Elementary Turkish Kurtulus Oztopgu Tuirk Dilleri Arasurmalan Dizisi: 43 Edited by Mehmet Olmez Email: molmez@yildiz.edu.tr tda_dizisi@yahoo.com Tel.: (90.212) 383 44.47 © Kurtulus Oztopgu, 2006 First Printing 2006 Revised Second Edition in two volumes 2009 All rights reserved. No portioa of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Oxtopgu, Kurtulus, 1950- Elementary Turkish / Kurtulus Oztopgu Includes index and appendices. ISBN 978-975-7981-40-4 1. Turkish language ~ Textbook. 2, Turkish language -- Elementary Turkish, E-mails; kurtulus6@ msn.com kurtulus.oztopeu@ gmail.com Web sites: www.clementaryturkish.com Wwww.oztopeu.com Kebikeg Yayinlan-Sanat Kitabevi Esat Cad. Haciyolu Sok. 3/A 06640 Kagakesat-Ankara / Turkey Tel, (90.312) 425 93 76 Tel, (90.312) 425 93 77 Certifcate Number: 1207-06-009413 www.sanatkitabevi.com.tr Printed by: Kitap Matbaasi, istanbul, Turkey Tel.: (90.212) 482.99 10To my beloved daughters Ozden and Géneng Sevgili kizlarom Ozden ve Gineng'e | i 4 iContents Acknowledgments Preface Plan of the book Introduction Abbreviations and symbols Unit 1: Alphabet and pronunciation ‘Unit 2: Merhaba! (Hi!) Unit 3: Merhaba, adim Ergin Aksu, (Hello, Tm Ergin Aksu.) Unit 4: Nerelisiniz? (Where are you from?) Unit 6: Ne yapryorsun? (What are you doing?) Unit 7; Bu yakinlarda banka var mi? (Is there a bank near here?) Unit 8: Evli misiniz? (Are you married?) Unit 9: Selam Ozge, nereden geliyorsun? (Hi Ozge, where are you coming from?) Unit 11: Ali, saat kag? (Ali, what time is it?) Unit 12: Spor yapryor musun? (Do you play sports?) Unit 13: Magaza ne zaman agiltyor? (When does the store open?) Unit 14: Affedersiniz, otobts duragi nerede? (Excuse me. Where is the bus stop?) Unit 15: Review of Units 11-14 Answer Key to Listening Sections Answer Key to Exercises Turkish-English Glossary English-Turkish Reverse Glossary Index vii vii xviii 15 39 69 93 103 129 153, 17 205 213 239 269 299 329 39 340 350 362 317Acknowledgments Tam greatly indebied to the following people without whose support this textbook would not have been realized in its present form: Fatma Atike, my long time dear friend, for going over the book, comparing English and Turkish parts, making editorial changes, and suggesting changes related to layout and format issues; Ms. Leyla Ezdinli, for her excellent and meticulous editing of the book, and for suggesting changes related to layout and format issues; Dr. Yusuf Azmun, an eminent Turkologist at the European University at Lefke, Cyprus, for going over the manuscript and providing excellent suggestions and corrections; Mehmet Stireyya Er, a cultural historian who is currently teaching Turkish at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, for going over the book and providing many useful and important suggestions; Gzden Oztopgu,. my daughter, for going over some sections of the manuscript and checking the translations; Prof. Mehmet Glmez, an eminent Turkologist at Yildiz University, in Istanbul, Turkey, for publishing the book in the Turk Dilleri Aragtrmalart Dizisi; Ozden and Géneng Gztopcu, my lovely daughters, to whom this book is dedicated, for making everything that I do worthwhile and pleasurable; and, last but not least, Aynur Oztopen, ay cof thirty-thres years, for her conti support, without which it would not have been possible to pursue my academic and intellectual life. Naturally, I take full responsibility for any shortcomings that the book contains. ‘Your comments and suggestions for improvements in subsequent editions are welcomed and can be sent to: kurtulus6@msn.com or kurtulus.oztopcu@gmail.com The book can be purchased at www.elementaryturkish.com ‘You can also visit www.oztopeu.com for information on other works of mine, Kurtulus Oztopgu viiiPreface ‘Turkish is one of the less commonly taught languages. Textbooks, dictionaries, audio-visual aids, literary materials, computer programs, and other teaching materials in these languages are usually rather limited. Students rarely have an opportunity to practice outside of the classroom, and thus, they do aot have adequate reinforcement. Although teaching materials for Turkish have increased in recent years, their number is still less than satisfactory, I hope this set of learning materials will be a contribution to the field and will provide instructors and Jeamers with another tool Elementary Turkish consists of « set of two textbooks each containing an audio CD. These textbooks are designed to provide beginning students with sufficient Turkish to meet most of their everyday needs. Ouce students finish these two volumes, they should be able to speak, understand, read, and write Turkish at the level of intermediate-mid specified in AATT's (American Association of Teachers of Turkic Languages) Provisional Proficiency Guidelines for Turkish. Learners of a new language are usually interested in developing all four basic language skills, speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Depending upon their interest in the new language and their purpose in learning it, one or more of these skills may be emphasized. ‘To address this, I have developed a method that is somewhat eclectic, one incorporating different aspects of various language teaching methodologics. ‘The Method Basic features of this method include the following: It is cyclical: materials presented in one unit recur in the same or expanded form, in the subsequent unit(s) It is frequency based: materials chosen are comprised of high-frequency words, idioms, expressions, and grammatical structures. + The language used is not artificial, but natural, avoiding contrived expressions. + Grammar is graded, moving from simple to more complex elements. The grammar sections are expanded to facilitate the learners’ needs. * Units are based on conversations. All materials in each unit are designed to complement and elaborate on these conversations * Functional and communicative features are given priority Culture is treated as an integral part of the language and the language-learning process. + At the end of each book, there is an Answer Key to Exercises to support learners who are studying Turkish on their own. + An English translation is provided for each conversation and sample sentence for leamers Who do not have the benefit of having an instructor or a tutor.Preface Audience While they can be used as self-study aids, these textbooks have been developed principally to be used in a classroom under the direction and supervision of a qualified instructor. Each volume is intended to correspond to half an academic year of semi-intensive stwdy, with five to six hours of classroom instruction per week (roughly 75 classroom hours total). The variety of Turkish presented in these textbooks corresponds to standard Turkish, the official language of the Republic of Turkey and the language spoken by educated Turkish speakers ‘ourse Description ‘The set of teaching materials consists of two textbooks each containing an audio CD. The audio CD of the first volume contains recordings of the alphabet, all of the conversations, and the listening sections. Each volume contains fifteen units, including a review unit after every four units. Hach main unit includes one or more core conversations around which the other sections of the unit are built, short dialogues to illustrate grammar points, several detailed grammar points, substitution drills, class activities, exercises, reading texts, listening and writing sections, and finally a section of exercises. Many units also include cultural notes, games, translation exercises, and sections on pronunciation, phonology, morphology, and lexicon, Each main unit focuses on specific social functions and grammar points and revolves around particular topics. The content of each unit is specified in the book's plan that follows the preface. Conversations an topics spec’ 8 of the wait, The language of these conversations is natural, including vocabulary and phrases encountered in everyday usage, Yel, the language is somewhat simplified, especially in the earlier units. Most conversations are short and can be memorized easily. An English translation is provided for cach conversation. Every core conversation in the book is recorded so that students can listen to them repeatedly. Conversations are usually complemented by supplementary vocabulary, useful expressions, cultural notes, and drills, Various drills, such as transtormation, translation, substitution, or response drills follow each conversation. These drills are based heavily on the frequently-used language patterns encountered in previous conversations. Each grammar point covers one particular grammatical item, and grammatical explanations are further strengthened by exercises and examples in Turkish. An English translation of each sample sentence is also provided. Since Turkish grammar is fundamentally different from English grammar, explanations tend to be more detailed than those given in other language textbooks. It should be pointed out, however, that the grammar points are not necessarily comprehensive, A short conversation of two sometimes precede a particular grammar point t0 focus the students’ attention on it and to make the point easier to grasp. Substitution drills are an important means for going over the topical or grammatical material presented in conversations. Repetitive drills allow students to practice important patterns Through repetition, students acquire the skills to generate similar structures spontaneously The substitution cues are in Turkish in the first ten units and in English in the remaining fivePreface Class activities can include exercises the student can practice alone or with a partner, group work, role-playing, and games to be performed by two or more students. Many of these activities are designed to enhance the students’ speaking and functional abilities. Reading texts were created specifically for this textbook. Most of the reading passages enhanee the grammatical and topical points covered in the same or previous units, but the difficulty level of the language used in the reading passages tends to be higher than that used in other sections of the same unit. Many if not all passages are followed by one or more reading comprehension exercises, Each unit has at least one listening section, which is recorded. Listening sections provide important and fun ways for students fo strengthen their listening skills, Cultural notes include important information about Turkish culture. These notes are most valuable for those who have never been to Turkey but who intend to go there after they acquire basic Turkish language skills. Many of these notes also provide native vocabulary items related to a particular topic. Since language is a means of expression in a specific cultural setting, it is important for students to familiarize themselves with the Turkish cultural values expressed through the Turkish language. Bach unit includes at least one writing section to further the students’ writing abilities. Often the writing sections follow written samples, and they are based on either the topic or the ‘grammar point covered in the unit Many units provide phonological rules and pronunciation patterns in the pronunciation sections. This is in addition to what is covered in Unit 1, which contains extensive information on the ieters, sounds, and pronunciation features of Turkish. ‘Word focus sections are about Turkish vocabulary in general, Detailed explanations on many commonly used words or derivative suffixes are included in these sections. Dearth of English cognates makes it harder for the student to acquire a sizable Turkish vocabulary in a short period of time. Word focus sections are designed to help students address this challenge Vocabulary is given particular importance. Vocabulary lists provided at the end of each unit introduce the new words in that particular unit, Students are urged to memorize these new words, Functions covered in a unit may be presented in conversations, texts, or other materials, or they may be introduced seperately. Most functions, grammar points, and (opics covered in this book are compatible with those addressed in AATT's LLF Interim Report. Games used in the classtoom setting are educational as well as fun. There are a number of exercises within each unit. There is also a separate section of exercises at the end of each unit. Many exercises are mechanical, and some are communicative in nature. There are at least two translation exercises in each unit. All of the exercises in a unit relate to points covered in that unit, Students can work on the exercises in the classroom, right after related topics or grammar points have been discussed. The instructor can ‘also assign these exercises to students as homework. xiPreface Each review unit is designed to reinforce the topics, in the preceding four units. Review units include ei those found at the end of each main unit functions, and grammar points covered ighteen to twenty-five exercises similar to The Answer Key to Listening Sections includes the correct answers to the listening comprehension exercises The Answer Key to Exercises section at the end of the book Provides answers to the hundreds of exercises included in this book, ‘The Turkish-English Glossary, which includes about 700 words, was created by consulting several most-frequently-used Turkish w ord lists, including the one produced by AATT. ‘The English-Turkish Glossary mirrors the Turkish-English glossary, providing easy access to the Turkish vocabulary items, The Index facilitates searching for grammatical structures, Turkish suffixes. semantic categories, and important Notes ‘Translations. Each English translation provided for conversation and saraple sentences is foushly equivalent to jis Turkish original, If an English translation is widely differen i Srautimar or vocabulary than its Turkish original, then a feral (lit. ..] equivalent of the ‘Turkish original is usually added, Turkish n the word Jira is used to refer to the Turkish it of Turkey. Note, however, that during the 2005 and December 31, 2008, the official monetary unit the New Turkish Lira. Writing rules and punctuation. The latest guidelines on writing rules and punctuation for Turkish, regulated by Titrk Dil Kurume (Turkish Language Society), are followedPlan of the book Unit 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation Unit 2 EPEEHEHEtHEH + Greetings + Greeting people + Vowel harmony - I + Farewells * Saying goodbye + Personal pronouns + Naming objects in + Asking about health and | + Present tense statements with the classroom well-being the verb fo be + Thanks + Demonstratives + Apologizing + Negation with degil + Negation of the present tense verb 10 be + The conjunctions ve, ile, ama Unit3 ee * Introductions + Introducing oneself + Vowel harmony - IL + Names + Introducing other people | + Plurals of nouns * Greetings + Asking for and giving + Forming questions + Numbers personal information * Question words: nekim , nasil + Locations * Greeting people + Yes / No questions with the + Asking yes /mo questions | present tense verb fo be + Asking directions * The locative case + Expressing location + Nerede, burada, surada, orada + Long consonants + The derivative suffixes#HL , +sIz Unit 4 + Nationalities + Introductions + The derivative suffix +11 *Cities and countries » Asking people where they | * Consonant alternations: + Colors are from -p,-$, +t, -k in final position + Expressing possession + The genitive case + Asking for and giving + The interrogative pronoun: personal information Kimin + Possessive suffixes + The particle dA. *+ Or questions with the verb to be + The infinitive Unit 5: Review of Units 1-4 xivPlan of the Book Unit 6 eee use + Activities + Asking about activities | + Finite verbs + Education + Describing activities + Negation + Addresses + Asking for and giving __| + The present progressive tense + Occupations personal information (affirmative, negative) + Exchanging addresses | + The dative case and phone numbers + The derivative suffix +CI Unit 7 ie eH ase + Locations + Asking about locations | +Var / yok sentences + Home + Describing locations + The verb to have + Activities + Expressing possession | ‘+ Kag and tane + Shopping. + Talking about food and | + The imperative + Age prices + Giving orders + Making requests + Asking about activities » Describing activities + Asking about age Unit 8 - + Families + Asking about and | + Negative questions with the verb + Relatives describing families tobe + Activities + Asking about activities | + The present progressive tense, + Deseribing activities the interrogative + Asking about wishes | + -mAK iste~ + Expressing wishes + Adjectives * Describing persons and | + Medial vowel loss objects + The derivative suffix +IIK Unit 9 + Languages + Speaking about language | + The derivative suffix +CA + Daily activities skills + The ablative case * Leisure activities + Asking for personal + The accusative case + Entertainment information + Definite and indefinite direct + Talking about leisure activities hoslan-, ' + Asking about likes, dislikes + Vowel lengthening in word + Describing likes, dislikes | stems + Talking ebout hobbies | + European loanwords in Turkish Unit 10: Review of Units 6-9 xvPlan of the Book. Unit 11 + Dates and times + Units of time, days, months, seasons + Daily activities + Cultural events + Entertainment FUNCTIONS ‘GRAMMAR + Asking the time + Adverbs of time + Telling the time + The genitive-possessive + Making daily / weekly schedules + Talking about time-related activities + Talking about cultural events compound + Compound nouns + The buffer consonant m Unit 12 = Sports and exercise + Recreation + Prices and shopping + Numbers + Daily activities + Asking about and describing sports activities + Asking about likes, dislikes + Describing likes, dislikes + Asking about prices +The definite past tense (affirmative and negative) + Ordinal numbers + Review of case endings + Primary postpositions ile, igin + Birthdays + Buying and selling things + Bargaining + Talking about past events + Celebrating birthdays Unit 13 + Prices and shopping + Asking about prices + Verbal nouns -mAK, -mA + Daily activities + Buying and selling things | + Expressions of necessity: + Education + Bargaining gerek, lazim, gerek-, ihtiyag, + Birthdays + Expressing needs ihtiyact ol- + Primary postpositions gibi, kadar Unit 14 + Places + Asking about activities + Secondary postpositions + Directions + Asking about the location | + The future tense + Transportation of places + Primary postpositions doen + Future events + Describing location of gore | places + Pronunciation of initial + Asking for directions consonant clusters + Giving directions * Getting someone's attention + Talking about future events : Review of Units 11-14 xviIntroduction Turkish is one of the major languages of the world, with over 70 million speakers. It is the official language of the Republic of Turkey. Outside of Turkey, large numbers of Turkish speakers live in Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United States, and Australia ‘Turkish is one of about twenty languages that constitute the Turkic language family. Close to 150 million people speak these languages in an area that stretches from the Adriatic Sea in the west to Mongolia, Siberia, and China