikas, S., Lnnqvist, J., & Verkasalo, M. (2012). Persons, situations, and behaviors:
Consistency and variability of different behaviors in four interpersonal situations.
Journal Of Personality & Social Psychology, 103(6), 1007-1022.

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

Lodi-Smith, J., & Roberts, B. W. (2012). Concurrent and prospective relationships

between social engagement and personality traits in older adulthood. Psychology
and Aging, 27(3), 720-727. doi:10.1037/a0027044
Lucas, R. E., & Diener, E. (2001). Understanding Extraverts' Enjoyment of Social
Situations:The Importance of Pleasantness. Journal Of Personality & Social
Psychology, 81(2), 343-356.
Pilkonis, P. A. (1977). Shyness, public and private, and its relationship to other measures
of social behavior. Journal Of Personality, 45(4), 585-595. doi:10.1111/j.14676494.1977.tb00173.x
Poorthuis, A. G., Thomaes, S., Denissen, J. A., van Aken, M. G., & Orobio de Castro, B.
(2014). Personality in action: Can brief behavioral personality tests predict
childrens academic and social adjustment across the transition to secondary
school?. European Journal Of Psychological Assessment, 30(3), 169-177.
doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000186
Van der Linden, D., Oostrom, J. K., Born, M. P., Van der Molen, H. T., & Serlie, A. W.
(2014). Knowing what to do in social situations: The general factor of personality
and performance on situational judgment tests. Journal Of Personnel Psychology,
13(2), 107-115. doi:10.1027/1866-5888/a000113

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

Appendix A
Informed Consent Form
Lenoir Rhyne University
Department of Psychology (2015)
Informed Consent for Participants
Study Name:
Principal Investigator:
Faculty Supervisor:
_________________
_________________
_________________
PLEASE READ THIS DOCUMENT CAREFULLY. YOUR SIGNATURE IS REQUIRED FOR
PARTICIPATION. YOU MUST BE AT LEAST 18 YEARS OF AGE TO GIVE YOUR CONSENT
TO PARTICIPATE IN RESEARCH. IF YOU DESIRE A COPY OF THIS CONSENT FORM, YOU
MAY REQUEST ONE AND WE WILL PROVIDE IT.
The policy of the Department of Psychology is that all research participation in the Department is
voluntary, and you have the right to withdraw at any time, without prejudice, should you object to the
nature of the research. You are entitled to ask questions and to receive an explanation after your
participation.
Description of the Study:
This is a research study in which different kinds of psychological tests and measures are being
evaluated. To do this, we will ask you to do the following: complete the NEO
Introversion/Extraversion scale to measure your personality type, and complete a self-report measure
of comfort level in social situations where you will be required to rate your level of comfort using a
Likert scale from 1 (completely comfortable) to 5 (completely uncomfortable) in response to three
different vignettes.
Nature of Participation:
You will participate in these two assessments which will be administered to you in the same session.
Purpose of this study:
To evaluate several psychological tests and measures, and the possible relations between them. This
means we want to find out some general information about the usefulness of personality type and how
people react and behave in social situations. We are only interested in an evaluation of these variables,
and how they are related to one another. We are NOT interested in any specific individual.
Possible Risks:
a) When completing the assessments you may come across a question or answer choice that you find
unpleasant, upsetting, or otherwise objectionable. For instance, a few of the questions may cause you
to think about negative emotional states.
b) You may feel that you have performed poorly on a test. For many of the activities, tests and
questionnaires we are evaluating, there is no right or wrong answers. However, for some activities, it
is to be expected that some people will do better than others on some of the tests. We encourage you to
discuss this with the test administrator during the debriefing period, when all procedures have
finished.
c) You will be asked to provide confidential information about yourself.
Possible Benefits:
a) When your participation is complete, you will be given an opportunity to learn about this research,
which may be useful to you in your course or in understanding yourself and others.
b) You will have an opportunity to contribute to psychological science by participating in this
research.
Confidentiality:
You will be assigned a code number which will protect your identity. All data will be kept in secured
files, in accord with the standards of the University, Federal regulations, and the American
Psychological Association. All identifying information will be removed from assessments as soon as
your participation is complete. No one will be able to know which ones are your questionnaire
responses. Finally, remember that it is no individual person's responses that interest us; we are
studying the usefulness of the tests in question for people in general.
Opportunities to Question:

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

Any technical questions about this research may be directed to:

Principal Investigator:_______________________
Phone: ________
Opportunities to withdraw at will:
If you decide now or at any point to withdraw this consent or stop participating, you are free to do so
at no penalty to yourself. You are free to skip specific questions and continue participating at no
penalty.
Your signature below indicates that you voluntarily agree to participate in this study.
Dated this ______________ day of (month) _____________, 20__
__________________________
Signature of Participant

__________________________
Signature of Person Obtaining Consent

10

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

11

Appendix B
IPIP-NEO Short Form
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

Worry about things.

Very
Inaccurate
Make friends easily.
Very
Inaccurate
Have a vivid
Very
imagination.
Inaccurate
Trust others.
Very
Inaccurate
Complete tasks
Very
successfully.
Inaccurate
Get angry easily.
Very
Inaccurate
Love large parties.
Very
Inaccurate
Believe in the
Very
importance of art.
Inaccurate
Use others for my own Very
ends.
Inaccurate
Like to tidy up.
Very
Inaccurate
Often feel blue.
Very
Inaccurate
Take charge.
Very
Inaccurate
Experience my
Very
emotions intensely.
Inaccurate
Love to help others.
Very
Inaccurate
Keep my promises.
Very
Inaccurate
Find it difficult to
Very
approach others.
Inaccurate
Am always busy.
Very
Inaccurate
Prefer variety to
Very
routine.
Inaccurate
Love a good fight.
Very
Inaccurate
Work hard.
Very
Inaccurate
Go on binges.
Very
Inaccurate
Love excitement.
Very
Inaccurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

39.
40.

41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.

Love to read
challenging material.
Believe that I am better
than others.
Am always prepared.

Very
Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate
Panic easily.
Very
Inaccurate
Radiate joy.
Very
Inaccurate
Tend to vote for liberal Very
political candidates.
Inaccurate
Sympathize with the
Very
homeless.
Inaccurate
Jump into things
Very
without thinking.
Inaccurate
Fear for the worst.
Very
Inaccurate
Feel comfortable
Very
around people.
Inaccurate
Enjoy wild flights of
Very
fantasy.
Inaccurate
Believe that others have Very
good intentions.
Inaccurate
Excel in what I do.
Very
Inaccurate
Get irritated easily.
Very
Inaccurate
Talk to a lot of different Very
people at parties.
Inaccurate
See beauty in things
Very
that others might not
Inaccurate
notice.
Cheat to get ahead.
Very
Inaccurate
Often forget to put
Very
things back in their
Inaccurate
proper place.
Dislike myself.
Very
Inaccurate
Try to lead others.
Very
Inaccurate
Feel others' emotions. Very
Inaccurate
Am concerned about
Very
others.
Inaccurate
Tell the truth.
Very
Inaccurate
Am afraid to draw
Very

12

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.

60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.

attention to myself.
Am always on the go.

Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate
Prefer to stick with
Very
things that I know.
Inaccurate
Yell at people.
Very
Inaccurate
Do more than what's
Very
expected of me.
Inaccurate
Rarely overindulge.
Very
Inaccurate
Seek adventure.
Very
Inaccurate
Avoid philosophical
Very
discussions.
Inaccurate
Think highly of myself. Very
Inaccurate
Carry out my plans.
Very
Inaccurate
Become overwhelmed Very
by events.
Inaccurate
Have a lot of fun.
Very
Inaccurate
Believe that there is no Very
absolute right or wrong. Inaccurate
Feel sympathy for those Very
who are worse off than Inaccurate
myself.
Make rash decisions. Very
Inaccurate
Am afraid of many
Very
things.
Inaccurate
Avoid contacts with
Very
others.
Inaccurate
Love to daydream.
Very
Inaccurate
Trust what people say. Very
Inaccurate
Handle tasks smoothly. Very
Inaccurate
Lose my temper.
Very
Inaccurate
Prefer to be alone.
Very
Inaccurate
Do not like poetry.
Very
Inaccurate
Take advantage of
Very
others.
Inaccurate
Leave a mess in my
Very

13

Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.