in the east, The other major Turkic languages are Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Kazakh, Turkmen, Tatar, Uighur, and Kyrgyz, ‘Turkish is one of the Wester (Oghuz) group of Turkic languages. Azerbaijani and Turkmen are the other important languages of this group; they are the closest relatives of the Turkish Janguage. Turkish has the following linguistic features in common with all Turkic languages: + It is an agglutinating language, with exclusive suffixation: baba (father), babar (my father), babama (to my father), + Initial and final consonant clusters (with some exceptions for the final consonant clusters) are absent. + Gender and definite and indefinite articles do not exist. + _ Instead of prepositions, Turkish uses postpositions, for example, benim igin (for me). + Nouns are inflected for the five cases: locative, dative, genitive, ablative, and accusative. * Modifiers precede the modified head nouns: ilging kitap (interesting book). + Turkish is a language: Ben eve gittim = i home-to went (I went home). * Instead of a relative clause structure, various participles, gerunds, or suffixes are used (there is, however, a ki structure borrowed from Persian): Biliyorum ki gelmeyeceksin. (I know that you will not come). * Passive, causative, reflexive, reciprocal, necessitative, abilitative, conditional, and negative forms are obtained by suffixes that are added to the verb, for example, gel (come), gelme (don't come); yaz- (to write), yazil- (to be written). + Dual nouns and verbal forms are absent. * There is vowel harmony: at (horse), atlar (horses); ev (house), evler (houses), Turkish is not related to any of the major languages of the Middle East, such as Arabic, Persian, or Hebrew; nor is it related to the Indo-Furopean languages. This means that Turkish and Indo-European languages such as English, French, and German have almost no similarities in grammar and vocabulary. This makes Turkish a challenging language to lean for the speakers of these languages. It has, however, an extremely regular structure that has very few exceptions, unlike English or French. The Turkish lexicon is made up mostly native words and Arabic and Persian loanwords. Knowledge of Arabie and Persian is very helpful in acquiring the vocabulary if not the grammar,Abbreviations and symbols collog. (DA) (+DAn) dat, gen. gr eat) intrans. loc. neg. per. pl poss pro. sing. suf. trans, ve v Ast 2nd 3rd indicates the altemating vowels a and e when used in suffixes answer; or indicates any unidentified speaker initiating a conversation dative case ablative case accusative / objective case indicates any unidentified second speaker in a conversation indicates the alternating consonants ¢ and ¢ when us colloquial indicates the alternating consonant ocative case ablative case in suffixes sd and t when used in suffixes dative case genitive case grammar indicates the alternating vowels 1, i, w and i when used in suffives accusative case intransitive indicates the alternating consonants k and % when used in titerally locative case noun uffixes negative person plural possessive pronoun question singular sutix transitive verb vowel first second third no suffix xviiiAbbreviations and Symbols indicates e verbal suffix before an item; or indicates the infinitive form of a ‘Turkish verb after a verb stem no ease ending indicates a nominal suffix before an item; added, plus equal to; same as indicates a common English sound correspondence of a Turkish letter or the sound value in the phonetic alphabet indicates more detailed information; it also indicates the formal forms; it also indicates English translation of Turkish parts within an English text indicates a phonetic transcription or additional explanation either ... or; indicates more detailed information; it also indicates a similar grammatical usage indicates a grammatically impossible or improbable form when used at the beginning of a word, suffix, or sentence indicates vowel length in phonetic transcription becomes, tums toAlatiirk yeni Tétrk alfabesini dgretiyor, The Latin alphabet was adopted as the new official alphabet in 1928, replacing the Arabic script that had been in use for several centuries,2 Unit L 1. THE TURKISH ALPHABET CHART ® TRACK 1 Letter Name Value Examples L Aa a father ag 2 Bb be Bus banka 3 Ce ce justice can 4 C¢ ee chureh cay 5S Dd de dark deniz 6. Ee e best. eski 7 FE fe full fabrika & 6g gg guy; angular garson; gavur! 9. GE yumusak g (soft 'g') 22; yes oglan; degil 10. Hh he have hava Io : caution ak 12, ii i seed iki A ie vision Jeton 4 Kk ke Kite; cute kardes; kagat 15. LI le algak; normal 1. Mm me masa 17, Na ne nasil 18, Go o oda 19, 66 6 on 2. Pp pe park 21 Rr te radyo 22. Ss se sart 23, Ss se seker 4 Te te tamam 3. Un 00 ueuz g a =2, THE TURKISH ALPHABET ‘The Turkish alphabet is a modified Latin alphabet, which, in 1928, replaced the modified Arabic alphabet that had been in use for several centuries. The current Turkish alphabet contains 29 letters of which 21 are consonants and 8 are vowels, as follows: Vowels: a, ¢, 1, i, 0, 6, u, ti Consonants: b,¢, 6 dof, 8 8,5. K LM. M.S 8b YYZ Each letter typically represents a single sound (except 'f,' the so called ‘soft g"), and sounds are generally pronounced the same at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a word. Except for the ‘soft g,' there are no silent letters in Turkish 3. THE VOWELS The eight Turkish vowels are classified on the basis of three sets of oppositions: front / back, high / low, and rounded / unrounded. Front vowels (e, i, 6, ti) are produced when the front of the tongue interrupts the flow of air during articulation and back vowels (a, 1, 0, u) when the back of the tongue interrupts the flow of air. High vowels (1, i, u, ) and low vowels (a, e, 0, 0) are produced when the position of the tongue is high and low, respectively.> The articulation of rounded vowels (0, 6, u, #) and unrounded vowels (a, e, 1, i) involves the rounding or unrounding of the lips. It is important to be aware of these differences among vowels since these features are the crucial elements upon which vowel harmony rules apply. The vowels requiring special attention are 1, i, and 8, Because these sounds are not common in English, their pronunciation usually causes some challenges for English speakers. 4, THE CONSONANTS: ‘The twenty-one Turkish consonants are classified on the basis of three sets of criteria: voice, place of articulation, and manner of articulation. Voiced consonants: b, c,d, g, & j,1, m,n, 1, V,¥s2 Voiceless consonants: ¢, fh, K, p, 8, §,t Specific features of each consonant are described in the next section. Most Turkish consonants are similar or identical to English consonants. The student, however, must pay particular attention to orthography since the Turkish modified Latin alphabet employs certain diacritical marks not found in English. The addition or omission of these marks may significantly alter the letter, the sound and, thus, the meaning of words. The consonants requiring special attention are ¢, ¢, g, & and §. Of these, though ¢ and g exist in English, they have different sound values than in Turkish. 3 The position of the tongue during the articulation of /a! is somewhat lower than during the articulation of the sounds //,/o/ and /6/. Ths, in some works fe, o/ and /6/ are classified as mid vowels, and fa/ as a Jow vowelUni 5, LETTERS AND PRONUNCIATION Note that both forms Vowels Aa in ii 66 both the upper and lowercase forms of Gh s of tare undotted. $, and ii use diacritical marks, and Comments Back, low, unrounded, as a in father but shorter. ag, amne, bak, dar, daha, dondurma Not pronounced like a in cat, Front, low, unrounded, as e in best. eski, ev, bel, yeni, metre, yine ‘Not pronounced like ¢ in seek or iin fill, Back, high, unrounded, similar to io in caution, thk, tsmarta, balk, kag, kapa, sart Both upper and lowercase forms are undorted. Front, high, unrounded, as ee in seed but shorter. ig, istek, dil, siz, bilgi, iki Both upper and lowercase forms are dotted. Back, low, rounded, as 0 in bolt. oda, on, dost, yok, kilo, radyo Mostly occurs in the first syllable and never occurs progressive tense suffix -(2)yor, in suffixes except in the present low, rounded, similar to ea in early or to the German é. in, Gzgitr, géz, képrit, banliyé, misys Generally occurs in the first syllable and never occurs in suffixes. Both upper and lowercase forms have an umlaut (two dots) above the 0. Back, high, rounded, as 00 in zoo but shorter, ueuz, uzun, burun, tuz, komsu, su ‘Not pronounced like w in sun. Front, high, rounded, similar to the German-ii, lig, ist, boliim, diizgiin, giigli, siitit Both upper and lowercase forms have an umlaut above the u.Long vowels Generally Turkish vowels are neither long nor short in length. However, the vowels a, e, i, and u may be long. The lenghtening occurs almost exclusively in borrowed words and is not distinguished in writing, as in the following examples: Ja: mavi (ma:vi], maalesef [ma‘lesef], ziyaret [ziya:ret], euma [juma:], imza [imza:] je: memur [me:mur], mezun [me:zun], tesir [te:sir] Ji ilan [istan}, miras [mi:ras}, milli [milli:], resmi [resmi:] ‘u:/hususi [husu:si], numune [numu:ne], rutubet [rutu:bet], mevzu [mev2u:] Also, when the ‘soft g'is at the end of a syllable, the preceding vowel may be pronounced as a Tong vowel. fax! bagh [ba:h), saghk |sa‘ik], daglar [da‘lar] but not in Yyagt [ya], dogu [dou] Add ga [ot sx (s1:], ytd [yr-ch] but not in sigan [stan] fo: dogdu [do:du], oglan [o:]an], fotograf [foto:raf] but nor in dogum [doum} /6:! — SRrenci [6 renci], Sfretmen [6:retmen] but wot SOPiit [sii], BOsiis [ gots] fu: bugday {bu:day], ugra [u:ra}, tugla [tw-la] but nor in ugar [our] fis! diigme [dime], diigmeli [di-meli] bat nor in diiim [duiuin] Consonants Bh Voiced bilabial plosive, as b in bus banka, bir, araba, yabancr, sabir, rab i Pronounced like the English b. Ce Voiced alveo-palatal affricate, as j in justice can, cevap, et, finean, bacak, hac ‘Not pronounced like $ or k. CE Voiceless alveo-palatal affricate, as ch in chureh, say, cigek, aghk, gegen, dg, sag Pronounced like the English eh. Both upper and lowercase forms have a cedilla under the ¢ to distinguish it from the letter € pronounced like the English j Dd Voiced denti-alveolar plosive, as d in dark. deniz, dokux, adam, kadm, ad, 3d Pronounced like the English d FE Voiceless labio-dental fricative, as f in full. fabrika, fena, defter, efendi, harf, smf Pronounced like the English f.6 Unit 1 Gg _ Voiced velar plosive with two variants’ The back variant, which usually occurs in ; back-vowel environment, is like g in guy, and the front, palatal variant, which occur: most commonly in a front-vowel environment, is like g in angular. galiba, garson, kavga, saygi, morg: gibi, giin, bilgi, érgii, gavur ‘Not pronounced like g in gymnastics. GE May be: — silent while lengthening the preceding vowel; — silent without lengthening the preceding or following vowels; — pronounced like a y:4 Blan, saghk, ya; dogum, magaza, yagas: degil. lence, Never occurs at the beginning of a word. Hh _ Voiceless glottal fricative. It is usually aspirated, as h in have. hava, hesap, kahve, tahsil, sabah, siyah In colloquial speech, hh may be omitted at the end of closed syllables while the preceding vowel is lengthened: kahve (ka:ve}, It is often dropped between vowels: hastahane > hastane [hasta: ne], Jj Voiced alveo-patatal fricative, as s in vision, §eton, jokey, ejderha, pejmiirde, garaj, plaj Occurs only in an extremely limited number of borrowed words. This is the least frequent sound in Turkish, Kk Voiceless velar plosive with two variants. The back variant, Which usually occurs in a back-vowel environment, is like k in kite, and the front, palatal variant, which ‘occurs most commoniy in a front-vowel environment, is like ¢ in eute. Kardes, Kolay, arka, sakin, kabak: kim, iki, istek, hekar, KAjit LI Voiced alveolar / palatal liquid with two variants, ‘The back variant, which usually occurs in a back-vowel environment, is like I in cool, and the palatalized variant, Which occurs most commonly in a front-vowel environment and as the first letier of words, is like leaf, algak, kalm, salata, bakkal, bal; liizum, kalp, éliim, hal, normal Mm Voiced, bilabial nasal, as m in man, masa, milyon, ama, parmak, dam, iiziim Pronounced like the English m. Nn Voiced alveolar nasal, as n in not, nasil, ne, aydmbk, peynir, bilgin, sultan Pronounced like the English n. Pp Voiceless bilabial plosive, as p in pay. park, portakal, képek, yaprak, ip, kebap Pronounced like the English p, but with less aspiration, * For more informat ft gy see Section 6 in this unitTt vy nit 7 Voiced alveolar liquid. Similar to r in radyo, renk, serin, taraf, dar, sonbahar Nor pronounced by curling the tongue backwards. At the end of a word, it resembles a sound like sh, Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative, as s in sun, sari, sonra, asansir, istek, finans, ses Pronounced like the English s. Voiceless alveo-palatal fricative, as sh in shoe, geker, syle, egya, 1gtk, hog, ig Both upper and lowercase forms have a cedilla under the g to distinguish it from the letter s Voiceless denti-alveolar plosive. Similar to tin tel tamam, temiz, artik, ertesi, alt, vakit Pronounced like the English t. Voiced labio-dental fricative, with two variants, v in very and w in wide. var, vazo, evli, sivri, ev, smav; bavul, daval pronounced fike the English v, but its pronunciation is closer to w wher Voiced palatal semi-vowel / glide, as y in yet yorgun, yumurta, ayak, eylem, gay, saray Pronounced like the English y. as x in zero,Unit t 6. THE 'SOFT G' is probably the most unusu; "ae sot tal emo ny words. As the in three ways: fal Sound in Tu kish. It never ocen, stly in mono- 8 as Syllabie words. The d of a syllable after the vowels a, ont . ce while lengthening the Itis si ferhk), sar [ [o:retmen], ura [u: 10, 6,u, andi rage TDE VOWEL, asin sag dogdu [do:duj, a Is two vowel i" ieeeestitara ‘ithout lengthening the Preceding or following Itis silent ets usually converge and are Pronounced ag loss, 4 aoe [cha:1}, oul fo:l} or [oul], age [2:7], VOWEL AS a ras long vowel, asf .d of a syllable after e and j * Roepanmsh eas eH [deyiN, Hane Lyne), tence feylency, {tis pronot CENT i ish, the primary accent is ordinari When autigs ae added to a word, the When exceptions to this nes the @ecent son the frst syllable, forex + In place names, such as lokanta (re ved words, suc! + In borrowe ‘ample, Londra, Ankara & staurant), gazet nal acoent is retained. This is also origin te (newspaper) or masa true even when Turkish Suffixes are ad ‘eler (newspapers) oy Baretelerden ( for example, gazes ord, borrowed w newspapers). nouns denoting relatives and fving creatures may not cary the Sa bie tones Yenge (brother's wite). got Crusbands the last sy! karmea (ant). cary the accent on the first syllable, as. in simdi (now) a sually carry # + Adverbs usual (henceforth). HY accent is us 1d words, the primary Jn compound wore }e minister) or denizalts ¢ yakan (prime as in basbal ually on the submarine) sa Ho ASE but Lanse the accent to ay ee oak koa (ase talk). The present progres tive suf teary (he siting) last syllable of the frie © Previous syllai SiVe tense suffixeit 1 9 8. CONTRASTING TURKISH VOWELS In different words E La 1 Ra 0 a u F tk tk al ol yet yut kag kag kal kol dal dul : yak yn salinsolun an oun ; a sh bal bol ker kur 13.1 i 4 0 a 15. 0 e bik biiktit doy duy bos bes sit siir toz tu, woz tea, kl kil kol kul sor ser surt siirt bot but ok gek4 wait u In the same word Lata Bato Rate 4 ate agik naylon maymun ahenk karst Karton hatun gare 3 aydin manto sabun fare | bak palto camur late galt vagon samur nane Sati Tata 8% ofa adil bigak olan katip pasor turnak ora sakin santiiz asa oyna rakip aktor yilan sogan | tarih dansiz, aban yoldag | Xo+U W. ore I. oti Ruta ; dolu Kole} ofis durak | koyun solfej torik kulak | 4 otur kortej kopil surat a soru model mobil usta | komsu ote! polis yak, i Beta 4 e+o i. e+u 16. +i H _ ceylan jeton memur degil | dekan beton mektup besik i seytan telefon cesur kesi ! meydan sezon memnun seving sevda reyon serum yeni Ine+it 18. ita ito ite terenniim divan iro sigek tebesstim kiraz kilo binek peltis kitap kimyon istek diipediiz liman sifon direk keskail viedan milyon bilet | Ab+e 22.64 i Bita wire B.i+u | gorek 268s dinya giizel niifus | 5 kopek dona, giilnar hiner nifuz, ' =| kfte gontil hiisran yilrek giruh | gobek Sogo stirat sitzme sikon digek balitk gtinah duvzen Izam | |2 Unit 1 9, LISTENING 8 TRACK 2 A. Write down the letter that you hear, L 2 3. 4, 5, 6. 1. 8 9, 10. ra 12. 13, 14, 15. 16. 7. 18. B. Listen to each word and fill in the missing letter. 1. sel 2.6£eunen 3.cal_skan 4. tegekk_r = 5. arkada_ 6, 68ren_ i 7. ile 8. ki_ap 9. dora 10. uza_ 1 km 12. d_fter Bax 14,televi_yon 15. yorg_n C. Write down the word that you hear. 1 2, 3. 4, 5, D. Underline the long vowel in cach word below. 1. bina 2. mavi 3. fena 4. misafir 5. hastane 6. tatil 7. ale 8. yani 9. sikayet 10. tone10. VOCABULARY ad name; noun (gr.) aksam evening alo hello (on the phone) ‘Amerika America; the U.S. ‘Amerikah American; an American apartman apartment building araba car arkadas friend banka bank ben I bey gentleman, Mr. (after a first name) bir one; a, an biraz a little, some bugiin today biiyiik big, large: old, older cadde boulevard, avenue aliskan diligent, studious canta bag; purse; briefcase gay tea ‘cocuk child, kid gok very, much, many, most diplomat diplomat doktor doctor, physician duyar wall ev house, home evet yes gazete [gaste] newspaper gece night atin day glizel beautiful, nice, good anim tady, Mrs., Ms. (after a first name) agik light iki two ilging interesting iyi good, fine; well iyllik good, goodness kagat [ka:t] paper, piece of paper kahve [ka:ve] coffee; café kalem pen; pencil kapt door kent city Kilise church kiitiiphane [Kiittipa:ne] library Jokanta restaurant liitfen please market market mersi Thank you. milyar billion milyon million miize museum © that, those; he, she, it okul school otel hotel otopark parking lot Sigrenct [6:renci] student ‘retmen [6:retmen] teacher pantolon pants park park pencere window profesiir {purofésér] professor radyo radio sandalye chair sekreter secretary selam hi, hello, greeting sen you (sing.) sinf class; classroom silgi eraser siz you (pl. / polite sing.) sokak street, soyadh surmame silk dictionary su that, this taksi taxi, cab tamam OK, fine; complete; all, the whole telefon telephone televizyon TV set; television tesekkiir thank, thanking iiniversite university ve andUaming objects ca the hadtoom FUNCTIONS ‘Asking about health and well-being + Thanking * Apologizing GRAMMAR + Vowel Hatmony-1 ‘+ Personal Pronouns «+ Prosent tense statements with the verb fo be ‘*Demonsteatives + Negation with dedi + Negation ofthe present tense verb foe +The conjunctions ve ile, ama Bozdogan Su Kemeri Built at an unknown date during the Byzantine Period, the Bozdogan ‘Aqueduct is one of the oldest ‘watervvays in Istanbul. The original length of this aqueduct was close to ‘2 mile, Presently it is only a few hundred yards long.16 Unit2 1. CONVERSATION: Merhaba! & TRACK 3 Format Ayge Hamm: Giinaydin, nasiisinz? Good morning. How are you? Engin Bey: Sag olun, iyiyim. Siz nasiisinzz I'm fine. Thank you. How are you efendim?s ma'am? Ayse Hamm: Tegekkiir ederim, ben de 'm fine, too. Thank you, How is isleriniz. nasil? everything? Engin Bey: Fena degily’ sag olun, Sizin igh Everything is fine, thank you, How is nasil? everything with you? Ayse Hamm: Cok iyi, sag olan, Very well. thank you. Informal Zeynep: Merhaba! Hi! Mustafa: Merhaba Zeynep. Ne var,ne yok? — Hi, Zeynep. How's it going? Zeynep: ik. Sende ne var, ne yok? Good. How's it going with you? Mustafa: Sag ol, ben de iyiyim. Good. Thanks. Other expressions of greetings Selam(lar)! Hi, hello! iyi giinler! Good day! iyi akgamlar! Good evening! Lyi geceler! Good night! Hos geldlin(iz). Welcome. (Uttered by the host) Hos buldukk. I'm glad to be here. / It's good to be here. (Uttered by the person arriving) 5 Efendim (lit. my lord) is a form of polite address and may be used for either sex. Its extended forms are beyefendi for men and hanumefendi for women Slit W's not bad.]Unit 7 Being formal and informal in Turkish Turkish has two registers of speech: formal and informal. Depending upon the context, the situation, the tone of voice, and the attitude of the speaker, formal register may also be interpreted as polite, ot distant. Informal register may also be interpreted as intimate, friendly, or rude. So, if you want to speak informally with one person, use the second-person singular pronouns and suffixes. To address that person formally, you must use the second-person plural pronouris and suffixes. For example: (Sen) nasilsen? is informal but (Siz) nastlsimc? is formal. Hog geldin is informal but Hog geldiniz is formal. (Senin) annen (your mother) is informal but (sizin) anneniz is formal. The formal register is used when speaking to anyone older or higher in rank, or to someone with whom the speaker does not have 2 close relationship. The informal register, on the other hand, is used among close friends and family members and when speaking to children, It may be advisable for students of Turkish to master the formal forms firs¢ and to use these forms even when addressing only one person, Culturai note The most commonly used greeting among Turks is Methaba, irrespective of the time of day. ‘The usual response is also Merhaba, followed by Nastisin? / Nasilsintz? (How are you?) The usual response to this is Tegekkiir ederim, iyiyim (I'm fine. Thank you). Other questions may be asked about a person's well-being or about the well-being of his or her family members, relatives or business. Phrases such as Ne var, ne yok? (How's it going?) and Ne haber? (na:ber] (What's new? [lit What's the news?) are more commonly used in colloquial Turkish. The usual responses to these are iyilik or iyilik, saghk. Send rar, iyilik. Senden ne haber? respectively. islerin(iz) nasil? [lit How is your work?] means (How is everything?) or (How are things?). In Turkey, shaking hands upon seeing someone or When being introduced to someone is customary and common, and same-sex friends usually kiss each other on the cheek. Younger people may kiss an elder's hand and then touch it to their forehead to show respect. Class activi : Group work Take tums greeting your classmates and asking about their well-being, Practice the following patterns: Speaker A Speaker B 1. fyi gitnler, nasilsiniz? Sag olun, iyiyim. Siz nasisinz? ‘Tesekktir ederim, ben de iyiyim. 2. Methaba! Ne var, ne yok? Iyilik. Sende ne var, ne yok? Sa ol, ben de iyiyim. 3. Selam! Ne haber? Iyilik. Senden ne haber? Ben de iyiyim.Unie2 2. LISTENING g TRACK 4 Choose the correct response. 1 a. Merhabal .b. Nastlsin? a. Tesekktir ederim, iyiyim, b. Siz nasilsinz? a. Siz nastismiz? ..b, Fena degil a. lyiyim. b, Hog bulduk, 3. GRAMMAR POINT: Vowel harmony - I same. Similarly, in Turkish, the same suffix ma Turkish contain a vowel, and those that do not may use vovvele, as connecting sounds. Vowel harmony rules predetermine the choice of the vowel in a suite whether that vowel is a part of the suffix or a connecting sound. On the basis of theit vowels “he kisir suffixes can have one, Woo. oF four versions ot ways. Suffixes with single versions, which wn very few in number, do Rot follow vowel harmony rules, All the {wo-way (containing a or e) and four-way (Containing , fu, ord) suffixes follow vowel harmony rules Without exceptions, Wihcn a new suffix is added to a word in Turkish, the vowel of the added suffix is determined by the Jast vowel of the word to which the suffix is added. There are two vowel harmony Ties! one is applied to two-way suffixes and the other is applied to four-way suffixes, Students may find these rules confusing, and they may find it difficult to choose the correct dime, ri he suffix at first. These rules, however, can be mastered wn very short period of lime. This is because they are essentiall 'y based on agreement between phonetic features, making it easier to pronounce the correct i Another positive aspect of vowel harmony rules is that an incomrect suffix choice does not usually interfere with the intended meaning of the word. Therefore, students are strongly urged to concentrate on the correct pronunciation of the base words rather than on vowel harmony rules or on choosing the correct version of the suffix. All ative vocabulary items follow vi vowel harmony rules. A few loanwords do not follow thewUnit2 9 Rule 1: Four-Way Vowel Harmony’ If the vowel preceding suffix is | Then the suffix vowel is Front Unrounded eori i Vowels | Rounded i i | ; Back | Unrounded | ‘Bort 7. 4 Vowels | Rounded ooru u i Consider the four-way adjectival suffix +sIz (+s, +siz, +suz, +siiz)® meaning (without, lack of, less) and then notice the correct suffix after each word containing a different final vowel: : noun + siz ev (house) evsiz (without a house) resim (picture) _resimsiz (without a picture) | araba (car) arabastz (Without a cat) ssrk (light) asikstz (without light, dark) | doktor (doctor) doktorsuz (without a doctor) | su (water) suswz. (without water) | 02 (eye) gozsiiz (without an eye) sit (milk) siitsiiz (without milk) EXERCISE, Add the appropriate form of the suffix +887 to the following words. Example: baba+ siz -> babasz 2, anne 10. otobiis . 3. kitap 11. ig 2 4. defter 12. goouk - 5. masa 13. evlat 6. kalem 14, misaade / 7. goallik 15. d8retmen | : 8. duvar 16. diplomat | _ 7 Vowel harmony rule 2, or two-Way vowel harmony, willbe introduced in the next unit, * The capital leter I in +81z may cotrespond to the vowel choices 1, i, war i. Note that this is convention used in this book to represent leter choices in sufixes, based on vowel and consonant harmony rules. (Similarly, A = acre; K=k, gD =, t | | 1, adam 9. kapt | | i20 Unin2 4, PERSONAL PRONOUNS ‘Singular Plural ben I biz we sen* you siz* you 0* he, she, it onlar they * As noted earlier, sen is used to address people with whom one is familiar, such as close friends, relatives and children, Sen js also used by older people to address younger people. * Siz is used to address more than on }€ person, of to address one person in polite or formal situations. * Turkish has no gender; therefore, the third-person singular pronoun 0 corresponds 10 the English he, she, or it in addition to that and those. 5. GRAMMAR POINT: Present tense statements with the verb to be The personal suffixes in the Present tense of the verb to be in the affirmative are the ‘equivalent of the English (I am, you are, he / she / it is), and so on. Bach Personal suffix already denotes a specific person; therefore the pronouns are generally used to express emphasis or contrast. In the third-person forms, however, the pronouns must be used, AO) is placed as a buffer between a word ending with a vowel and a suffix starting with one, for example, dgrenciyim, Amerikah'yrz. Personal suffixes used with the present tense verb to be Singular Plaral First person First person ben ...1(y)im, +(y)im, +(y)um, +(y)iim biz ...e(yz, H(y)iz, Hy)uz, Hy)iz Second person Second person sen ..4sin, +sin, +sun, +5 siz. ...-simz, +siniz, +sunuz, +siiniiz ‘Third person ‘Third person © ... (no suffix)? onlar ...(HAr)!0 he third-person singular ending +DIr, used Primrily for emphasis, will be discussed in Unit 29 (vol 2). -+1Ar is usually not used with the present ten se verb to be. When used, it refers to a specific group of people ° 0,Unit2 Affirmative Singular First person (Ben) gahiskamm. (I am diligent.) (Ben) dgrenciyim. (I am a student.) (Ben) doktorum. (Iam a doctor.) (Ben) giigliyiim. (1 am strong.) Second person (Sen) galrgkansin, (You are diligent.) (Sen) dgrencisin, (You are a student.) (Sen) doktorsun. (You are a doctor.) (Sen) giighisiin. (You are strong.) Third person galiskan. (S/he is diligent.) bBfrenci. (S/he is a student.) O doktor. (S/he is a doctor.) O gligli. (She, it is strong.) 21 Plural First person (Biz) caliskanta. (We are diligent) (Biz) &renciyiz, (We are students.) (Biz) doktoruz. (We are doctors.) (Biz) giigliyiiz, (We are strong.) Second person (Siz) caligkansimiz, (You are diligent.) (Siz) ogrencisiniz. (You are students.) (Siz) doktorsumuz, (You are doctors.) (Siz) guglustiniiz, (You are strong.) Third person Onlar cahiskan, (They are diligent.) Onlar &frenci. (They are students.) Onlar doktor. (They are doctors.) Onlar gtigli. (They are strong.) The primary accent in this type of sentence, in both the affirmative and negative forms, falls on the preceding syilable:: Ben dgrenciyim (I am a student.) Biz doktoruz (We are doctors.) Ben yorgun degilim (1 am not tired.) * Personal suffixes used with the present tense verb to be are not emphasized in speech, | Ben iyiyim. Biz iyiyiz. Ben diplomatm=_y Biz diplomatz. Sen Amerikal Siz Amerikah'simz. Sen dretmensi Siz dfretmensiniz. Oey. Onlar ev. O profesér. John gok galiskan, Onlar profesér. John ve Mark gok galiskan, EXERCISE: Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes or words, when necessary. Examples: Ben 6gretmen, — Ben dieetmeniin doktorsunuz. + Siz doktorsunuz. 1. Ahmet Bey profesor. 2. Biz Amerikab iz, ini ——. dfrencisin. . Ahmet ve Zeynep kardeg —__ Amerikal . Biz. gok galigkan . Sen___ sun, Siz diplomat, AYUnit2 6. DEMONSTRATIVES bu this bunlar these gu that sunlar those © that onlar those Bu telefon, Bu masa. This isa table. Suresim. ‘That is a picture. Bu bardak. This is a cup. O sandalye. That is a chair, Susilgi. That is an eraser, O pencere. That is a window. Bunlar ¢ocuk. Bunlar kitap. Bunlar masa, These are tables, Sunlar resim. Those are pictures, Bunlar bardak. These are cups, Onlar sandalye. Those are chairs. Sumlar silg, Those ate erasers. Onlar pencere. Those are windows, Bu okul, This is a school Bunlar otobiis. These are buses, Bu radyo. This is a radio, Bunlar kalem, These are pens, $u gizhiik. That is a Pair of glasses, Suniar bisiklet. Those are bicycles. Gu defter, That is a notebook. Sunlar kitap. Those are books, 0 kapt. That is a door. Onlar kag. Those are papers. © bina, ‘That isa building Onlar resim, Those are pictures.Unit? 23 Bu adam igi. This man is a worker. Bu arabalar giizel. These cars are beautiful Su cocuk dgrenci, That kid is a student. Su evler biiyiik. Those houses are big. O kadin dgretmen. That woman is a teacher, O beyler Amerikalt, Those gentlemen are Americans. O kitap cok ilging. That book is very interesting, Note: When bu, su and 0 are used as demonstrative adjectives, they are used in the singular even when they modify plural objects. Bunlar, gunlar, and onlar are only used as demonstrative pronouns, not as demonstrative adjectives: Bu resimler giizel. These pictures are pretty. Su cocuklar grenci. Those kids are students. O kitaplar cok ilging. Those books are very interesting. EXERCISES Example: Bardak > Bu bardak. A. Male similar sentences using the demonstratives and the following nouns, 1, masa 2. kitap 3. kale 4ev 5. kapt 6. sandalye 7. defter 8. resim 9. duvar 10. pencere 11. apartman 12, ayakkabs B. Translate into English. 1. Bu defter. 2. Bu kagat, 3. 0 otobiis. 4. Su kitap ilging. 5. Bu silgi. 6. Bunlar kalem, 7. Onlar defter. 8. Surresim cok giizel 9. Onlar sandalye. 10. O masa batt. 11. Bu araba yeni, 12. Bunlar ev.24 Unit2 EXERCISE: Translate into Turkish, 1. Tam an American. 2. You (sing,) are a teacher. 3. He is Turkish. 4. She is tired, 5. We ate teachers, 6. This is a bicycle. 7. That is a book. 8. They are Americans, 9. Los Angeles is a city. 10. You (pl.) are tired. | | Ben Amerika'yim, Ben Tiirk'dim, See 7. WRITING 1 Read the examples below. Then write eight short sentences using the present tense of the verb 10 be modeled on the following sentences, Bu kitaplar cok ilging, Ben profesiriim. Siz cok iyisiniz, Cindy Hanim Amerikali,Unit2 8. WORD FOCUS: Commonly used words and phrases. Evet. yur. Liitfen. Tabi Oldu. Tamam. Pekityi). Memnuniyetle. ve Dogeu. Cok dogru. Olmaz. ‘Tekrar eder mish ‘Anne ne demek? ‘Thanking someone (Gok) sag ol. (Cok) sag ol(un). ‘Tegekkiirler. (Gok) tesekkiir. (Cok) tesekkiir ederim. Mersi, Bir sey defiil. Apologizing!' Affedersin(iz). Oziir dilerim. ‘Kusura bakma(ym). Pardon. Yes, No. Please, Of course. OK, fine. OK, fine. OK, fine; very good. With pleasure. and (That's) right, True. Correct. Very true. No. It can't be, Could you repeat that, please? What does anne mean’? ‘Thank you (very much). ‘Thank you (very much). ‘Thanks, ‘Thank you (very much). ‘Thank you (very much). ‘Thank you. ‘You are welcome, Excuse me. I'm sorry. L beg your pardon, Excuse me. I'm sorry. | apologize. I'm sorry. [lit. Don't look at (my) fault.] Forgive me. Pardon me. Sorry. Excuse me. "1 Any of these expressions may be used to express either Excuse me. or Fam sorry.26 Unit2 9, CONVERSATION: Allaha ismarladik. @ TRACK § Formal Ali Bey: Oziir dilerim, gitmem gerek, I'm sorry, Thave to go. Sema Hamm: Oldu. Goriismek iizere. All right, Tl see you later. Ali Bey: Allaha ismarladik.!2 Goodbye. i Scma Hamm: Gille giile.”? Goodbye. | informal Mehmet: Bana milsaade,'* bugiin ¢ok isim var. I'm sorry, but I'm really busy today, Ozgiir; Agabeyine benden selam séyle. Say hi to your older brother for me. Mehmet: Haydi'® eyvallah, OK. Bye. Orgiir: Haydi gille gtile, OK. Bye. Other expressions of farewell Hogca kal(an).. Stay well (said by the person who is leaving) Goriigiiriiz. See you (later). iyi giinler. Good day. iyi akgamlar. Good evening. fyi geceler. Good night. Allah rahathk versin. Good night. [li, May God give (you) rest.] Miisaaden(iz)le. With your permission. iznin(izyte. With your permission Eyvallah. (Informal) Bye. iyi yoleuluklar. Have a good trip. Kendine iyi bak. / Kendinize iyi bakin, Take good care of yourself / yourselves. Class activity: Dialogue Providle appropriate responses. Then practice them in pairs. Av iyi akgamlar. B: A: Allaha ismarladik. B:.. A: Haydi eyvallah, B:.... "2 This phrase, commonly pronounced (alasmaldik] or (alasmarladik], js always said by the person who is leaving. |S This isthe reply of the hostess) or the person who remains behind, * Lit, Permission to me.) 'S Haya is an urging word meaning (Come on!) or (Lets ..) and is usually pronounced hadi},Unit2 1 Substitution drill: Substitute the word in bold with those provided in parentheses. Agabeyine'* benden selam syle. Say hi to your older brother for me. (kardegine) to your sibling (babana) to your father (Aynur Hamm’a) to Ms. Aynur 10. LISTENING ®@ TRACK 6 Choose the correct response. a. Methabat 3. sense as Ben de iyiyim, b. Gille gille. .b. Haydi gille gle. 2. a. lyi geceler. sree. &, Gille gille, .b. Hos bulduk, b. Eyvallah. 11, GRAMMAR POINT: Negat n with degil Sentences with the verb 10 be are negated with the particle dei.” in which case personal suffixes are added to the negative particle: Ben dgretmenim, I am a teacher Ben dgretmen defilim. 1 am not a teacher. Sen yorgunsun. You are tired. Sen yorgun deyilsin. You are not tired. Bu Kitap. This is a book. Bu kitap defil. This is not a book. Kitap ilging. The book is interesting. _Kitap ilging deil. The book is not interesting. Bu kalem. Bu kalem dedil, defter. Bu araba degil, bisiklet. Bunlar telefon de; Bu bardak degil. Bunlar bardak degil. gocuk dgrenci desi. ‘Onlar dgrenei degil. John yorgun degil. John ye Mary yorgun degil(ler). Hasan Bey profesér degil. Ojrenciler Amerikalt degil(ler). ually pronounced [deyil) iyi] or [acl]28 Unit2 12. GRAMMAR POINT: Negation of the present tense verb fo be ‘The negative of the present tense of the verb fo be is obtained by adding the personal endings used in the affirmative to the negative particle del Singular First person (Ben) caliskan de} im. 1am not diligent. (Ben) doktor degilim. I am not a doctor (Ben) s§renci degilim. Lam not a student. (Ben) giigli degilim. [ am not strong, Second person (Sen) caliskan degilsin. You are not diligent. (Sen) doktor deBilsin. You are not a doctor (Sen) dgrenci degilsin. You aze not a student. (Sen) gliglit degilsin. You are not strong. Third person (O) galiskan degil, S/he is é diligent. (O) doktor degil. S/he is ndf'a.goctor. (O) SBrenci deBil. S/he is nota student. (O) gilt deBil. S/he, it is not strong, Plural First person (Biz) galiskan degiliz. We are not diligent. (Biz) doktor degiliz. We are not doctors, lexiliz. We are not students, : (Biz) gigli degiliz. We are not strong. Second person (Siz) galigkan degilsiniz, You are not diligent. (Siz) doktor deBilsiniz. You are not doctors, (Siz) O8renci deilsiniz. You are not students, (Siz) giight degilsiniz. You are not strong. ‘Third person Onlar galiskan degil(ler). They are not diligent. Onlar doktor degil(ler). They are not doctors. Onlar bgrenci degil(ler). They are not students Onlar giicli degil(er). They are not strong. Note: Personal endings are added to the negative particle defi; therefore, there is only one version of the suffix that marks each person.EXERCISES . Translate into English, 1. Bu dofter degil. 2. Ben Amerikalt degilim. 3, Sen dfretmen dogilsin. 4, Biz cocuk degiliz. 5. Bu kitap ilging degil. 6, Sinan Bey iyi bir 6gretmen degil. 7. Onlar Ojrenci dexil. 8. Siz cok yorgun degilsiniz, 9, Bu kent kalabalik degil 10. Ofrenciler Tiirk degil, B. Negate the following sentences. Example: Bu kitap. > Bu kitap degil Unit2 1. 0 defter. 2. Bu kalem. 3. 0 kitap cok ilging 4, Bu bey Ametikali. 5, Ben égretmenim, 6. Gzlem dgrenci. 7. Sen doktorsui P 8. Biz doktoruz. 9. Siz Tiirk’stintz, Substitution drills 1. A: Ben dreneiyim (Amerika) yi) unlar kitap, (telefon) (kalem) B: Hayur, siz Bfrenei dexilsiniz, dfretmensiniz. (Ametikali) (Turk) diyi) (yorgun) B: Hayrr, bunlar kitap degil, defter. (telefon) (televizyon) (kalem) (silgi) | | |20 Unit2 13. TWO SHORT DIALOGUES, L Ogrenci Hasan: Hog geldiniz hocam, buyurun. Welcome, (my) professor. Come in. Prof. Ahmet Oz: Hos bulduk Hasan, nasilsin? Glad to be here, Hasan. How are you? Ofrenci Hasan: ‘Tegekkiir ederim efendim, T'm fine. Thank you, sir, How are you? iyiyim. Sic nasilsimz? Prof. Ahmet Oz: Sag ol evladim, ben de iyiyim. ‘Thank you, (my) son. I'm fine, too. 2 Zeynep Hamm: Ben gidiyorum canm, haydi _I'm leaving, (my) dear. Goodbye. Allaha ismarladik. Aske Haydi giile gille Zeynep Hanim — Goodbye, Auntie Zeynep. Please come teyze, yine buyrun.!