84.
85.
86.
87.
88.

89.

90.
91.
92.
93.

room.
Am often down in the
dumps.
Take control of things.

Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate
Rarely notice my
Very
emotional reactions.
Inaccurate
Am indifferent to the Very
feelings of others.
Inaccurate
Break rules.
Very
Inaccurate
Only feel comfortable Very
with friends.
Inaccurate
Do a lot in my spare
Very
time.
Inaccurate
Dislike changes.
Very
Inaccurate
Insult people.
Very
Inaccurate
Do just enough work to Very
get by.
Inaccurate
Easily resist
Very
temptations.
Inaccurate
Enjoy being reckless. Very
Inaccurate
Have difficulty
Very
understanding abstract Inaccurate
ideas.
Have a high opinion of Very
myself.
Inaccurate
Waste my time.
Very
Inaccurate
Feel that I'm unable to Very
deal with things.
Inaccurate
Love life.
Very
Inaccurate
Tend to vote for
Very
conservative political Inaccurate
candidates.
Am not interested in
Very
other people's
Inaccurate
problems.
Rush into things.
Very
Inaccurate
Get stressed out easily. Very
Inaccurate
Keep others at a
Very
distance.
Inaccurate
Like to get lost in
Very

14

Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

Moderately
Inaccurate

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Moderately
Accurate

Very
Accurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.

104.
105.
106.

107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.

thought.
Distrust people.

Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate
Know how to get things Very
done.
Inaccurate
Am not easily annoyed. Very
Inaccurate
Avoid crowds.
Very
Inaccurate
Do not enjoy going to Very
art museums.
Inaccurate
Obstruct others' plans. Very
Inaccurate
Leave my belongings Very
around.
Inaccurate
Feel comfortable with Very
myself.
Inaccurate
Wait for others to lead Very
the way.
Inaccurate
Don't understand
Very
people who get
Inaccurate
emotional.
Take no time for others. Very
Inaccurate
Break my promises.
Very
Inaccurate
Am not bothered by
Very
difficult social
Inaccurate
situations.
Like to take it easy.
Very
Inaccurate
Am attached to
Very
conventional ways.
Inaccurate
Get back at others.
Very
Inaccurate
Put little time and effort Very
into my work.
Inaccurate
Am able to control my Very
cravings.
Inaccurate
Act wild and crazy.
Very
Inaccurate
Am not interested in
Very
theoretical discussions. Inaccurate
Boast about my virtues. Very
Inaccurate
Have difficulty starting Very
tasks.
Inaccurate
Remain calm under
Very
pressure.
Inaccurate

15

Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

117.
118.
119.
120.

Look at the bright side

of life.
Believe that we should
be tough on crime.
Try not to think about
the needy.
Act without thinking.

Very
Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate
Very
Inaccurate

Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate
Moderately
Inaccurate

Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate
Neither Accurate
Nor Inaccurate

16
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate
Moderately
Accurate

Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate
Very
Accurate

PERSONALITY TYPE AND SOCIAL SITUATIONS

17

Appendix C
Self-Report Measure of Comfort Level in Social Situations
1. On a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being entirely uncomfortable and 5 being totally
comfortable, rate your level of discomfort in a one-on-one conversation with a
stranger.
1

Completely
Uncomfortable

Kind of
Uncomfortable

Neutral

Kind of
Comfortable

Completely
Comfortable

2. On a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being entirely uncomfortable and 5 being totally

comfortable, rate your level of discomfort in a situation where you go to a dinner
party of 12 people and you only know 1 person.
1

Completely
Uncomfortable

Kind of
Uncomfortable

Neutral

Kind of
Comfortable

Completely
Comfortable

3. On a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being entirely uncomfortable and 5 being totally

comfortable, rate your level of discomfort if you were to go to a Halloween party
of a hundred people and you dont know anyone at the party.
1

Completely
Uncomfortable

Kind of
Uncomfortable

Neutral

Kind of
Comfortable

Completely
Comfortable