* again. j Zeynep Hamm: Tabii yavrum. Annentere selam Of course, (my) child. Please say hito | si your mother (and the rest of the family.) teyze. Siz de OK, Auntie Zeynep. And please say hi to kvzniza selam séyleyin. your daughter. Ash: Class activity Complete the following dialogues. Then practice them in pairs. A: Merhaby 2 B:lyiyim, sag olun, A: Tesekkiir ederim, iyiyim. Sen nasilsim? B: Ben A: fslerin B: Sag ol, A: Hos geldiniz. B: A: Allaha ismarladik. B: a A: Tesekkiir ederim. B: Bir Zi "% Although buyurun is te imperative form of the verb buyur- (to order, command), itis Frequently used as a polite expression in various contents. Its basic meaning is: please, go ahead, here itis. For example, if someane knocks on the door, you may say Buyurun, meaning: Please come in. When the person comes ity You may say Buyurun oturum (Please, sit down). Then you imay offer hes/him something to cat or drink and say Buyurun (Please take some). The medial‘ is frequently dropped. especially in casual speech, | jUnit2 31 14. WORD FOCUS: The conjunctions ve, ile, ama Ve, ile and ama are among the most frequently used conjunctions in Turkish. Ye (and) may join words, phrases, and clauses and is always written as a separate word, unlike ile: Ayge ve Zeynep (Ayse and Zeynep), istanbul ve Ankara (Istanbul and Ankara), masa ye sandalye (table and chair). ite (and) may be used as a postposition as well as a conjunction. Its postpositional usage will be covered in Unit 12. Although ile is @ particle, it is also commonly shortened and added to the preceding word in the form of H(y)1A [+y)la, ‘+(y)le]. When it is shortened, it always follows vowel harmony rules like a regular suffix: difretmen ile drenci or 6sretmenle drenei (teacher and student), Kadi ile adam or kadinla adam (man and woman), Ayse ile Zeynep or Ayge'yle Zeynep!” (Ayse and Zeynep), sen ile ben or senle ben (you and 1), It should be noted that ile is used with nouns or pronouns only. Its shortened form is more common in spoken language. Ama (but or whereas) is a commonly used conjunction that introduces opposition or contrast between the elements it joins: Hasan Tiirk, ama Michael Amerikalt. Hasan is a Turk whereas Michael is an American, Bu kitap cok ilging, ama o kitap ilging degil. This book is very interesting but that book is not Ben dgrenciyim, ama babam éfretmen. | am a student whereas my father is a teacher Cay giizel, ama soguk. The tea is good but it is cold, Study the following sentences: Ben dgretmenim, ama sen dfrencisin. I am a teacher whereas you are a student. Zeynep sekreter, ama Arzu profesir. Zeynep is a secretary whereas Arzu is a professor. Ben Tiirk'iim, ama John Amerikah. I am Turkish whereas John is an American. Babam istanbul, ama annem Ankaral.. My father is a native of Istanbul but my mother is anative of Ankara. Substitution drills 1. Ben dgretmenim, ama sen dgrencisin. (doktor) (profesir) ise (sekreter) (Amerikalt) (Turk) Biz Amerikah''yiz, ama siz Tiirk'siintiz, (yi) (yorgun) (doktor) (@§retmen) ‘(dstanbullu) (Ankarali) '® The apostrophe is used to separate proper nouns from the following suffixes32 Unit 2 3. Ben dgretmenim, ama sen dfretmen depilsn. (doktor) isci) (sekreter) 4, Biz Amerikah'yrz, ama siz Amerika degilsiniz. dyd) (doktor) (istanbuttu) 15, READING OUT LOUD Practice reading these sentences out loud. Bu defter. Bu resimler gok giizel. Onlar kalem. O kitap ilging degil. Bu cocuk dfrenci. Bu bina ev, ama o bina apartman. O biyik bina okul degil, ev. Bu Ozlem. Ozlem gok galiskan bir Ogrenci. Ben égretmenim. Sen dgretmen degilsin. Zeynep ve Ahmet kardes. Zeynep OBrenci degil Sen istanbullusun. Bu b%renciler Ankaralt. Istanbul cok gtizel bir kent. Bu kent cok bliytk, ama cok kalababk. Ben doktorum, ama siz. dgretmensi Cay cok soguk. Lale ile Ayse sekreter Biz gok yorgunuz. Nastlsiniz? Tegekkt olun, Zeynep ¢ok iyi. Hosea kali, 16, TELEFONDA (On the phone) Levent: Alo!2° Aynur: Alo, buyrun. Levent: Selam Aynur. Ben Levent. Nasilsin? Aynur: Sag ol Levent. Lyi Levent: Ben de iyiyim. Annen, baban nasil? Aynur: Onlar da gok iyi, sag ol. Senin annen nasil? Levent: Cok iyi, sa ol. Haydi hosga kal Aynur. Aynur: Oldu Levent, Kendine iyi bak. Levent: Annene ve babana gok selam. Aynur: Tamam. Sen de annene selam séyle. 20 Alo (hello) is used mostly when answering the phone. iii icicle lanaiUnit2 3 EXERCISE Choose the correct response. 1. Hos geldiniz. a. ... Gile gitle b. ... Hos bulduk c. Sa olun, 2. Selam! a... Fena dei b. .. yiyim. ©. Selam! 3. yi geceler! a, ... Hog bulduk. b. . Miisaadenizle, ©. « fyi geceler! 4, Hosea kalin, a... Hos geldiniz, d... Gille gill. . ... Giinaydin. Class activity: Game The class is divided into two groups. One student from each group takes a tum going to the board. Students from the other group give him or her a word in English, and the student at the board writes the Turkish equivalent of the word on the board. If the student gets the word right, his or her team gets a point and another turn. If the student at the board gets the word wrong, his or her team does not get a point or another tum, The team with the most points wins.34 Unit 2 EXERCISE: Everyday objects Match the numbered object with the correct vocabulary word, ayakkabi gialiik defter __ séaliik ___ 1 ev canta telefon kalem kapy saat 4 araba ___ 2S 7 bardakUnit2 17. EXERCISES [A. You are a student. How would you greet your professor in the morning? B. How would you greet your friend Hasan when you see him in the afternoon? C. How would you welcome friends to your home? D, What would you say when they depart? E. Fill in the blanks to complete the Turkish equivalents of the given English words. 6] fehl i student fe LIz we {a Te i not jz L beautiful 6 rie m a teacher fi i fine P. Write () for informal, (P) for formal. Example: Hos geldin! I 1. Ne var, ne yok? 2. Nasilsin? 3, Nasilsiniz? 4, Sag olun, 5. Bana miisaade. 6, Haydi eyvallah. 7. Ne haber? 8. Hos geldiniz! 9. islerin nasil? 10. Kendine iyi bak. LL Sag ol. 12, Milsaadenizte, 13. Kendinize iyi bakin, 14, Hosea kal36 Unit2 G. Provide the appropriate pronouns, Example: ( ) 6gretmenim. — (Ben) dgretmenim, L( — ) doktorsun, 6.( ) dBrenciyiz. 2.( ) gok gizel. 7.( ) Kalem degil. 3.¢ iyi. 8.() Tink degiliz, 4.) nasilsmiz? 9.() Amerikalt degilim. 5.( doktor. 10. (_) 6fretmensiniz. H. Negate the following sentences. Example: Bu ev. > Bu ev degil. 1, Ben bifrenciyim, 2. Bu gocuk da dgrenci. 3. Ahmet ve Zeynep kardes. 4. Bu, Ayse Hanim, 5. Ayse Hanim ogretmen, 6. Bu 6gretmen cok iyi 7. Onlar gocuk. 8. Biz ogretmeni: 9. Bunlar defter. 10. Siz 6jtetmensiniz, T. Complete the following sentences by adding personal endings where needed Example: Ben yorgun, — Ben yorgunum. 1, Ankara gtizel bir kent___ 2. Ahmet dgretmen___ 3. Siz doktor degil 4, Ben Amerikah degil___. 5. Ofrenciler gaskan____. 6. John Tairk deg : 7. Biz. Ameri 8. Biz dffrent 9. Son cok cahiskan, J. Translate into English, }: Bucy. O gozlik. Bu kitapilging, Bu kaget degil. Bunlar sandalye. Bu gocuk érenci. 2. Ben dpretmenim. Zeynep ve Ayse sckreter. Bu hanim profesor, Ahmet Bey doktor. 3. Ben yorgun degilim. Sinan Bey cok yorgun, John Amerikalh, 4. Glinaydin, Nasilsiniz? Tegekkiir ederim, iyiyim. Siz nasilsiniz? dyi geceler. K. Translate into Turkish, 1. Lam a student. He is a teacher, She is tired. 2. Istanbul is a beautiful city, Istanbul is not a beautiful city, 3. Hello. Good night. I'm fine, thank you, Welcome, 4. This is a book whereas that is a notebook. This i a student. She is not a doctor. You (sing,) are not 4 Woman whereas that is a man.18. VOCABULARY adam man; person agabey (a:bi] older brother Allah God Allaha ismarladik [alasmaldsk] goodbye ama but, whereas, yet anne mother ayakkabi shoe baba father bak- (A) to look at; to take care of bardak cup, glass benim {benim] my, mine (gen. of ben) bina [bina:] building bunlar these cicek flower da / de t00, also, as well defter notebook deil [deyil] not dergi journal, magazine dogru (A/-) [do:ru] toward, about, around; right, correct, true; straight efendi gentleman; master et.) to do, make evlat child, son, daughter fena [fena:] bad gerek necessary, needed git (A) to go, leave giz eye giallik eyeglasses giiclii strong, powerful haber news, information haydi [hadi] come on, OK . hay no hoca teacher, master hog fine, pleasant hogca pleasantly, well ile and; with, by ig job, business; work; matter, affair isci worker kadin women alabahk crowded Kardeg sibling, younger sibling kz daughter, girl kusur fault, defect kus bird Unit2 37 masa table ‘memnuniyet [memnu:niyet] pleasure, satisfaction merhaba [meraba] Hi! Hello! miisaade [mtisa:de] permission ol- (-) to be, become; to happen, occur onlar those; they otobiis bus Suite apology; excuse éxiir dile- (DAn) to apologize (to) pek very, very much peki(yi) [peki] OK, fine, very good; as for how about rahathk [ra:thik] rest, comfort resim picture, drawing; photograph saat [sat] hour; clock; watch sag [sa:] right (not left); alive saglik [sa:hk] health senden from you (abl. of sen) senin your (gen. of sen) sizi you (ace. of siz) sizin your; yours (gen. of siz) souk [souk] cold su water; juice slit milk gunlar those tabii (tabi) of course, naturally tekrar et- (I [tekra:ret-] to repeat tegekkiir et- (A) to thank teyze aunt (maternal) var there is / are; existing, in existence ver- (A/D to give yeni new yolculuk journey, trip yorgun tiredLocations z, FUNCTIONS Introducing onceclf Introducing other people Asking for and giving personal information * Greeting people *# Asking yes / 19 questions, + Expressing location, GRAMMAR * Vowel harmony = IL * Plurals of nouns + Forming questions *# Question words: ne, kim, nasil + Yes No questions with the present tense verb to be The locative case Nerede, burada, gurada, orada Long consonants “The derivative suffixes: +1, +shz ‘Ayasofya Miizesi ‘Hagia Sophia, built as a church on G the orders of the Byzantine @j emperor Justinian in the sixth ‘century, was converted into a ‘mosque by the Ottoman: sultan HM Mchmed IT in 1453, It was cons verted into a museum in 1995 by fi the government of the Republic of Turkey.1, CONVERSATION: Merhaba, adim Ergin Aksu. 8 ‘TRACK 7 Formai Ergin: Merhaba, adm Ergin Aksu. Hello, I'm Ergin Aksu. Ebru: (Benim adim) Ebru Kaya. (My name is) Ebru Kaya. Ergin: Tamgtygmiza memnun oldum, (I'm) pleased to meet you. Ebru: Ben de. Likewise, Informal Arzu: Merhaba, ben Arzu. Hi. I'm Arzu Ercan; Merhaba, ben Ercan. Memnun oldum. Hi, I'm Ercan. Nice to meet you, Arzu: Ben de memnun oldum. Nasilsin? Nice to meet you, too. How are you? Ercan: Sag ol, iyiyim. Sen nasilsm? I'm fine, thanks. How are you? Arzu: Saji oj, ben de iyiyim. I'm good. Thanks. Formal and Informal Ahmet: Selam, adim Ahmet. Sizin adimz ne? Hello, I'm Ahmet. What's your name? Ayla: Ayla, Memnun oldum, (My name is) Ayla, Pleased to meet you. Ahmet: Ben de memnun oldum. Pleased to meet you, too. Cultural note When Turks make introductions, they usually use first names only. Turks address those who are older with respect using terms such as ameca (paternal uncle), teyze (maternal aunt), agabey [a:bi] (older brother), and abla (older sister), depending upon the age difference. ‘These terms may be used with or without first names: abla or Arzm abla, aabey or Hasan agabey. The suffix +ClgIm ([Clm] or [Clm]) may be added to show endearment or intimacy: annecigim (my dear mother), Ahmet amcacrgim (my dear uncle Ahmet). In polite conversations, however, the words bey (Mr., gentleman) and hanm (Mrs., Ms., lady) are used after first names: Ozgiir Bey, Leyla Hanm, In Turkey, the use of surnames was adopted in 1934; they are still not commonly used, except in formal situations. It is not unusual for people not to know the last names of even close riends. Surnames are used with first names or the title sayin (dear, esteemed): Ahmet Candarh or sayin Candarh. Titles such as profesbr (professor), and doktor (doctor) always precede first, last, or full names: Dr. Hasan, Dr. Hasan Bey, ot Doktor Hasan Giirsoy.Unit 3 41 + Remember that Turkish has two pronouns for you: sem for the singular and siz for the plural; siz is regularly used for the singular in formal or polite speech. Class activity: Introducing oneself. 1. Introduce yourself to a classmate using the following formula. Merhaba, adm... 2, Informally introduce yourself to a classmate using the following formula. Selam, Ben ... 2. LISTENING: Listen to the following introduction. & TRACK 8 -Merhaba. Ben Hasan -Ben Mustafa -Memmun oldum, — -Ben de42 Unit 3 Class activity: Dialogue 1. Going around the room, each student introduces himself or herself to another student. A: Merhaba, ben Cindy. Sizin admuz ne? B: Adm i 2. Going around the room, each student states his or her last name and asks another student's last name, A: Soyadum Barkley. Sizin soyadiniz ne? B; Benim soyadim i 3. TURKISH NAMES Most Turkish names are of Turkic, Arabic, or Persian origin and have commonly known meanings. Some popular Turkish names are: Male Female Ahmet Hasan Arzu Lale Ali Hiseyin Ash Leyla Aydin Levent Ayla Niliifer Burhan — Mehmet Ayse — Ozge Can Mustafa Aynur — Ozlem Engin Orhan Ebru Sema Ercan —Ozgiir Elif Sevim 3 Ergin Selim Eser Seving i Fatih Sinan Fatma Yasemin i Hakan Zafer Gal Zeynep Some names may be used for both males and females, for example, Giingér, Seref, and Deniz. EXERCISE: Write Hamm after female names and Bey after male names. Example: Levent___ > Levent Bey 1. Ozlem 2. Ayla i 3. Aynur 4, Ercan 5. Mustafa 10. Mehmet8 4, CARDINAL NUMBERS 10 on 20 yirmi 40 kark 11 on bir 21 yirmi 50 elli 12 on iki 22 yirmi iki 60 alts 13 on ig 23 yirmi tig 70 yetmis 14 on dirt 24 yirmi dort 80 seksen 15 on bes 30 otwz 90 doksan 16 onaltx 36 otuz alti 100 yiiz 17 on yedi 37 otuz yedi 1,000 bin | 18 on sekiz 38 otuz sekiz 1.000.000 milyon | 19 on dokuz 39 otwz dokuz 1,000.000.000 milyar bir dZrenci one student alt saat six hours | iki kitap two books yedi kisi seven people | fig defter three notebooks sekiz bardak eight cups dért cocuk four children dokuz dergi nine journals beg gigek five flowers on kuz ten girls bucuk (half): iki buguk (two and a half), alti buguk (six and a half) [buguk is used after numbers}. * bir also serves as the indefinite article (a, an): bie kitap (a book), bir kigi (a person), Note: When a noun is preceded by a number, the number carries the concept of plurality, and the plural suffix is omitted. 20% bir defter 5. LISTENING & TRACK 9 1. Write the numbers you hear as numerals a, b, ©. d. e. fii Bis heh oi Ub bs k L mi aS ot p. i r 2. Write the numbers you hear as numerals. a fy) b. 199; 3. Write the numbers you hear as numerals to complete the following phone numbers. | a, 562- b. 475- cc. 226- d. 392- ©. 784. 1 4235 e GIES | I4a 6. GRAMMAR POINT: Vowel harmony - IL Back Vowels Front Vowels Unit3 Rule 2: Two-Way Vowel Harmony Lou eb If the vowel preceding suffix is | Then the suffix vowel is ‘The following examples will illustrate the appropriate form of the plural suffix Ar. arkadas + lar selam + lar agik + lar balik + lar doktor + lar palto + lar cocuk + lar mektup + lar ev +ler kardes + ler igki + ler bilgi + ler yon + ter soz-+ler lin + ler otobiis + ler 7. GRAMMAR POINT: Plurals of nouns The plural of any singular noun is formed by adding a plural suffix to it. ‘The plural suffixes are +14r (Har, +ler) Plural beyler hanuplar tesekkirler sigekler aXaglar Komsular arkadaslarUnit 3 45 Single objects such as eyeglasses, scissors, pants, and shorts, which are expressed in plural in | English, are singular in Turkish: gzlik (a pair of glasses), galiikler (several pairs of glasses), at sigekler kediler gialiikler EXERCISES ‘A. Make the following nouns plural Example: adam — adamlar otobiis___ defter duvar__ haber, is__ park__ kadin__ 9. kilise__ 10. kéipek__ 11. kiitiiphane__ 12. pantolon__ SARVAYRE B. Translate into English 1. sandalyeler 2. 1giklar 3. agabeyler 4. profesdrler 5. teyzeler 6. resimler 7. bfrenciler 8. okullar 9. kagitlar 10. tesekkiirler46 Unit 3 8. GRAMMAR POINT: Forming questions ‘There are two basic types of interrogative sentences: a. Yes / no interrogatives. This type of question expects a simple Yes or No answer. In English, to form this type of question, the verb is placed before the subject: John is a student. —> Ts John a student? She went to the movies. > Did she go to the movies? b. Wh: interrogatives. This type of question asks for a missing piece of information. In English, to form this type of question, the verb is placed before the subject, and a question Word is used. Most of question words start with a wh in English, for example, where, which, why, who, This gentleman is Mr. Blake. > Who is this gentleman? ‘She is going to the market. > Where is she going? 4n Turkish, yes /no interrogatives require the addition of the question particle mil without any change in the corresponding affirmative word order: Bu kitap. This is a book. ~> Bu kitap m? Is this a book? Sen iyisin, You are well. > Sen iyi misin? Are you well? John Ankara'ya gidiyor. John is going to Ankara, = John Ankara'ya gidiyor mu? Is John going to Ankara? In Turkish, w- interrogatives are similarly formed by using a question word. Unlike English, however, the word order docs not change: Bu kitap. This is a book. > Bu ne? What is this? Sen iyisin. You are well. >» Sen nasifsin? How are you? John Ankara'ya gidiyor. John is going to Ankara. — John nereye gidiyor? Where is John going? Note: In the same interrogative sentence, use either a question word or the question particle ml, but never both. 9. WORD FOCUS: Question words: ne, kim, nasil ne what? Q Bu ne? What is this? A: Bu dergi. This is a journal Q: Su ne? What is that? A: Su kalem. That is a pen, QO ne? What is that? A: O gazete. That is a newspaper. Q: Bunlar ne? What are these? A: Bunlar agag. These are trees. Q: Sunlar ne? What are those? A: Sunlar kitap. Those are books. Q: Onlar ne? What are those? A: Onlar cigek. Those are flowers, Itis also possible to answer without using the pronoun: Bu ne? (Bu) araba, One? (O)ev. eenit 3 Class activity: Ask your classmates to identify objects in the room. Then reverse roles. 1.Q: Bune? A: (Bu) pencere. 2.Q: Sune? A: (Su) 3.Q One? A:O) kim who? Q: Bu hey kim? Who is this gentleman? A: (Bu) Hasan Bey. This is Mr. Hasan hhanum kim? Who is that lady? ‘A: (O) Ayla Hamm, That is Ms. Ayla. su gocuk kim? Who is this child? _A: (Bu gocuk) Mehmet. This child is Mehmet, Q: Siz kimsiniz? Who are you? ‘A: Ben Mustafa'yim. I'm Mustafa, Q: Hasan Bey kim? Who is Mr. Hasan? A: Hasan Bey mibdiir. Mr. Hasan isthe director. >) Bu cocuk kim? Ali Buhamm kim? 4 B vesemin. Class activity: Ask your classmates to identify people in the room. Then reverse roles. 1. Q; Bu bey kim? A: (Bu bey) ____. 2. Q: Bu hanim kim? A: (Bu hamm) __. nasil how? Q: Nastismrz? How are you? ‘A: Tegekkiir ederim, iyiyim. I'm fine, thank you. Q: isteriniz nasil? How is everything? ‘A: Fena degil. Not bad. Q: Zeynep nasil? How is Zeynep? ‘A; (Zeynep) iyi. Zeynep is fine Q: Bugiin hava nasil? How is the weather today? A: Cok sicak. It is very, hot. Q: Cay nasil? How is the tea? ‘A; (Cay) soguk. The tea is cold. Q: Ali Bey nasil? How is Mr. Ali? ‘A: O bitaz yorgun. He's a little tired. Class activity: Ask your classmates how various people are doing. Then reverse roles. 1. Q: Anneniz. nasil? A: (Annem) gok iyi. 2. Q: Babaniz nasil? : 3.Q: Ablamz nasil? 4..Q: John nasil? A: (ohn) | |48 Unit 3 10. CONVERSATION: Sizi esimle tamstirayim. & TRACK 10 Formal Giil: Hog geldiniz Fatih Bey, nasilsmiz? —__Weleome, Mr. Fatih. How are you? ' Fatih: Hos bulduk Gill Hamm. Tesekkiir I'm glad to be here, Ms. Gul. I'm fine. : ederim, iyiyim, Siz nastisinz? Thank you. How are you? Gil: Sag olun, ben de iyiyim, Tamstirayim, I'm fine, too. Thank you. Let me introduce esim Orhan, — Fatih Bey. (you to) my spouse Orhan. (Orhan, this is), Mr. Fatih, Orhan: Memnun oldum efendim, T'm pleased to meet you, sir i Fatih: Ben de cok memnun oldum Orhan Bey. I'm also very pleased to meet you, Mr. Orhan, 4 Informal | Merhaba Hakan, ne haber? : iyilik, senden? Good. How about you? Eser: Ben de iyiyim. Tamstwaym, kardesim I'm good. Let me introduce (you to) my | Selim, — Hakan. brother Selim. (Selim, this is) Hakan, Hakan: Memnun oldum. Pleased to meet you, Selim: Ben de. ‘Same here. q Supplementary vocabulary abla older sister ‘amea paternal uncle 5 spouse agabey older brother arkadag friend teyze maternal aunt Class activity 1. Formally introduce your friend Ercan to your other friend(s). {yi giinler ... Bey / Hanm. Tamstiraymn. Arkadagim Ercan, — ... Bey / Hamm. 2. Informally introduce your brother / ‘Tamstirayim, kardesim.... — .. ister to @ friend using the following formula 3. Take tums introducing one classmate to another.Unit3 49 | Substitution drill Replace the word arkadasum (my friend) with the other words given below it. Arkadagim Ahmet. — Selim. (This is) my friend Ahmet. (This is) Selim. © (kardesim) my sibling (babam) iy father (agabeyim) ny older brother 11, LISTENING ® TRACK 11 Listen and choose the appropriate response. =F Be vaneus 8) Merbaba, ben Aynur 3 ) Sa olun, iyiyim. Siz nasilsimiz? a) Benim adim Orhan Demir. .. b) Ben de memnun oldum. a) Isleriniz nasil?” ..b) Ben de memnun oldum. a) Ben de. b) Memnun oidum Grhan Bey. 12. DIALOGUE Hasan; Ithan Bey, sizi ablam Ash'yla tamsturayim. Ablam Asli — ithan Bey, | than: Memnun oldum Ash Hamm. Nasilsinzz? : Ashi: Ben de memnun oldum, Sag olun, iyiyim. Siz nasilsiniz Hhan Bey? : ithan: Ben de iyiyim. = Hasan: Kusura bakmayin, Bizim gitmemiz gerek, Gorligmek tizere Ilhan Bey. than: Tamsugumiza gok memnun oldum Ash Hani, ingallah tekrar goristiréz. Ash: Lyi giinler : | | : | | | | i 4 | | | | | 1 1 | | i | |50 Unis 13. GRAMMAR POINT: Yes / no questions with the present tense verb to be Questions without question words anticipate a yes or no answer. In Turkish, these types of Gucstions, including those in the present tense verb to be, are formed by adding the question Particle ml (amt, mi, mm, mil) to affirmative sentences. These are the equivalent of English questions such as Am I...?, Are you ..?, or Is he { she | it .? Bu kitap. This is a book. > Bu kitap m1? Is this a book? Bu han dgretmen, This lady is a teacher. — Bu hanim dgretmen mi? Is this lady a teacher Siz direncisiniz. You are a student. -> Siz drenci misiniz? Are you a student? Selim Bey profesir dei. Mr. Selim is not a professor. ~ Selim Bey profesér defil mi? Isn't Mr. Selim a professor? Siz Amerikah defilsiniz, You aré not an American, ~ Siz Amerikah degil misiniz? Aren't you an American? Note: The ml question particle cannot be used in conjunction with other question words, and BS ailaccented: OBrencl misin? (Are you a student?). Also, note that this particle is always written separately. ¥es/ no question forms used with the pr se verb to be Singular Plural First person First person Ben ... mlym? Biz... mlyIz? Second person Second person Sen... mIsIn? Siz... mIsinIz? Third person ‘Third person 0... ml? Onlar... mI? (Sen) dgrenci misin? Are you a student? Evel, drenciyim. Yes, Y'm a student, Hayw, (6grenci) degilim. No, I'm not (a student), (Siz) hasta msunz? Are you sick? Evet, hastayum. Yes, I'm sick. Hayrr, (hasta) degilim. No, Pm nos (sick). Bu cigek giizel mi? Is this flower pretty? Evel, gitzel. Yes, itis pretty. Haynr, (glizel) degil. No, itis not (pretty)Units sl Bu pencere mi? | | vet, pencere, (27) Q: Bu sandalye mi? A: Evet, sandalye, Q Cigek sart mn? Haysr, (gigek) karma. Q: Buev mi? : Evett, ev). Q: Cay sicak mi? : Hayrr, (sicak dexil,) soguk. Q Bugiin hava souk mu? —_A: Haysr, gok sicak. Q: Siz yorgun musunuz? Evet(, cok yorgunum). Q: Yemek giizel mi? : Evet, cok giizel. Q: Bu kitap ilging mi? : Haytr, o kadar ilging degil. Q: Onlar dgrenci mi? : Evet, djrenci. Q: Onlar doktor mu? : Hay, (doktor degi Q: Bu kitaplar ilging mi Evet, cok ilging. Q Ggrenciler caskan'm? —_A: Evet, caliskan. EXERCISE study the example and write similar questions. Hayir, (kipek degil,) kedi. | | | | | |32 /BXERCISES Unit 3 (A. Study the examples and write similar answers. ‘Example: Q: Bu kitap mi? 1. Bu gazete mi? 2.0 pencere mi? 3. Bunlar gigek mi? 4. Onlar kedi mi? 5. Hava steak mi? 6. Su kitap ilging mi? 7. Bu lokanta iyi mi? 8. Bu tiniversite biyiik mii? 9. Ofrenciler galiskan rm? 10. Ali Bey 6gretmen mi? coe the following questions about yourself. ‘ample: Q: Siz Gitenci misiniz? A: Evet, Orenciyim. or Haytr, dgrenci degilim. 1. Siz Amerikalt misinrz? 2. Siz misafir misiniz? 3, Siz Tiirk miisiintiz? 4, Siz hasta misiniz? 5. Siz sekreter misiniz? 6. Siz mitdiir miistiniiz? 7. Siz doktor musunuz? 8, Siz diplomat misimz? A: Evet, kitap. or Hay, (kitap degil,) kale, A: Evet, A: vet, A: Evet, A: Evet, A: Hayir, Hays, A: Hays, A: Evet, A: Evet, ' A: Hayir, C, Study the answers, then fill in the blanks with the appropriate question words or particles, Examples: Q: Ahmet Bey kin? Q: Bu bina otel mi? 1. Q: Onlar 2 2..Q Sen sin? 3. Q: Annen 2 4. Q Bu bey 2 5.Q Adimz 2 6. Q: Bu kitaplar ilging 2 7. Q: Sen yorgun 7 8. Q: Bugiin hava 2 9.Q: Bu A: Ahmet Bey midi. A: Hayar, okul A: Onlar kitap. A: Saf ol, ben de gok iyiyim, ‘A: Annem bugiin hasta A: Bu bey benim arkadasim. A: Adim Sema. Evet, cok ilging. Evet, ok yorgunum, A: Cok sicak, A: Bu gozliik.Unit3 Example: Bunlar kedi mi? a) kitap b) kedi ) okul 1, Sen__misin? a) galiskan ——_b) kadin o iyi 2. Buresimler mi? a) giizel b) kalabalk —¢) bina 3, Universite __ma? a) giizel ) kalabalik —_¢) bilyik 4.0 kitap mi? a) doktor ) hos ©) ilging 5, Biz__ my? a)istanbuilu —) Ankara c) d8renci 6. Siz, miisiiniiz? a) Amerika —b) 8fretmen _) sekreter E. Choose the correct particles that cor Example: Bu gigekler giizel mi? a) mu ‘b) misin. c) mi 1. Sen yorgun 2 a) mi b) misin c) musun 2. Ogretmmen Amerikalt__? ami) mist c) mu 3. Biz istanbullu 2 a) musun b)muyuz ——_¢) musunuz 4, istanbul bityik bir kent degil_? a) mi b) misin ©) mu 5. Siz yorgun degil 2 a) misin ) milsiniz —c) musun 6, Bu han Tiirk __ a) mi b) mu ) mit 3 1D, Choose the correct words that complete these sentences. When making your selection, pay attention 10 meaning, vowel harmony rules, and the subject of each sentence. dy igik 4) kalem 4) gocuk 4) cahskan @) caligkan d) 6gretmen d) profesir jete these sentences. When making your selection, pay attention to meaning, vowel harmony rules, and the subject of each sentence. ) misin <¢) miistintz, dm ) miytiz d) mii 4) misiniz, dj miPs 54 Unit 3 14. CONVERSATION: Hilton Oteli nerede? 8 TRACK 12, Hasan; Affedersiniz, bir dakika, Excuse me. Do you have a minute? Levent: Buyurun, Yes, go ahead Hasan: Hilton Oteli nerede? Where is the Hilton Hotel? Levent: Oziir dilerim, bilmi, I'm sorry. I don't know. Hasan: Tegekkiir ederim. Thank you. Hasan: Affedersiniz, Hilton Oteli nerede? Excuse me. Where is the Hilton Hotel? Filiz: iste, orada. Kargi kigede. Right there, across the street, on the comer. Hasan: Cok tegekkiir ederim. ‘Thank you very much. Filiz: Bir sey degil. You're welcome. Supplementary vocabulary arka back, rear sai right taraf side, direction eadde boulevard, avenue sokak street yon direction ileri forward, ahead sol left arka sokakta on the back street illeride further ahead bu tarafta on this side, around here __sol tarafta on the left side Substitution drills Practice asking and giving directions. Try to guess the meanings of the new words. 1. Q Hilton Oteli nerede? A: Sag tarafta, (lokanta) (kilise) (otoparis) ae 2; Q: Hilton Oteli bu caddede mi? A: Evet. tane) (iniversite) (miize) 3. Q: Universite bu tarafta mi? A: Haynr, karst tarafta. (otel) (market) (banka) Practice in pairs { Using phrases, such as affedersiniz and bir dakika, ask your classt places are. Then reverse roles. ate where the following parking lot, library, hospital, bank, university, restaurantUnit as 15. GRAMMAR POINT: The locative case Turkish adds the locative case ending to nouns or nominal elements such as pronouns and. adjectives 1o describe location, instead of using prepositions.*! The locative case ending expresses location, in place or in time and is usually translated into English as in, af, or on, Locative case endings are: +DA (da, +de, +a, +e)? | okulda (at [the] school) evde (at home) ‘masalarda (at /on {the] tables) miizede (at [the] museum) ‘Ankara'da (in Ankara) otobtiste (on [the] bus) | bardakta (in (the] cup) markette (at [the] market) | igikta (at [the] light) izmit'te (in Izmit) Ben iiniversitede dgrenciyim. I am a student at the university. Babam istanbul'da oturuyor. My father lives in Istanbul, Ayge bu gece otelde kahyor. Ayse is staying at the hotel tonight. Zeynep Hamm bankada galisiyor. Ms. Zeynep works at the bank. + Before the regular locative case endings, an m is appended to the pronouns 0, bu, and gu. Locative case forms of the personal and demonstrative pronouns bende on me bunda in this | sende on you sunda in that | onda on him / her /it onda in that bizde on us bunlarda in these sizde on you sunlarda in those onlarda on them oniarda in those * A noun or pronoun in the locative case can serve as a predicate in nonverbal sentences, as follows: Atatiirk Miizesi Ankara Caddesi'nde. The Ataturk Museum is on Ankara Boulevard. Ahmet Bey orada mt? Is Mr. Ahmet there? John simdi Boston 'da degil, istanbul'da. John is not in Boston now; he is in Istanbul. 21 Turkish suffixes are either nominal (added t© nouns, adjectives, pronouns, participles) or verbal (added to verbs). A nominal suffix cannot be added to a verb, and a verbal suffix cannot be added to a nominal. Case endings are nominal suffixes and thus they can only be added to nominals 22 To observe the rules of consonant harmony, the lncative case ending is 4A after words ending in a voiceless consonant (¢, fy ly K.P 8,1) and +€A afier words ending in all other consonants and vowels. | |56 Unit3 Q: Topkapi Saray: istanbul'da m1? A: Eyet, (Topkapi Saray1) istanbul'da. Q: Kitap masada mi? A; Evet, (kitap) masada. ‘Hayrr, (masada degil,) odada. Q: Ozge, annen evde mi? A: Evet, (annem) evde. Hayir, (evde degil,) ahsveriste, ‘Some verbs commonly used with nouns in the locative case are: galis- (to Work), dinlen- (to rest), dog- (to be born), eglen- (to have fun), kal- (to stay, remain), ofur- (to sit, live, reside), (to walk), yiiz- (to swim) * The locative case is often used with var or yok to form there is / isn't - there are / aren't types of sentences. Odada iki sandalye var. There are two chairs in the room. Adana'da metro yok. There is no metro in Adana. Bu suniffa gok dgrenci var mi? Are there many students in this class? * If the subject is @ person, the structure itself, locative case + var or yok, indicates the verb 10 have or not to have. Babamda cok kitap var. My father has a lot of books. Bende hig para yok. I don't have any money. Sende cep telefonu var mi? Do you have 4 cell phone? For more information on this usage of the locative case, see Unit 7, . EXERCISES A. Add locative case endings to the following. Pay attention to vowel and consonant harmony rules. — onda 1. siz 2. gocuk 3. park 4. sen 5, Ankara 6, onlar 7.ig 8, sokak 9.ev 10, adam Example: B, Translate into English, 1. aacta 2. simifta 3. milvede 4. kittiphanede 5. Amerika'da 6. okulda 7. bende = 8. durakta 9. kahvaltida 10. evdeUnit3 st 16. WORD FOCUS: Nerede, burada, surada, orada ‘The locative case ending is commonly attached to the question word nere (what place? where?) and the location words bura (this place, here), sura (that place, there), and ora (that place, there): nerede? where, at / on /in which place? burada here, at / on /in this place gurada there, at /on / in that place orada there, at / on /in that place, over there Q: Canta nerede? Where is the bag? A: (Canta) burada. The bag is here. Q: Arabamz nerede? Where is your ca A: (Arabam) garajda, My car is in the garage. Q Selim Bey nerede? Where is Mr. Selim? _A: (Selim Bey) evde. Mr. Selim is at home. Q Ahmet Bey orada nm? Is Mr. Ahmet there? A: Evet, (Ahmet Bey) burada. Yes, Mr. Ahmet is here. Hayrr, (Ahmet Bey) burada degil. No, Mr. Ahmet is not here. Q Kapaligarst ner(e)de??* Where is the Grand Bazaar? A: Istanbul'da, It is in Istanbul. Q: Ofretmen nerede? Where is the teacher? A; Ofretmen sumtfia. The teacher is in the classroom, Class activity ‘Complete these dialogues. Then practice them with a classmate. 1. Q: Taksi nerede? A: (Taksi) Q: Géaldk nerede? A: (Goazlik).. 2. Q: Sozluk burada om? : Evet, (s0zitik) Haysr, (sbzliik) . Q: Hasan oradarm? A: Evet, (Hasan) Hayir, (Hasan) 3.Q: Araba garajda m? A: Evet, (araba) .. Haytr, (araba) .. 2* In colloquial usage, when locative or ablative case endings are added to the words nere, bura, sua, and ora, ‘he final vowel of these words is usvally dropped. For more information, sce Unit 8, Section 13.58 Unit3 EXERCISES: ‘A. Answer these questions. Example: Hasan Bey orada mi? —> Evet, burada or Haytr, burada degil. 1. Canta nerede? . Disneyland nerede? . Bojazigi Képrist istanbul'da m? Michael sinafta rm? . Dr. Hasan Bey hastanede mi? Cigekler nerede? Kitaplar nerede? Sozlilk masada mi? Kardesin nerede? aVeen B. Match the questions in column A with the most appropriate responses from column B. A B 1. Kalem nerede? one a. Gazetede, 2. Agaclar nerede? owe, Hastanede. 3, Haber nerede? wlow Cs Cantada, 4, Dondurma nerede? wed Otoparkta, 5, Kitaplar nerede? soos @, Parka, 6. Arabalar nerede? : £, Sinfta. 7, Offrenciler nerede? one $ Odada, 8. Doktor nerede? owe hy Riittiphanede. 9. Misafir nerede? owe i, Dondurmactda, 10. Otobiis nerede? j. Durakta, 17. READ) GS + istanbul bir kent. istanbul biiyiik bir kent. istanbul Tirkiye'de. Topkapr Sarayt nerede? Topkapi Saray: Istanbul'da. Kapaligarst nerede? O da Istanbul'da. + Bu bey kim? Bu Ahmet Bey. Ahmet Bey tiniversitede profesér. Bunlar éfrenci mi? Evet, onlar bu okulda dgrenci. + Annen nerede? Annem simdi Ankaralda. Orada tatilde, Arzu evde mi? Evet, Arzu evde. + Kitap sizde mi? Haywr efendim, kitap bende del. Kitaplar sinfta mi? Evet, smufta, Ogrenciler nerede? Onlar da sinrfta, + Sheraton Oteli nerede? Sheraton Oteli Taksim'de. Cok tegekktir ederim. Bir sey degilUnit3 59 FS Ped / 18/WRITING Yo ‘Study these examples and write six similar questions. Topkapt Saray Ankara'da m? Disneyland Los Angeles'ta m1? John nerede? Otobiis nerede? ayeepe 19. LISTENING & ‘TRACK 13 Choose the best response. 1. a) su: Tegekkiir ederim hocam. 5. 8) seuss Adim John, lyi aksamlar efendim, b) see Siz kimsiniz? Gille gtile cfendim. a. Bey .. Haydi eyvallah. b) casos Lyilik, senden ne haber? .- Methaba Ash. 7. a) soon Bit sey dedi .. lyi geceler Ash. 1b)... Lyi aksamlar efendim. 4. a) suns li geceler Orhan Bey .. Sad ol, iyiyim. 20, PRONUNCIATION: Long consonants ‘Long consonants: Pronunciation of medial double consonants It a word contains medial double consonants, these consonants are pronounced like a long consonant: elli [el:i] (fifty), anne [anze] (mother), and so on. This is an important point to remember since English speakers have a tendency to read double consonants as single sounds (for example, commit or comment.) Take care to pronounce long consonants properly or you might utter a different word than intended; note, for example, the differences in meaning between: giiler (s/he laughs) x giiller (roses); yolar (s/he plucks) x yollar (roads); elli (fifty) x eli (his / her hand); atts (s/he threw) x att (his / her horse), | | i | | |Ca Unit 3 21. WORD FOCUS: The derivative suffixes +M, +sIz Turkish has two types of suffixes: * inflectional, a suffix that creates « grammatical variant of the same word, without altering its basic meaning, such as the locative case ending +DA. * derivational, a suffix that is used to derive new words with new meanings, such as the suffix -er in the English word teacher (teach -* teacher). Except for the relative suffix +ki, detivational suffixes precede inflectional ones. Knowing the gencral meaning and function of a derivational suffix will help you guess the meaning of any word to which that derivational suffix is added. Pay attention to the grammatical category the suffix falls into. In this section, we will look at the derivational suffixes HII and 4sIz, The suffix +E (+, +i, Hu, +i) is added to nouns to form adjectives meaning: with, having, containing. For example: tuz (salt) + lu = tualu (salty) su (water) + In = sul (watery, juicy) para (money) + lr= paral (with money; tich) akil (intelligence) + h = akal (intelligent) agiines (sun) + li = giinesli (sunny) sekerli kahve (coffee with sugar) akallt adam (intelligent person) ftagh yol (stony road) ‘The suffix +slz (+s, +siz, +suz, +siiz) is added to nouns to form adjectives meaning: without, -less, In general, words with this suffix mean the opposite of words with the + suffix. tuz + suz = tuzsuz (without salt) Su + suz.= susuz (without water) Para + swz = parasts (gratis; penniless) akal + siz = akilsiz (without intelligence; foolish) ‘tuzsuz yemek (food without salt) gocuksuz aile (family without children) mobilyasiz ev (house / apartment without furniture) géaliikli, sapkaswz_| sapkah, gizliiksiizUnits eo 22, TELEFONDA ‘Sema: Lyi giinler efendim. Hasan orada mi? Ali Bey: Hayst. Siz kimsiniz? Sema: Ben Sema efendim, Ali Bey: Merhaba kam. Hasan simdi evde dedi. Katttiphanede, ‘Sema: Peki, cok tegekktir ederim efendim. Hosea kalin, Ali Bey: Size de iyi ginler kxzim. (Axercise bay Read the following transcript of phone conversations. Then fill in the blanks appropriately. | A. — Seving: Giinaydin. Ash orada mi? Leyla: Hayir, Ash aa. Seving: Tegekkiir ederim, iyi gtinler. Merhaba. Ben Elif, Aydin orada mi? Ayla: . Aydin simdi okulda, Blif: Sag olun, iyi akgamlar. C.— Hakan: Ali, sen misin? | Orhan: Hayir, ben Orhan, i Hakan: Ali____? Burada, bir dakikaUnit3 23, EXERCISES A, Provide appropriate responses for these sentences. Example: A: Selam, ne haber? > B: Iyilik, senden ne haber? 1. Ac Isleriniz nasil? B: 2. A: Hosa kalin. B: 3. A: Merhaba, adim John, Sizin adinz ne? B: 4, A: (Tanistigimiza) memnun oldum. B: ; 5. A: lyi geceler. B: B, Add the plural suffix to these nouns. Pay attention to vowel harmony rules. Example: kitap — kitaplar 1. han 2. bey 3. okul 4, arkadas 5. anne 6. baba 7.0 8. Ayse 9. Zeynep 10, frenci 11. masa 12, sandalye 3. ad 14, kapy 15. doktor C. Write out these numbers in Turkish. Example: 44 > fark doi a4 b.8 cll dI5 ¢.22 £47 g.60 h.89 i, 100 D. Translate into Turkish, 1. one person 2. two people 3. three books 4. four tables Z 5. eighteen taxis, 6. twenty-nine students 7. eighty dollarsUnit 3 8 E, Answer these questions based on the images and the model answer. << Q: Bu defter mi? A: Hayrr, (defter degil,)kitap. 1, Butelevizyon mu? 2. Bu kalem mi? 3. Bu sandalye mi? 4. Bu kedi mi? 5, Bu hamm mi? 6. Bu kus mu? 7, Bu hamburger mi? 8, Bu otobiis mit?64 Unit 3 F, Answer these questions based on the images. 1. Bune? 4, Bune? ee 6. Bunlar ne? G. Add the locative case ending to the following nouns. Pay attention to vowel and consonant harmony rules, Example: oda > odada 1. kigi 2. Ankara 3. tiniversite 4, arkadas 5. ben 6. babam 10 8. hastane 9. biz 10. masa 11. park 12. miize 13. Arzu Haim 14, doktorUnies 65 HL. Circle the correct word in each sentence, Example: Ojretmen (sinifta / siniftaym). ~» Oretmen sumfia. 1. (Sizin / benim) adinrz ne? 2. (Bunlar / bu) hanmalar kim? 3. (Siz./ sen) hasta misiniz? 4. Sizi aabeyim (Orhan / Orhan‘la) tamistirayim, 5. Iki (6Brenciler / dgrenci) okulda, 6, Siz (neredesin / neredesiniz)? 7. John Astanbul'da / Istanbul'dasiniz) mt? 8, Ben iyi bir (6frenciyim / 6grencisin), 9. Selim Bey simdi (evde / evdeyim).. T. Write ten sentences with the verb fo be, using the nouns and pronouns provided. Example: ben > Ben dokiorum. L siz 2, Mustafa (personal name) 3. bu 4, sen 5. aabeyin 6. mize 7, masa 8. han 9. 6jrenci 10, nerede? J. Form adjectives from the following nouns, using the derivative suffixes +11 and +sIz, Example: gerek > gerekli - gereksiz 1. sit 2. seker 3. para 4. tehlike 5. su 6. resim 7. ayakkkaby 8. akil 9. cocuk 10. gézlUk66 Unit K. Write E (erkek) for male and K (kadin) for female beside each of these names. Example: ...B.... Ergin Ayse .. Ebru Mustafa Hakan Zafer Aru aye LL. Match the sentences in column A with those in column B to create meaningful dialogues. A B 1, Nastlsiaiz efendim? .. a. Haydi gille gile 2. Ben Can Ozer. 'b. Hog bulduk. 3. Haydi eyvallah, «. Size de iyi geceler. 4, Orhan Bey orada mi? , Tegekkiir ederim, iyiyim. 5. Iglerin nasil? ¢. Ben de cok memnun oldum. 6. Ne var, ne yok? f. lyilik. Sende ne var, ne yok? 7. Hoy geldin. g. Ben Aynur. Memnun oldum. 8. lyi geceler. h. Cok iyi. 9, Tamstigimiza memnun oldum. Evet, kargida, 10. Hilton oteli bu caddede mi? Evet, burada, M. Translate into English. 9,0%oU 1. yi aksamlar. Benim adi Michael. Sizin adiz ne? 2, Memnun oldum, Ben gok iyiyim. Siz nasilsmrz? 3. Siz ofrenci misiniz? Evet, dgrenciyim. Bu bey profesér mi? Hayir, o égretmen. 4, Bu cocuklar ogrenci mi? Evet, onlar tiniversitede dgrenci 5, Bugiin hava gok stcak. 6. Affedersiniz, $ifa Hastanesi nerede? Oziir dilerim, bilmiyorum. 7. istanbul gok bityikk ve giizel bir kent. 8, Merhaba hocam, hog geldiniz. Hos bulduk. N. Translate into Turkish. 1, Are these books? Yes, they are books. This is a beautiful book. 2. Lam not a teacher. This building is not a school. Hasan is a student but John is not a student, 3. Who is this gentleman? Is this gentleman a teacher? No, he is not a teacher; he is a student. Are you a student at the university? What is your name? 4, Where is John? Is be at school today? Yes, John is at school today. Thank you very much. Goodbye. 5. Yes, this is a big city. No, this is not a big city. 6. How is the weather today? It is hot today. 7. That car is very beautiful.nti 24, VOCABULARY abla older sister aag [a:c] tree; wood alle [a:yile] family akil intelligence, mind, reason akalh intelligent, wise aligverig shopping, business alti six altmng [atmmis] sixty amea uncle (paternal) arka back, rear; reverse at- (-) to throw; to place hes five bil- (1) to know; to be aware bilgi knowledge, information bin thousand buguk (and a) half burada [burda] here ¢alig- (-/A) to work; to study; to try; to run (machine) dakika {dakka] minute (-) to wish, want, desire doksan ninety dokuz nine dondurnia ice cream dirt four durak stop (transportation) alli fifty erkek man, male €$ spouse; partner gerekli needed, necessary hasta sick, ill; patient hastane [hasta:ne] hospital hava weather; air hig no, not, not a all, never; ever, any ileri ahead, forward ileride [ilerde] further ahead kadar (A) until; amount; as .. as kahvalt: (ka:valti] breakfast karst (A) against; opposite, facing; toward Kedi cat ark forty ‘Kirmuzi red kkasa short kim who? Unit3 6 kisi person Komgu neighbor képek dog képrii bridge kage comer lira lira (monetary unit) mavi [ma-vi] blue mektup letter ‘memnun [memnu:n] pleased, satisfied memnun ol- (A/DAn) [memnu:n ol-] to be pleased (with) misafir (mise:fir] guest, visitor miidiir director, head, principal nasil how? ne what? nerede (nerde] where? oda room on ten orada [orda] there, over there otuz thirty para money Parastz free of charge; poor, penniless sart yellow say- (-/D) to count; to respect say number sekiz eight seksen cighty steak warm, hot sifir zero sol left seker sugar, candy simdi now gurada (surda] there tamis- (IA) to meet, get acquainted with taraf side, direction tatil [tail] vacation, holiday tehlike {te:like] danger tekrar repetition; again tur salt uzun long yedi seven yemek food; dish yesil green yetmig seventyIntroductions ing people where they aze = ‘pressing possession king for and giving personal information GRAMMAR “The derivative sufix -IE * Consonant alternations: -p, + in inal position ‘The genitive case # The interrogative pronoun: kimi Possessive sulfixes ‘The particle dA (Or questions with the verb tobe i Bed Konak Meydanr-izmir Turkey,1, CONVERSATION: Nerel Unit + iniz? merce Ali is introducing his colleague Maria to his friend John. Ali: John: Ali John: Maria: Jobn: Joba: Ali: Maria: John: Giinaydin John, nasilsin? Sag ol, iyiyim. Sen nasiisin? Sag ol, ben de iyiyim. Tamsirayim. Arkadasim Maria, — John. Merhaba Maria, nerelisiniz? ispanyol'um. Siz nerelisiniz? Ben Amerikalt'yim. Hangi sehirdensiniz? Malagahytm. Siz hangi sehirdensiniz John? Ben Bostonluyum. Ali sen nerelisin? Ben izmirliyim. Tanigtgumiza cok memnun oldum John, iyi gimler. Ben de. Tekear gériigmek tizere. 2. COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES For some older and established nationalities, Turkish uses specific words. Many other nationalities, however, are expressed with words conlaining the country name+ll suffix: ‘Good morning, John. How are you? 'm fine, thanks. How are you? Fine, thanks. Let me introduce (you to) my friend Maria. Maria, (this is) John, Hello, Maria. Where are you from? I'm from Spain, Where are you from? 1'm from the U.S. Which city are you from? (Cm from) Malaga. Which city are you from, John? (I'm from) Boston. Ali, where are you from? (I'm from) izmir. (it was) nice to meet you, John, Goodbye. Same here. See you again. ‘Supplementary vocabulary in this section lists some of these. Ulkeler Milliyetler Ulkeler Milliyetter Almanya Germany Alman German italya Italy italyan Italian Bulgaristan Bulgaria Bulgar Bulgarian Japonya Japan Japon Japanese Ermenistan Armenia Ermeni Armenian Kazakistan Kazakhstan Kazak Kazakh Fransa France Fransiz French Macaristan Hungary Macar Hungarian Giircistan Georgia Git ingiltere England in; iskogya Scotland ispanya Spain i Georgian ingiliz English Isko¢ Scot, Scottish ispanyol Spanish Ozbekistan Uzbekistan Ozbek Uzbek Romanya Romania Rusya Russia ‘Tirkiye Turkey Romen Romanian Rus Russian Tiirk TurkishUni Supplementary vocabulary ina Substitution drill: Fill in the missing words. Country Nationality Amerika Amerikah Brezilyalt Kanada Irlandaly ranks Portekiz Polonyaly Afrika (Africa) Antarktika (Antarctica) Asya (Asia) Avrupa Europe) Amerika (South America) Kuzey Amerika (North Am¢ City Istanbul Ankara Paris Konya Diyarbakir 1 ABD stands for Amerika Birlesik Devletlert (United States of America), ‘Ulkeler Milliyetler Amerika (ABD)* USA Ameri American Arjantin Argentine Arjantinli Argentinian Avustralya Australia Ayustralyah Australian Avusturya Austria Avusturyah Austrian Belcika Belgium Belgikalt Belgian Brezilya Brazil Brezilyah Brazilian Cin China Gini Chinese Danimarka Denmark Danimarkal Danish Finlandiya Finland Finlandiyah Finnish Hindistan India Hindi Indian Hollanda Holland Hollandab = Dutch Irak Jaq TrakivArap — Iragi/Arab iran Tran iran Persian, [ranian anda Treland irlandah, Trish israil Israel israilli/Yahudi Israeli/Jewish isveg Sweden isveci Swede Isvigre Switzerland isvicreli Swiss Kanada Canada Kanadah = Canadian Meksika Mexico Meksikah Mexican Misr Egypt Misirl/Arap — Egyptian/Arab Norveg Norway Norvecli Norwegian Polonya Poland Polonyah Polish Portekiz Portugal Portekizi Portuguese Suriye Syria Suriyeli/Arap Syrian/Arab Yunanistan Greece ‘Yunanh Greek Kitalar (Continents): | Giiney ) Okyanusya (Oceania) | Be re en eee cere cic cte Native of Istanbullu Bostonlu izmirli3. WORD FOCUS: The derivative suffix +11 The derivative suffix +I (+h, +i, Hu, +lii) is used to denote the native of a city or a country, when appended to a place name, Amerika — America Amerika American Avusturya Austria Avusturyalt Austrian iran Tran iran Iranian istanbul Istanbul Istanbullu native of Istanbul inmir Tamir izmir native of amir Boston Boston Bostonlu native of Boston Q: Ben Tiirk'tim. Siz nerelisiniz? I'm Turkish. Where are you from? A: Ben Amerikalt'ym. I'm from the U.S. Q: Ben Ankarahyim. Siz nerelisiniz? I'm from Ankara, Where are you from? A: Ben Bostonluyum, I'm from Boston. Adium José. Adm Abdullah, Meksikal'y Arap'um ve Medineliyim.| Adim Rosario, ispanyol'um ve Madridliyim. Q: Jose nereli? A: Jose (/0) Meksikab, Q: Abdullah Fransizm? A: Hayir, (Abdullah) Arap. Q: Rosario Madridli mi? A: Evet, (Rosario) Madridli. EXERCISE: Answer the questions below. Paris nerede? -» A: Paris Fransa'da. 1. Kanada nerede? 2. New York nerede? 3. Ankara nerede? 4, Tirkiye nerede? 5. Gin nerede? 6. Londra nerede? 7, Berlin Fransa’da mm? 8, New York Kanada'da m:? Example:Substitution drills 1.Q Nerelisini 2. Q: Ali istanbullu mu? (Ash) (Hakan) 1. A: Nerelisiniz? A: Ben Bu kuz kim? A: Adi ne? A: Linda nereli? A: Steve ve John nereli? 3. A: Amerika misniz? 4. A: Ankarali msimz? Q Madonna nereli? A: Madonna / 0... + To ask What city are you from?, one can say Nerelis to which the response is (Ben) [city name]lyim. Q: Hangi sehirdensin(iz)? What city are you from? Unita B A: (Ben) Tiirk'im. (Amerikah) (Avustralyali) A: Hayir, Sivash, (Adana) (Konya) Q: Prens Charles Alman m1? A: Haytr, Class activity: Guided dialogues B: Ben Turk'dm. Siz nerelisiniz? B: Yeni dgrenci. B: Linda, (Linda) B: Onlar Amerikah, B: Hays, i B: Evet, yim, / Hays, degilim, iz)? or Hangi sehirdensin(iz)? ‘A: (Ben) Konyalyum, Note also that the question Nerelisin(iz)? is @ general question meaning Where are you jrom? The response can indicate a country, a city, or even a neighborhood. The question Hangi sehirdensin(iz)?, however, asks particularly about a city. + To inquire specifically about someone's nationality ot citizenship, one can ask Milliyetin(iz) ne? (What is your nationality?) to which the response is (Ben) [nationality\(y)im. Q: Milliyetin(iz) ne? What is your nationality? A: (Ben) Amerikal'yim. A; (Ben) Alman'im,1” 1. Q:a) Ingiliz misiniz? b) Nerelisiniz? 4. Q: a) Adinz ne? b) Nerelisiniz? 2. Qa) Bostonlu musumuz? b) Hangi sehirdensiniz? 3. Q:a) Kanadah misinz? ) Amerikalt misintz? Unita Dialogue: Hangi sehirdensiniz? Gzge: Nerelisin(iz)? Where are you from? Mark: (Ben) Amerikah'yim. I'm from America. Ozge: Hangi sehirdensin(iz)? What city are you from? Mark (Ben) Los Angeleshyim. I'm from Los Angeles. Gxge: George nereli? Where is George from? Mark: (O) Avustraly: Hangi gehirden? What city is he from? Sidneyli. He's from Sydney. He is Australian, EXERCISE: Circle the question that corresponds to the given answer Example: Q: a) Sig Avustralyah musinz? A: Hayir, Amerikah'yrm, ) Siz Mary misiniz? A: Evet. A: Hayir, New Yorkluyum, A: Hayit, Amerikal'yim, A: Michael. Class activity: Interview three classmates and fill out the chart, Admuz ne? Soyadmuz ne? Nerelis iz? | Hangi gehirdensiniz? 1a)... Evet, direnci, 2. a) senses Pransiz. 4. a)... Adanab, 3. a) wees Evet, Londra, 4, LISTENING: Nerelisiniz? & TRACK 15 Listen to the dialogue, Then select the correct answers to the questions you hear. b) snes Haya, OBretmen. b) snes TU, ) sun Haytr, Manchester b) vee Amaral 28 Vowel harmony rules after foreign words are not always applied uniformly. The choice of an appropriate suffix is generally based on the pronunciation of the foreign word.Unita 6 5. CONVERSATION: Bu anahtarlar senin mi? & TRACK 16 The party at Orhan's is over. As they are parting, his friends are looking for their belongings. Ali: Anahtarlarum nerde? Gérdiiniiz mii? Where are my keys? Have you seen them? Orhan: Bu anahtarlar senin mi? Are these (Keys) yours? Ali: Haytr, onlar Hasan'n No, they are Hasan's, ‘Tamam, benim anahtarlarum burada. OK, here are my keys. Orhan: Bu géalik kimin? Whose glasses are these? Ash: © benim gizliigiim galiba, Bakaymm, —_I think they are my glasses. Let me see Yok, bu benim degil. (them.) No, they aren't mine. Orhan: Senin gal Asli, what color are your glasses? Ash: Kahverengi. Brown. Orhan: Bak, seninki bu herhalde. Look, these are probably yours. Ash: Tamam, o benim gézliigiim. Sag ol. Yes, they are mine. Thanks. Supplementary vocabulary coket jacket eldiven gloves saat watch cep telefon cell phone rit matches sapka hat ceiizdan wallet paket package gemssiye umbrella esarp scarf rruj lipstick tarak comb Substitution drills 1. Q Anahtarim nerde? A: Burada, (sapka) (telefon) (ctizdan) 2. Q: Bu anahtar senin mi? A; Evet, benim, | (para) (semsiye) Hayir, benim degil. (g6zl0k) ): Bu gézliik kimin? A: Benim. (kitap) (paket) Hasan‘. (ceket) Q: Bu senin gézkiigiin mi? vet, benim gézligiim. (eldiven) (ru) Haytr, benim rujum degil, (tarak)Unit 4 -k in final position CONSONANT ALTERNATIONS: -p, -¢, -! t, or -k undergo sound changes when suffixes beginning with vowels d, and - respectively. Words ending in -p, are added to them. In these cases, «p, -¢, -t, and -k become -b, ‘This change occuis in both writing and pronunciation: ib kitap (book)+n = kitabin; cevap (answer)tin = cevabin; gorap (socks)-+ ‘fe aac (tree)+in = agaein; ihtiyag (need)+mn = ihtiyaem; geng (young)+in t/a kanat (wing)+an = kanadin; armut (pear)+un = armudun; umut (hope)+u k/& sokak (street)+in = sokagan; durak (stop)+n = duran; iyilik (goodness)+in However, when the suffix begins with a consonant, these changes do nor take place: kitap + ta = kitapta; cevap + ta = cevapta; agag + ta = aacta; ihtiyag + ta = ihtiyacta, kkanat + ta = kanatta; armut + fa = armutta; sokak + ta = sokakta; iyilik + te = iyilikte «Although quite common, this alternation rule is by no means absolute. There are many words that do not undergo this change: market (market)+in = marketin; hayat (life)+in = hhayatin + This voicing of the final consonant may also occur in some monosyllabic words: kap (pot}4in = kabin; gok+u = cou; ug (point, end)+u = we «© This change also occurs in proper nouns, this change is not reflected in writing: Ahmet+in= Ahmetin [dhmedin}; Gaziantep+in = Gaziantep'in [ga:ziantebin} 7. GRAMMAR POLD ‘The genitive case creates a possessive relationship between the nominal element to which it is altached (such as nouns, pronouns, verbal nouns, or participles) and another nominal element. The first nominal usually, but not always, immediately precedes the second nominal. The genitive case suffix is usually translated into English with of o's: he genitive case The genitive case endings are +(n)Inz For words ending in a consonant: 4an, +in, +n, +i For words ending in a vowel: +m, +nin, +num, +niin arkadaslarm (of the friends) _kapimun (of the door) Hasan’mm (Hasan’s) marketlerin (of the markets) _caddenin (of the avenue) ‘Ahmetin (Ahmet's) okulun (of the school) Komgunun (of the neighbor) _benim (my, mine) asansértin (of the elevator) —_sitiin (of the milk) iyiligin (of goodness) Okulun kapist bu tarafta. The door of the school is this way. Ali'nin evi Istanbul'da. Ali's house is in Istanbul. 26 The overwhelming majority of verbal roots are not subject to these changes.: Unit n + Note that the pronouns ben and biz have irregular genitive case endings (+im instead of - +in). Genitive case forms of the personal and demonstrative pronouns benim my, mine bunun of this senin your, yours sunun of that nun his / her / hers / its ‘onun of that | bizim our, ours bunlarm of these | sizin your, yours suntarin of those | onlari their, theirs ‘onlarim of those | Scere eee cece See eee eee eee eee ereeeeee ence eeeeeeeeeee| Notes ‘When pronouns in the genitive case are used as possessive adjectives, they mean my, your, her, and so on. Benim kitabim masada, My book is on the table. i Senin cantan nerede? Where is your bag? Bizim yeni arabamuz gok giizel. Our new car is very beautiful. A noun or pronoun in the genitive case can serve as a predicate in a nonverbal sentence where it means mine, yours, hers, and so on. Bu kitap benim. This book is mine. B n. This pen is yours. Bu yeni araba bizim. This new car is ours. + Two exceptions: ‘The genitive forms of the words su and ne are suyun (of water) and \ neyin (of what), and not *swnun and *nenin, EXERCISES A. Add the appropriate genitive case endi > the Following nouns / pronouns. Example: siz —> sizin 1. sen 6. onlar 2. gocuk 7. Turkiye 3. park 8. sokak 4. ben 9.ev 5. Ankara 10. oda B. Translate into English, 7. benim 8. duragin 9. misafirin, Amerika'min 10. kiitiphanenin . aacin 11. garajin . gayin 12. Alfnin aveeneUnits Dialogue: Bu araba senin mi? | Elif; Leyla, bu araba senin mi? Leyla, is this car yours? | Leyla: Hayir, benim deBil, Hasan'm. No, it's not mine. It's Hasan's. | | Blif: Bu kurmizi bisiklet kimin? Whose red bike is this? Leyla: Bilmiyorum, Galiba komsumuzun. I don't know. I think, it's our neighbor's. 8, WORD FOCUS: The interrogative pronoun: kimin ‘The interrogative pronoun kimin (whose) is formed by adding the genitive case ending +in to the pronoun kim (who). Q Bu kitap kimin? Whose book is this A: Benim, (It is) mine. Or Bu kitap benim. This book is mine. Q: O kalemler kimin? Whose pens are those? A: (O kalemler) arkadagimin, Those pens are my friend's. Substitution drill Q: Bu canta kimin? Ce A: Leyla'nn. (bilet) ed = 5 (gretmen) (gazete) Vey (Ayse) (Gaal) x (kardesim) EXERCISE: Answer the following questions, using the model provided. Examples: Bu ev kimin? > Bu ev benim. Bu ev Aynur'un mu? — Evet, Aynur'un. or Hayir, Aynur'un degil | 1, Bu kalem kimin? 2. Bu souk cay kimin? 3. Bu gazete kimin? 4, Kitaplar kimin? 5. Bu ceket kimin? 6. Yeni elbiseler bizim mi? 7. Kuma bisiklet Hasan'in mi? 8, Bu defierle kitap kardeginin mi? 9, Bu ilging kitap senin mi? 10. Bu canta Alinin mi?Unit 4 p 9. GRAMMAR POINT: Possessive suffixes Possession in Turkish is expressed throu; the first is the possessor and the second is in the genitive case, st by a possessive suffix, such as book), senin adin (your name), Singular Ist person: 2nd person: 3rd person: Plural Ist person: 2nd person: 3rd person: Dm +n +9)1 +(Dmiz +(nlz +9)1/ Study the following forms: ‘h as benim, senin, or igh a compound structure containing two elements: the possessed. The possessor is a noun or a pronoun Gzge'nin, and the possessed is a noun marked kitabim, adi, or kalemi, for example, benim kitabmm (my or Ozge'nin kalemi (Ozge's pen). Possessive suffixes +0)m, +()m, +(u)m, +(4)m, +0), +()n, +(u)n, +n HS), HS)i, Hu, +5)ii +()miz, +(i)miz, +(u)muz, +(ii)miiz +0)n, +()niz, +(u)nuz, +(ii)niiz HS), H9)i, H5)u, +(8)ii / (Hari, Heri) lArl) ad (aame) ‘oda (room) benim adm = my name my room senin adm your name senin odan your room his / her /its name onun odasi his / her / its room our name bizim odamuz, our room your name sizin odanwz ‘your room their name(s) onlarm odast/odalart their room(s) doktor (doctor) komgu (neighbor) benim dokiorum my doctor benim komsum my neighbor senin doktorun’ your doctor senin komgun your neighbor onun doktoru his / her / its doctor ‘onun komsusu his / her / its neighbor bizim doktorumuz our doctor sizin doktorunuz your doctor onlarm doktor / their doctor(s) doktorlart Note: The possessive suffixes compound already indicate who omitted, unless it is needed for e kitabim, or evi instead of onun evi. bizim komsumuz sizin komsunuz ‘onlarin komsusu / komsulart our neighbor your neighbor their neighbori(s) at the end of the possessed (or second) element of the the possessor is. So the possessor (or first) element is usually "mphasis, for example, one can say kitabum instead of benim a oe ibis section deals only with compound structures with personal pronouns 2s possessors; for genitive- Possessive compounds with nouns as possessors, see Unit 11, Section 980 Unita benim kitabm = or ~—kitabm my book senin adin or adm your name onun evi or evi his / her / its house bizim kitabmz — or —_kitabmmuz our book sizin adimz or admmz your name onlarm eviler}i or” evi /evleri_ their house(s) Other characteristics of the possessive suffixes are: * The possessed noun may also be plural: (benim) evim (my house): (benim) evlerim (my houses); onun kitaby (his / her book); onun kitaplant (his / her books). Other case endings ‘may follow the possessive suffixes: okulumda (at my School): odasmda (in his /her room); evimizin (of our house); Kentinizin (of your city). ‘he buffer consonant after third-person possessive suffixes and pronouns is m and not y: evinde (in his / her house); gantalarinda (in their briefcases). For more information on this buffer letter, see Unit 11, Section 11. * In the third-person plural, if the possessed object is singular, the possessive suffix is the seme as for the third-person singular +(9)I: onlarm evi (their house). If the possessed object is plural, then Art is used: ontarin evleri (their houses). When the subject pronoun is not indicated, the third-person form may be ambiguous in meaning, that is, arabalart may mean (his eats), or (their car), + In written Turkish, when words ending in a the fisst-person singular possessive suffix, they become identical to the present tense verb 10 be forms, Thus, doktorum may mean (my doctor) as well as (am a doctor). This ambiguity does not exist in spoken Turkish because of different accent patterns, that is, doktoram (my doctor) and doktorum (I am a doctor). The subject pronoun or the possessor is used in written Tuskish ‘0 avoid this ambiguity, for example, benim doktorum (my doctor), and Ben doktorum. (Lama doctor). * Typically the possessive suffix of the Possessed noun is not omitted. However, if the ossessor is in the first or second-person, you can omit its suffix, for example, benim oda for odam or benim odam (my room), sizin bahge for bahgeniz ot sizin bahgeniz (your garden). This usage is less common for the third-person. * Two exceptions: The possesive forms of the words su and ne ate: suyum, suyun, suyu, Suyumuz, suyunuz, suyu/sulary; and neyim, neyin, neyi,2* neyimiz, neyiniz, neyi/neleri. Zhe order of suffixes is: derivationtnumberspossessivescase, for example, giizelligine (to her beauty), yardimelarimm (of my helpers), dfretmenlerinizde (on / with your teachers), 28 Nest is also usedEXERCISE Write the possessive suffixes for the following nouns, according to the cues provided. Example: masa (my) —> masam 1. kitap (his) 2. kardes (her) 3. kallem (your/pl) 4, defter (your/sing.) 5, okul (our) 6. baba (my) 7. ev (their) 8. ad (its) 9, eeket (her) 10. abla (his) Substitution drill 1. Q: Evin nerede? A: Evim lzmir'de. (komsu) 3. Q: Kardegin dgrenci mi? A: Hayur, sekreter. (abla) (aBabey) 4. Q: Bu senin kitabn nu? A: Evet, benim kitabim. (siz) ©) nary 10. WRITING >% ‘Write eight questions modeled on the examples. Examples: Bu ganta kimin? Bu kalem senin mi?2 Unie Dialogue: Bu senin kalemin mi a [re Ali, bu senin kalemin mi? Ali is this your pen? | | All Evet, benim kalemim. Cok saj ol. Yes, itis my pen, Thank ‘you very much, | Ebru Ba sé kimin SéAKIRA? Whose dictionary is this ATi O Can'm sialigi, Benim si2igiim cantamda. Its Can's dictionary. My dictionary isin my bag Class activity 1. Practice the dialogue in pairs, 2, Practice the dialogue aguin substituting other items for those in the original, EXERCISES A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate posses suffixes. Example: Onun kardes_nerede? — Onun kardesi nerede? 1. Senin ev__ biiyiik mii? 2. Bizim ev__izmir'de, 3. Senin araba__ garajda mi? 4. Benim para__az. 5. Onlanin yeni ev__ cok giizel 6A lig masada dedi 7. Senin yeni bisiklet_farmizi am? 8. Benim kitab__sende mi? 9. Sizin kiz__ kim? B, Provide affirmative and negative answers to the questions i Example: Eviniz biyikk mi? > A: Kvet, evim bilyiik. / Mays, evim bilyiik degil, 1. Kardesiniz 6grenci mi? 2. Cayin soguk mu? 3. Kitaplariniz masada m1? 4. Eginiz. Amerikalt m? 5. Komsun iste mi? i Substitution drilt : Q Bu kitap senin mi? A: Haynr, Ayge'nin ’ (kalem) (kardesim) L (gazete) (Leyla) i‘ (bisikten) (agabeyim)Unita 3 i. COLORS bej beige Jorma red sart yellow beyaz white lacivert navy blue siyah black gri gray mavi blue furuneu orange kahverengi brown pembe pink yesil green Supplementary vocabulary agik light renk color renksiz colorless; black&white koyu dark Fenkli colored; in color Dialogue: Yeni araban ne renk? :: Sinan, yeni araban ne renk? Sinan, what color is your new car? Kirmua., (It's) ed, : Ooo, karmuat cok giizel bir renk. Ah, red is a very nice color. Senin araban ne renk Cem? Cem, what color is your car? Benim arabam mavi. My car is blue. : sme renk? What color (is / are)...? @ Duvar ne renix?2 What color is the wall? A: (Duvar) beyaz. (The wall is) white. Q Cigek ne renk? What color is the flower? A: (Cicelo) sar. (The flower is) yellow. Class activity ‘Complete the following dialogues. Then practice them in pairs. 1. Q: Yeni gémleiniz ne renk? A: Yesil. 2. Q: Bu kalem ne renk? 3. Q Cantan ne renk? 4. Q: Bisikletin ne renk? A 5. Q: Deniz sari mi? A: Hayir, 6.Q: Yesil kalem sizin mi? A: 7. Q: Mavi gimlek giizel mi? A: * The word renk becomes reng when a suffix starting with a vowel is added, for example, rengl (its color) If the suffix begins with a consonant, the final k is preserved, for example, renkli (colored),Ba Uni 4 12, GRAMMAR POINT: The particle dA ‘You have seen the following sentences in previous sections: Ben de cok memnun oldum, I am also very pleased to meet you. Ben de iyiyim. I am fine, too. © cocuk da dgrenei. That child is also a student. O da istanbul'da. S/he is also in Istanbul. Egi de doktor. His / her spouse is also a doctor. The particle dA means also, too, It immediately follows the word(s) to which it refers and conforms to two-way vowel harmony rules. It also means and, as for when used in contrastive statements: Arkadagim Orhan. Bu da Ozlem. (This) is my friend Orhan. And this is Ozlem, Bu bey doktor, bu bey de hasta. This gentleman is a doctor, and this gentleman is a patient. Do not confuse the particle dA with the locative case ending HDA as there is a distinct difference in meaning. The particle dA is written separately unlike the locative case ending that is appended to words. Ben Ankara'da oturuyorum, Kardesim de Ankara'da oturuyor. I live in Ankara, My sibling also lives in Ankara. ‘The locative case ending also follows consonant harmony rules and its initial d becomes t after being appended to words ending in a voiceless consonant. Ahmet Bey by ‘The particle dA, however, does not follow consonant harmony rules. Ahmet de sinemaya gidiyor. Ahmet is also going to the cinema, In spoken Turkish, the distinction is indicated by different accent patterns. Arabada yok. (It's) not in the car. Araba da yok, And there is no car. dh 48 Me fe 2 Ash Ofirenci. Aya da é&renei. EXERCISE: Write six sentences modeled on the example. Example: Ben Amerikalt'yim. > Ben de Amerikal'yim. t 1. Ben gok iyiyim. 4, Zeynep okulda. 3 2. Kardesim doktor. 5. Ali hasta degi 3. Bugiin biraz yorgunum, 6, John dgretmen,Unita 85 Dialogue: Amerikah musimz, ingiliz mi? Gocuk: Siz turist misiniz? Are you a tourist? ‘Turist: Evet, turistim, Yes, | am, Amerikalt mstmz, ingiliz mi? Are you American or British? ‘am, Lam (an) American, : Tiirkiye giizel mi? Is[n't] Turkey beautiful? Evet, cok giizel. Yes, very beautiful, | Pe eh eee 13. GRAMMAR POINT: Or questions with the verb fo be In oF questions, two choices are presented by the person asking the question with the aor ean that one of the choices willbe selected by the person responding. In order to fons Sn or question with verb ro be, the ml particle must be repeated after both choices. Bu defter mi, Kitap mi? Is this a notebook ot a book? Bu sapka senin mi, kardesinin mi? Is this your hat or your sibling's? Ofgrenci misin, Sgretmen misin? Are you a student ors teacher? Bugiin hava giizel mi, degil mi? Is the weather today nice or not? Class activity Complete the following dialogues. Then practice them in pairs 1. Q: Arabaniz eski mi, yeni mi? A: (Arabam) eski, 2. Q: Cay steak mt, soguk mu? A: (Cay) 3: Qi Tarkiye'de simdi gece mi, gindiz mi? A: Turkiyede simdi_—_ 4. Q Bu sozlik senin mi, arkadasimn m? == A: 5. Q: Bu senin kitabm mi, Alinin kitabi mi? A; qe 6. Q: Deniz mavi mi, sant m1? A: 7. Q Kitap ilging mi, degil mi? AEE 8. Q Sen dérenci misin, degil misin? Aree 9-Q Siz Amerika misiniz, Kanadaht mi? A:a — ie sstaieeeee 14, DIALOGUE Hasan: Merhaba, siz turist misiniz? John: Evet, turistim. Tiirkiye'ye hos geldiniz. Nerelisiniz? : Hos bulduk. Ben Ingiliz'im. Bu hamm da benim egim. Adt Margaret. Esiniz Ingiliz mi, Amerikal m? i: O da Ingiliz. ingiltere'de hangi sehirdensiniz? Ben Londraltyim, esim Brightonh, Siz nerelisiniz? Ben Edimeliyim, Edime nerede? Edime Istanbul'dan tg saat uzakta, John: Eviniz burada mi, Edime'de mi? Hasan: Benim evim Edirne'de. istanbul'da tatildeyim, 15. GRAMMAR POINT: The infinitive The Turkish infinitive is formed by adding the suffix -mAK (-mak, -mek) to the verb stem or root. The choice of front or back vowel version is determined by the final vowel of the verbal Stem. The Turkish infinitive is the equivalent of the English infinitive, to + verb: yaumak (to write); konugmak (to speak); bilmek (to know) gitmek (to 20) ‘The infinitive suffix represents an action, without denoting time or person, Note: In this book, the infinitive form of a verb is indicated by a hyphen (-) after the verbal stem, for example: al- = almak (to buy); oku- = okumak (to read): bile = bilmek (to know) ot git: = gitmek (to go). Verbs are listed in the infinitive forms in Turkish dictionaries. EXERCISE ‘Add the infinitive suffix to these verbs. Pay attention to vowel harmony rules, Example: bil + bilmek Lal 11, anla 2. gel 12. yan 3. oku 13, otur 4. affet 14. Konus 5. kal 15. bekle 16. tamistur 17. gor 18, tekrar et 19. ye 20. tamUnit4 87 16. EXERCISES A, Answer the question "Nerelisiniz?” based on the ‘cues provided. Example: Q: Nerelisiniz? (German) —» a: Ben Alman'im. 1. (Swede) 2. Russian) 3. (Iranian) 4. (American) 5. (Arab) 6. (Turkish) 7. (French) 8, (irish) B. Add possessive suffixes to these nouns, Fxample: defter —> defterim, defierin, defter, defterimiz, defteriniz, defteri | defterieri Lad 2. cigek 3. kardeg 4. anne 5. Kalem 6. sokak lev 8. okul 9. oda C. Put the following nouns into the genitive case, =~ Example: okul > okulun 1. gigek dev 3. gocuk 4. alfa 5. kitap 6. kardesimm 7. iyilik 8. defier 9. kanat88 Unit 4 D. Identify yourself. 1. Adz: 2. Soyadinez: 3. Ev adresiniz: 4, Telefon numaraniz: 5. Yasimz: 6. Nerelisiniz: 17. Aginiz: E, Answer these questions. Example: Brad Pitt nereli? —» Brad Pitt / O Amerikal. 1. Linda ingiliz mi? 2. Siz doktor musunuz? 3. Aynur é 4. Othan dGretmen mi? 5. Bu gozliik kimin? 6. Anabtarlarum nerede? 7. Kirmizi kalem Ali'nin mi? F. Match the people with their nationalities. 1, Mao Tse Tung seed Rus 2. Thomas Edison b. Hint 3. Vladimir Putin cc. Kanadalt 4, Atattirk 4. ispanyol 5. Celine Dion e.— Amerikalt 6. Mahatma Ghandi EEeeE Ingiliz 7. Leonardo da Vinci we 8 Cin 8, Pablo Picasso bh. Filistinli 9. Prens Charles Turk 10. Yasser Arafat italyan G. Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes. Example: Bu gézliik ben__. = Bu gizliik benim. 1, Bu kim__kitabr? 2. Bu defer sen__ mi? 3. Kirmuzi araba arkadagim_—_ 4, Benim ev__ cok biiytik degil. 5. Sizin ev__hangisi? 6. Senin ayakckab1___siyah mu, kahverengi mi? 7. Bu Alinin telefon__ mu? 8, Onun ganta___nerede? 9, Ben__arabam garajda. pee eeeUnits 1H. Match the colors in column B to the appropriate nouns in column A. A B 1. deniz seo a. turuncu 2. sit .~, kahverengi 3. portakal (orange) . karmizt 4, taksi d. renksiz 5. gay e. mavi 6. kahve f. sar Tsu . siyah 8. gece Ih beyaz, I. Provide an appropriate question word. Example: Adinz__? = Adinuz ne? 1, Bu canta 2 2. Kardesini ?Istanbulda nm? 3. Anneniz iyi mi? 4, Géaliiginiz 2 5. Babanizin adi? 6. Bu hanim 2 Komsunuz mu? ‘T. Merhaba Zeynep, _sin? 8. Universite? 9. Steve ’Amerikali mi? J. Create or questions using the words provided. Example: araba - senin - kardesinin = Araba senin mi, kardesinin mi? g6zlerin - mavi - kahverengi ahve - sicak - soguk Kardegin - ofrenci - ogretmen kitap - giizel - degil . sittema - bu sokak - dbitr sokak gémlegin - yeni -eski . kentiniz - biytk - kiigtik . annen ~ Fransiz.- Alman SIAN EYNE K, Translate into English. 1, Methaba, ben ingilizim. Adim John Hutchinson. Londraliyim, 2. Londra ¢ok bityiik, ama gok eski bir Kent. Annem ve babam da Londra. 3. Ben tarih Ojretmeniyim. Kaz arkadagtm Linda Iskog. Linda tiniversitede 8renci 4. Evimiz biraz kiigik, ama cok giizel 5. Benim arabam kurmuzs, ama bisikletim mavi, Linda'nn arabast yesil, 89L. Translate into Turkish. 1. Good morning. Iam from France. My name is Pierre. I am from Paris. 2. This is my friend Paolo. He is Italian. Paolo is my neighbor. 3, Are you French? No, I am (an) American. I am not a doctor. | am an engineer. 4, What is this? This is a book. Whose book is this? It is my book. 5. What color is your book? It is yellow 6. Is that gentleman your sibling? Yes, he is my sibling.17. VOCABULARY agik light (colors) adres address affet- (I) to excuse, forgive ak white al- (I) to buy; to get; to take, receive anahtar key anla- (I) to understand, comprehend Asya Asia ‘Avrupa Europe az few, little, small bej beige bekle- (1) to wait, expect beyaz white bilet ticket birlesik united bul- (1) to find; to discover ceket jacket cep pocket; cell phone cep telefonu cell phone de. (-) to say eczane [e72a:ne] pharmacy elbise clothes, dress ki old (for things) galiba [ga:li:ba:] I think, I suppose garaj garage gel- (A/DAn) to come, arrive gomlek shirt g6r- (1) to see g6riig- (IA) to see each other, meet; to speak (on the phone) gri gray giil- (A) to laugh (at) giindiiz daytime hangi which? herhalde [heralde] probably ingiliz English kahverengi [ka:verengi] brown kal- (DA) to stay; to remain kuz arkadag girliriend Uni 4 % kimin whose? koltuk armchair; seat onug- (1A) to speak, talk Koyu dark (color); strong (tea, coffee) kiigiik small, little; younger lacivert [la:civert] navy blue iyet nationality mor purple nereli where from? numara number oku- (I/-) to read; study ofur- (DA) to sit (down); to live, reside bir the other paket package, parcel; pack pembe pink portakal orange renk color renkli colored seninki yours sinema movies, cinema siyah black séyle- (I/A) to say, tell sus- (-) to be silent sapka hat sehir city tant- (1) to know (a person); to recognize tamistir- (V/A) to introduce (one person) to (another) tarih history; date turist tourist furuncu orange (color) uzak far, distant iilke country yakin near (to), close-by ryan side; flank yas age yaz- (I) to write94 Units A. Add the suffix -sIz to these nouns, Example: anne > annesiz 1. pilot 2, dfretmen 3. profesir 4. 6Brenci S.ev 6.tuz 7. resim 8. kitap 9. gocuk 10. bilet B, Make these nouns plural Example: kent > kentler 1. anne 2. Amerikal: 3. market 4. kedi 5. Offetmen 6. isc 7. sayt 8. gozlik 9, oda 10. kitap C. Study the example and write similar sentences. Example: (I/ teacher ... you / student) -* Ben 6gretmenim, ama sen dgrencisin, 1. We / workers ... they / doctors) . 2. Phis / book ... that / notebook) 3. This book / interesting ... that book / not)... 4. (We/ American ... they / Turkish) . 5. (Tea / red ... coffee / brown) ieee 6. (This man / teacher ... that woman / lawyer) . 7. (Notebook / here ... pencil / not)Units 95 D. [dentify the following sentences as formal or informal. Formal Informal Example: Sai ol, iyiyim. v 1. Ayse Hamm, nasilsiniz? 2. Siz nerelisiniz? 3, Sen kimin gocugusun? 4, Mesleginiz. ne? 5. Eyvallah, ben gidiyorum 6. Kusura bakmay:n. 7. Senin adin ne? 8. Sen Ankaralt misin? 9, Tamistigiumiza memnun oldum, E. Read the answers. Then fill in the blanks with the appropriate question words, Example: Q: John, soyadimz. ne? A: Soyadim Healey. 1. Bugin hava 2 A: Cok soguk. 2.Q Linda ___sehirden? A: Linda Bostonlu, 3. Q: Ofretmeniniz 2 A: Hasan Bey. 4. Q Afffedersiniz, adiniz 2 A: Adim Linda. 5.Q:Siz____? A: Alman'im. 6.Q sz? A: Teyekkiir ederim, gok iyiyimn, 7. Q Eezane A: Yan sokakta, F. Study the example and form similar sentences. Example: Rusya > Ben Rus'um, 1. Suriye Ben 2. Almanya Ben 3. Tiirkiye Ben 4. italya Ben 5. irlanda Ben 6. Fransa Ben 7. ispanya Ben : 8. ingiltere Ben 9. Arabistan Ben96 Unit s G. Fill in the blanks to create a meaningful dialogue. A: Merkaba, nasilsimz? B: Tesekktir ederim, iyiyim, A: ———_ nastlsimiz? a olun, ben iyiyim. B: Siz bu tniversitede 68renci misiniz? A: +ben_____ delim, OBretmenim. Istanbullu musunuz? B: Haysr, Lzmiliyim, A:lzmir__ "9 B: lomir Ege Bélgesi'nde A: lamir giizel bit kent mi? B: 0k giizel bir kent. A: Sizin esiniz de Yzmirti mi? B: Hayur, Konyab A: Konya bilyiik___? B: Bvet, AHL Translate into Turkish, 1. inthe room 2. om the street 3. im the park 4. of the library 5. on you 6. mine 7. at home 8. of the friend Write K (kacim) for female names and E (et kek) for male names. Example: ....B, Hasan Aynur Leyla Fatma Can Selim Sema Mehmet Ali AshSES Unit s J. Supply the missing letter Example: Ankaraly_m —* Ankarahyim 1. adin_z 6. arkadagl_r 7. bilets_z 8. ilgin— 9. gézl__kler K. Provide the appropriate possessive suffixes, using the cues provided. Example: ad__(my) -> adum 1. arkadas__ (his) 2.ev__ (our) 3. defter__ (her) 4. dergi__ (youripl.) 5. araba__ (your/sing.) 6. kapi__ (its) 7. amea__ (your/sing.) 8. tgtk__ (its) L, Crossword puzzle 2 1 4 3 5 TT) Clues 1 left 2. over there 3. nine 4. (bus)stop 5. whose98, Unit 5 M. Write appropriate questions forthe following answers, Example: Evet, bu kitap. > Bu kitap mi? 1. Evet, okulumuz cok biiytik. 2. Haysr, o kalem degil, 3. Ben Fransiz'm, 4. Hasan Ankarah, 5. Tegekktit ederim, iyiyim, 6, Bu bey benim arkadasim, 7. Hayir, babam izmirli degil, 8, Evet, John Amerikalh. 9. Haysr, ben doktor degilim, 'N. Connect the conjunction ile to the preceding nouns, B ‘ample: annem ile babam ~» annemle babam 1. Ankara ile istanbul 2. kalem ile defter 3. gocuk ile annesi 4. bakkal ile esi 5. doktor ile hasta 6. gazeteci ile avukat 7. amcam ile teyzem 8. hoca ile dgrenci 9. cami ile Kilise ©. Write what you might say or asin these situations ‘Wohat you say or ask: Fxumple: You see your close friend in the morning. > Giinaydin, You: 1. Are leaving your teacher's party at 10 p.m 2. Bumped into someone by accident 3. Want to get someone's attention, 4, Have found a pair of glasses. Would like to find their owner, 5. Have just met someone, Would like to know where she is from, 6. Also would like to know which city s/he is from. 7. Want to learn if your friend's car is old ot now. 8, Want to know his or her car's colorUnit 5 99 P, Answer the following questions, based on the example. Example: Q: Siz pilot musunuz? —> A: Haytr, (ben pilot degilim,) doktorum. 1, Siz djrenci misiniz? 2. Leyla Hamm sizin ablam 3, Bu defter sizin mi? 4, Mr. Johnson ingiliz. mi? 5, Kardesiniz mithendis mi? 6. Esiniz. Amerikalt m1? 7, Zeynep Hamm orada mi? 8, Ahmet Bey midiir mi? m? Q. Find the appropriate response from column B to utterances in column A. A B 1, Merhaba! #, Ginaydin! 2. Cok tegekkiir ederim, . Hos bulduk. 3. Gunaydin! A... Merhabal 4, Allaha ismarladhk, suee d. Arka sokakta, 5, Hos geldiniz. ¢. Saf ol, iyiyim. Sen nasilsin? 6. iyi geceter. — z n? 7, Nasilsin? &. Bir sey dedi. 8. Tanistugamiza memnun oldum, cone b. Gile giile, 9. Ne haber? i, Ben de, 10. Hastane nerede? wwe je lyi geceler. R. Fill in the blanks with appropriate pronouns. Example: aliskan bir Ofencisiniz. —> Siz galigkan bi 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7 8, 9. Ankarali degiliz, tstanbulluyuz. de cok memnun oldum efendim. kimsiniz? ___— ok iyiyim. cok iyi bir 6grenci. Ben kzmirliyim. nerelisiniz? __bu okulda drenciyiz. —____simdi neredesin? benim yakin arkadagimsin,100 Unit 5 S. Fill n the blanks with necessary words or suffixes to form or questions. Example: Bursa m giizel, mi? — Bursa m giizel, Ankara mi? 1, Siz Amerikah mismiz, mi? 2. Bu kitap mi, degil mi? 3. Bu bey aabeyiniz mi, mi? 4, Kirmiza araba ‘mi, Hesan'in m1? 5. Bu defter mi, m? 6. Resimler_ mi, renksiz mi? 7, Arabamz sokakta mi, garajda____? 8. Bu bina klitiphane mi, mu? 9. Bviniz, _mil, kiigtik mii? 10. Sen simdi evde misin, okulda 2 7, Fill inthe blanks withthe correct words or suffixes. When making your selection, pay attention to meaning, vowel harmony rules, and the subject of each sentence Example: Hilton Oteli bu caddede mi? a) evde b)sokakta —¢) caddede-—d) Ankara'da 1, Hilton Oteli__kéede. a) sokak b) say ©)kargida—d) arkada 2. Topkapt Saray Ankara'da___? b) mi e 4) myiz 3. Selim Bey hangi doktor? a)hastanede —b) okulda.——_¢) evde 4) mitzede 4.Cep telefonun __ mi? a) yok ») yeni ©) mt @) var 5. Affedersiniz, Aydin Bey ___ mi? a) evde ) sizde e)orada ——d) tniversitede 6. lyi geceler Hasan a) hamim b)gocuk ——c)efendim —_d) bey 7. Hasan simdievde __ a) degil b) deBil mic) degillim 4) degiliz 8. Siz sehirdensiniz? a) ne b) nereli kim 4) hangi 9, Bu anahtar mi? a) Orhan'n 6) senin ©) babann —d) cocugun 10. Bisiktetin ne renk, kirmizims, mi? a) bilyiik b) sant ©) mavi 4) kickUnits 101 U. Fill in the blanks with the correct suffixes. When making your selection, pay attention to meaning, vowel harmony rules, and the subject of each sentence, Example: Ben dgretmenim, a) sin ) yim im 4) siniz 1. Seniyi bir 6grenci_, a) siniz b) sun ©) yisin @ sin 2. Ben doktor. a) yim b) im um a) uz 3. Biz Turk’ a) yz ») suniz ©) iz uz 4. Siz nereli a) yiz b) simz ©) yim 4) siniz, 5, Sen gok galiskan_ a)im +b) simz c) sin d) sin 6. Siz turist mi__? a) yiz b) simz ) siniz @) yim YV. Write out these numbers in Turkish. Example: 47 — kark yedi a. 25 b.77 ©. 89 a 101 ©. 236 £553 Ww. ‘ranslate into Turkish. 1. one and a half 2, five flowers 3. eight people 4. fifty-two dollars 5. one hundred and eighty lira102 Unit 5 X. Fill in the blanks with the correct words. When making your selection, pay attention to meaning, vowel harmony rules, and the subject of each sentence. Example: Tarih 6gretmenimiz Adanal. a) turuneu b) deniz, ©) Adanalt 4) beklemek 1. Bu koltuk gok a) renk b) Rusya ©) eski 4) tarist 2. Otobiis mi? a) renkli b) durakta ©) yeni 4) turist 3. Bu gézlik__—— mi? a) ben b) senin ©) kim 4) onun 4. Benim arabam gri, bisikletim a) renk b) mavi ©) Allman @) tarih 5. Komsum Amerikalt, Onun Steve. a) rengi b) ad ©) soyad ) milliyeti 6, Ablamin yeni evi igtik. a) renkli b) deniz ©) cok ) saat > a) burada b) Ankaralt ©) sende ) neredeFUNCTIONS king about activities * Describing activities ‘Asking for and giving personal information + Exchanging addresses and phone GRAMMAR [Present progressive tense (aifirmative, negative) + The dative case © The derivative suffix +CE Doner kebab, « Turkish dish made ‘of meat or chicken cooked ona J vertical spit and sliced off to be served, has become a specialty ‘enjoyed around the'world104 Unit6 1, CONVERSATION: Ne yapryorsun? 8 TRACK 17 Hakan is calling his friend Fatih on the phone to make plans for the evening. Hakan: Fatih: Hakan: Fatih: Hakan: Selam Fatih, ne haber? Iyilik, senden ne haber? dinliyoram. Fatih: Hakan: Bu aksam ne yapryorsun? Fatih: Mag saat kagta? Hakan: Sekizde, Fatih: Oldu, ben de geliyorum, Hakan: Tamam, akgama gis Substitution drills 4. Q: Ne yapiyorsun? 2. Q Simadi ne yapryorsun? 3.Q:Bu (yann) (gargamba giinti) (pazar gin) 4. Q: Hafta sonu(nda) ne yapiyorsun? (bu aksam) (bugiin) Q Michael ne yapryor? ‘gam ne yapryorsun? 6. Q: Arkadagin ne yapiyor? (baba) (abla) ohn) *'Ne haber? and iyitik. Ben de iyiyim. Ne yapyyorsun Fatih? Ders galtszyorum. Sen ne yapryorsun? Ben evdeyim. Cay igiyorum ve miizik Maga gidiyorum. Haydi sen de gel. Hi, Fatih, How's it going? Good. How's it going with you? I'm good too. What ate you doing, Fatih? Tm studying. What are you doing? I'mat home. I'm drinking tea and listening to music, What are you doing tonight? I'm going to the game. (Why don't) you come along. What time is the game? At eight o'clock. OK., Tl come, too. OLK,, see you tonight, A: Dinleniyorum, (Oturuyorum.) (Okuyorum.) A: Kitap okuyorum, (gazete) (dergi) A: Maga gidiyorum, (sinemaya) (konsere) (tiyatroya) : Sinemaya gi (Ders galistyorum.) (Mektup yazryorum.) A: Cay igiyor. (kahve) (siit) ‘A: Maga gidiyor. (Mektup yazsyor.) (ahve igiyor,) (Ders galisryor.) have various English equivalents. Translations vaty according to contentUnité los 2. GRAMMAR POINT: Finite verbs ‘The most important element in a Turkish sentence is the finite verb, which usually comes at the end of the sentence. The finite verb most commonly includes at least three elements indicating an action, the time or mood of the action, as well as the person performing the action, Additional elements can be included in the finite verb to expand its meaning. For example, the negative, reciprocal, passive, causative, conditional, abilitative, necessitative or optative verb forms can be expressed with a single Turkish finite verb (whereas several words may be required to express the same in English, which may or may not be part of the predicative verb). 3. GRAMMAR POINT: Negation mn in Turkish. ‘There are three types of neg = Sentences with the verb ro be are always negated by the negation word degil + All verbs except the verb fo be are negated by the negation suffix -mA (-ma, -me), which is inserted between the verb root or stem and the fense or mood ending. + Nonverbal sentences with the existential predicate var are negated by yok (discussed further in the next unit). ‘Maria dgrenci degil, dgretmen. yi At Bu resimde top var. Bu resimde top yok.106 Units 4. GRAMMAR POINT: The present progressive tense The present progressive tense is the most frequently used tense in Turkish. Itis used when the Subject is performing or about to perform an action, In addition, it ean also be used to express the near future, a8 well as repetitive or habitual actions, Typically it corresponds 10 the English present continuous tense (I am coming, you ate going), though with some English verbs, it corresponds to the simple present tense (L understand, he knows), ‘The present progressive tense suffix -yor is a one-way suffix and does not change. -Wyor ~ -(yor, -(iyor, -(u)yor, «yor pee eee jhe buffer leter (1) before the -yor suffix is used afier verb stems ending in @ consonant and follows vowel harmony rules: biliyorum, ahyorum, gértiyorum. The butfer leter is not weed ater verb stems ending in a vowel: uyu- (to sleep) uyuyorum, ytirii- (60 walk) yiriyorum, Personal suffixes used in the present progressi tense | Singular Plural Ist person -um ou 2nd person -sun kal +1y0r + um Affirmative Singular ben Tam staying sen kal tayor+sun you are staying ° kal +1yor sihe is staying Plural biz kal +iyor+uz we are staying siz kal + ayor + you are staying they are staying bil- ((0 know) biliyorum I know biliyorsun you know biliyor s/he knows biliyoruz we know biliyorsunuz you know biliyor(ar) they know Cay i 31 Because the vowel o in the personal suffix. gir (to see) goriiyorum I see gorliyorsun you see goriiyor s/he sees goriiyoruz we see goriiyorsunuz you see goriyor(lar) they see rum. | am drinking tea Agabeyim yeni bir araba ah Garsamba giinii Ankara'ya gidi (yor suffix remains constant, note that each person has only one version of the oku- (10 read) okuyorum I am reading okuyorsun you are reading okuyor s/he is reading okuyoruz we are reading okuyorsunuz you are reading okuyor(lar) they are reading tyor. My older brother is buying a new car. iyoruz, We are going to Ankara on Wednesday.106 Units 4, GRAMMAR POINT: the near future, as well as repetitive or habitual English present continuous tense (I am coming, verbs, it corresponds to the simple present tense (I The present progressive tense The present progressive tense is the most frequently subject is performing or about to perform an action. used tense in Turkish. It is used when the In addition, it can also be used to express actions. Typically it corresponds to the you are going), though with some English understand, he knows). ‘The present progressive tense suffix -yor is a one-way suffix and does not change. [ -Myor > -(yor, -{i)yor, -(u)yor, -(i)yor ‘The buffer letter (I) before the follows vowel harmony rules: after verb stems ending in iyorum, alryoram, Sere ‘or suffix is used after verb stems ending in a consonant and gbrtiyorum. The buffer letter is not used & vowel: uyu- (to sleep) uyuyorum, yiirit- (to walk) yiirtiyorum, Personal suffixes used in the present progressive tense ee | | Ist person -um 2nd person -sun 3rd person @ Singular Affirmative Singular kal + 1yor + um kal +1yor + sun kal +1yor kal +1yor + uz kal + sunuz kal + syor + (lar) Plural onlar bil- (10 know) biliyorum I know biliyorsun you know biliyor s+he knows biliyoruz. we know biliyorsunuz you know biliyor(lar) they know Cay igiyorum. I am drinking tea Agabeyim yeni bir araba ahyor. Cargamba giiné Ankar: g6r- (0 see) gérityorum I see g6riiyorsun you see gortiyor s/he sees goriiyoruz we see 31 Because the vowel o in the “(yor suifix remains constant, personal suffix, goriiyorsunuz you see gorilyor(lar) they see My older brother is buying a new car. #'ya gidiyoruz, We are going to Ankara on Wednesday. ‘note that each person has only one version of the Plural ou -sunuz 2 tart | Tam staying you are staying sihe is staying we are staying yor + you are staying they are staying oku- (10 read) okuyorum I am reading okuyorsun you are reading okuyor s/he is reading oknyoruz, we are reading okuyorsunuz you are reading okuyor(lar) they are readingUnité wor Osrenciler simifta ders ¢ahgiyor(lar). The students are studying in the classroom, Q: Bugiin ne yapryorsun?’? What are you doing today? A: Kuzumla aligverise gidiyorum, I am going shopping with my daughter. Q: Mustafa Bey hangi otelde kahyor? Which hotel is Mr. Mustafa staying at? A; Ankara Otelinde kahyor. He is staying at the Ankara Hotel. Pronunciation, Vowel Harmony, Additional Usage + The primary accent of the word falls on the syllable immediately preceding the -yor suffix: geliyor, okuyorum, biliyoruz.°? * The final t of the verbs git- (to go) and et- (to do) changes to d in the present progressive tense: gidiyor (sihe is going), tekrar ediyorlar (they are repeating). * The final vowel of any verb stem ending in a low vowel (a ot e) becomes a high vowel (1, i, u, ) immediately preceding the -yor suffix. This change occurs in both written and spoken Turkish and includes the monosyllabic verb stems: de- (to say) —> diyor (s/he is saying), ye- (to eat) — yiyorsunuz (you are cating). In polysyllabic verb stems ending in a vowel, the change is dictated by the first vowel of the stem based on vowel harmony rules: ‘oyna- (to play) — oynuyorum (I am playing), gizle- (to observe) — gizliiyoruz (we are observing), as illustrated in the following examples. bagla- (to begin) séyle- to say bashyorum I am beginning soyliiyorum I am saying baghyorsun you are beginning soyliiyorsun you are saying bashyor sihe is beginning soylilyor s/he is saying baslyoruz we are beginning sbyliiyoruz we are saying bashyorsunuz. you are beginning sdylilyorsunuz you are saying bashyor(lar) they are beginning séyliiyor(lar) they are saying + The present progressive tense can also express the near future and repetitive or habitual actions. Yari miizeye gidiyorum. I am going to the museum tomorrow. (near future) Artik her giin erken kalktyorum. I get up eatly every day now. (repetitive) Ali sabahlari saat onda ige gidiyor. Ali goes to work at 10 o'clock in the mornings. (habitual) fe yapryorsun is pronounced [na-piyosun} in casual speeck, 53 In casual speech, the r atthe end of the -yor suffix is usually dropped when it falls atthe end of the word or before a suffix that starts with a consonant: geliyor (geliyo), geliyorlar [geliyolar}, and s0 op.EXERCISES A. Give the present progressive forms of the following verbs corresponding to the pronouns provided. Example: ale (he) —* alyyor 2.tamag- (we) (yousing.) 4. gals. (they) 5. oyna- (you/pl.) 6. bgren- (1) 7. konug- (we) 8. tam (she) 9. tesekkiir et- (we) 10. ye- (he) B. Provide the correct personal pronouns. Example: (_) burada iki gin kallyorum. > (Ben) burada iki giin kahyorum. (her giin evde oturuyor: ( }de sinemaya gidiyorum. ( ) ders galistyorlar, (-) yarm Ankara'ya gidiyoruz. (_) gok sigara igiyorsunuz. (_) bu aksam geliyor, (e-mail gonderiyorum. (__) yartn tiyatroya gidiyoruz, (_) gok ders gabisryorsun, (_ )selam sdyliiyor. C. Provide the appropriate personal endings. Example: Ben cay seviyor —> Ben gay seviyorum, 1. Sen nerede oturuyor__? 2. Babam gazete okuyor__ 3. Biz Ankara'da tg gin Kalry 4. Siz.gok giizel konusuyor___, 5. Zeynep'le Aydin gu evde oturuyor 6. Ben her sabah saat yedide kalkiyor 7. Annem de aligverig yapiyor_ 8 Sen nerede galigtyor__?Unité 109 EXERCISE: NE YAPIYORLAR? = | | 4. Dedem gazete | 8 | ' 1 | =e | } || ‘ | + 4 6. Ayga kitap,nee 110 Units Substitution drills A: Ders ealigryorum, (kitap oku) (mektup yaz) 2. Q: Nereye gidiyorsunuz? A: Sinemaya gidiyorum, (konsere) (aligverige) 3. Q: Kardesiniz kimle komuguyor? A: Ali'yle konuguyor, (oyna) (bulus) 4. Q Ash nerede oturuyor? A: Kadikéy'de oturuyor. (kal) (vasa) ity: Guided conversation 1. Q: Nerede oturayorsunuz? A: Ankara'da 2. Q: Hangi gehirde yasryorsunuz? A: Boston'da . 3. Q: Nerede okuyorsunuz? A: Universitede _ 4.Q: Nerede galistyorsunuz? A: Bankada 5. Q: Anneniz nerede galisiyor? A: Annem 6. Q: Babaniz hangi sehirde yasiyor? A: Babam EXERCISE: Answer the following questions. Example: Simdi ne yapryorsunuz? Yemek yiyorum, 1. Siz nerede kalryorsunuz? 2. Kardesiniz nerede okuyor? 3. Sen ne yiyorsun? 4, Arkadagimiz ne yapryor? 5. Kim(in)le konusuyorsunuz? 6. Teyzeniz nerede oturayor? 7. Anneniz nerede alisverig yapryor?‘The negative suffix immediately preceding the -yor suffix. mk: (4 Singular ben ° kal + mayor Plural biz bil- (to know) bilmiyorum I don't know bilmiyorsun you don't know bilmiyor she doesn't know bilmiyoruz we don't know bilmiyorsunuz you don't know bilmiyor(lar) they don't know oku- (to read) okumuyorum Iam not reading okumuyorsun you are not reading okumuyor s/he is not reading okumuyoruz, we are not reading okumuyorsunuz. you are not reading okumuyor(lar) they are not reading Used to express emphasis or contrast, kal + myoruz siz kal + mayorsunuz, onlar kal + mayor(lar) A: Arzu Hamm ne yapryor? What is (Ms.) Arzu doing? B: Ablastyla konusuyor. She is talking to her older sister. A; Ablasi ne yapryor? What is her older sister doing? B: Arzu Hantm’i dinlemiyor. She is not listening to (Ms.) Arzu, AS Recall that cach Turkish personal suffix aleady denotes a Units ut The present progressive tense: Negative ma, -me) is inserted between the verb stem and the -yor suffix. The final low vowel (a, e) of the negative suffix (-ma, ~Me) becomes a high vowel (1, i, u, ti) kal + myorum sen kal + muyorsun Tam not staying you are not staying she is not staying we are not staying You are not staying they are not staying gir- (to see) gormilyorum I don't see génmilyorsun you don't see gérmiiyor s/he doesn't see g6rmiiyoruz we don't see g6rmiiyorsunuz you don't see gbimdlyor(ur) they don't see oyna- (to play) oynamryorum Iam not playing ‘oynamnyorsun_ you are not playing oynamuyor s/he is not playing ‘oynamyoruz..we are not playing oynamyorsunuz you are not playing oynamuyor(lar) they are not playing \ Bugitn ise gitmiyorum. I am not going to work today Ailem istanbul'da oturmuyor. My family doesn't live in Is Ben cok kitap okuyorum, ama sen okumuyorsun. Girenciler smava haztrlantyorlar. The students are inbul. Tread many books but you don't getting ready for the exam. Specific person and that pronouns are generallyPronunciation The negative suffix -mA always places the primary accent to the syllable that precedes the suffix. Thus, in verbal negative forms, the primary accent of the word is on the syllable immediately preceding the negative suffix: Tesekktir ederim, ben gay igmiyorun. (Thank you, [but] Tam not drinking tea.) Zeynep Kadikoy'de oturmuyor. (Zeynep does not live in Kadikoy.) Mary Hanim cahsiyor. Ebru calsmyor, dinleniyor. EXERCISES A. Give the negative present progressive forms of the following verbs corresponding to the pronouns provided, Example: al- (he) > almyor 1. bik () 2. Konus: (they) 3. hazirla- (we) 4. caltg- (she) gel- (you/sing.) ‘§ren- (1) oyna: (you/pl.) tams- (they) eae B. Negate the following sentences. Example: Ben cok cay igiyorum. —> Ben ok cay igmiyorum. 1. Annem Ankara'da yastyor. John dgretmenlik yapryor. (John is working as a teacher.) Ofgrenciler ders galigiyorlar. Siz cok gizel Turkce konusuyorsunuz. Biz. Bursalda oturnyoruz, Arzu, ablasina bakiyor Yarin akgam Ankara'ya gidiyorum. Ayge Hamm amnenle tanisryor. Hasan Bey annesine telefon ediyor. 2, 3, 4. 5, 6. 7 8 9.Unit 6 HB CC. Fill in the blank with the correct word, Example: Annem bugtin hasta, caligauyor. a) galigmyorum ) caligmuyor c) galistyoruz —d) calisrmyorlar 1. Ben buotelde a) kalyyorsun 6) kaltyorum —_) kalmiyor 4) kaltyoruz, 2. Biz her giin gazete : a) okuyorsun —) okuyorlar_ cc) okuyorum =—_d) okumuyoruz 3. Sen simdi ne 2 a) yaplyorsun —b) yaprmyoruz —_¢) yapryor ) yapryorsunuz, 4. Sizsoru a a) sormuyor ——) sormuyorum —¢) sormuyorsun —_d) sormuyorsunuz 5.Annem sit a) igmiyoruz ——_b) igmiyorlar_ —¢) igmiyor _d) igmiyorum Class activity ‘Take tums asking and answering these questions in small groups. Example: Cok tclevizyon izliyor musunuz? > Evet, gok televizyon izliyorum. Hayur, cok televizyon izlemiyorum, 1. Yemek yapiyor wuz? 2. Kitap okuyor musunuz’? 3. Dans ediyor musunuz? 4, Sigara igiyor musunuz? 5. Sarki sbyltiyor musunuz? 6, Turkce konusuyor musunuz? 7. Spor yapiyor musanuz? is 5. LISTENING 8 TRACK 18 The passage below will be read slowly. As you listen, fill in the blanks with the missing words. Benim adim Halil Akca. Ankaralyim, ama simdi istanbulda . Lisede @gretmenim, Esim Ayla da S§retmen. Esimle ben aymt okulda Biz her sabah saat yedide ve kahvalt. yapryoruz. Kahvaluda gay igiyoruz. Ben sit - Saat sekizde evden giktyoruz. Okula otobiisle gidiyoruz, Okulumuz o kadar | zak degil. Benim derslerim saat onda __. Giinde drt saat dersim var. Derste grenciler bana sorular soruyorlar. Ben de onlanin sorularina cevap. Saat dortte okuldan gikiyoruz. Algverig yapiyoruz. Saat altida aksam yemeBi_____. Akgamlart dinleniyoruz. Gazete veya kitap okuyoruz. Cumartesi ve pazar giinleri okula