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in Animals
Regents Biology
2008-2009
supplies in
fuel (sugars)
digestive system
oxygen
respiratory system
waste out
CO2
respiratory system
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circulatory
system
Simple organisms
When your body is only 2-cell layers thick, you can
get supplies in and waste out just through diffusion
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Biology
Jellyfish
Hydra
Complex organisms
Circulatory system
made up of 3 parts
organ
heart
Circulatory systems
All animals have:
muscular pump = heart
tubes = blood vessels
circulatory fluid = blood
open
hemolymph
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closed
blood
Vertebrate Heart
4-Chambered heart
atria (atrium)
thin wall
collection chamber
left
atrium
receive blood
ventricles
thick wall pump
right
pump blood out atrium
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right
ventricle
left
ventricle
fish
2 chamber
amphibian
3 chamber
A
V
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reptiles
3 chamber
A
V
A
V
A
V
A
V
Lub-dub, lub-dub
4 valves in the heart
SL
Heart sounds
closing of valves
Lub
AV
AV
closed AV valves
Dub
force of blood against
semilunar valves
Heart murmur
leaking valve causes hissing sound
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blood squirts backward through valve
Electrical signals
stimulates ventricles
to contract from
bottom to top, driving
blood into arteries
Cardiac Cycle
ventricles
fill
How is this
reflected in
blood pressure
measurements?
systolic
________
diastolic
chambers fill
pump
(peak pressure)
_________________
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fill
(minimum pressure)
110
________
80
ventricles
pump
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Regents Biology
2008-2009
Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
Regents Biology
2008-2009
Blood vessels
arteries
veins
artery
venules
arterioles
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
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pressure even
when heart relaxes
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Major arteries
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Blood flows
toward heart
Closed valve
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Major Veins
superior
vena cava =
from
upper body
pulmonary
vein =
from lung
inferior
Regentsvena
Biology cava = from lower body
pulmonary
vein =
from lung
Structure-function relationship
Capillaries
very thin walls
allows diffusion of
materials across
capillary
waste
body cell
CO2
food, waste
O2
food
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Circulation of Blood
Circulation
to lungs
2 part system
Circulation to lungs
lungs
lungs to heart
heart
Circulation to body
pumps O2-rich blood to body
picks up nutrients from
digestive system
collects CO2 & cell wastes
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body
Circulation
to body
artery
to lungs
body
artery
to body
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Liver
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Bone
Spleen
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ATP
Homeostasis
Exercise
food
O2
CO2
waste
Disease
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Regents Biology
2008-2009
Circulatory System
Blood
Regents Biology
2008-2009
plasma
liquid part of blood
dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more
cells
red blood cells (RBC)
transport O2 in hemoglobin
white blood cells (WBC)
defense & immunity
platelets
blood clotting
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ribs, vertebrae,
breastbone & pelvis
Stem cells
parent cells
in bone
marrow
differentiate
into many
different types
of cells
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red blood
cells
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Hemoglobin
Protein which carries O2
O2
O2
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O2
O2
Blood clotting
chemical
emergency
signals
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platelets
seal the hole
protein fibers
build the clot
Cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis
normal artery
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hardening of arteries
Cardiovascular health
Risk Factors
genetics
diet
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bypass surgery
Heart Disease
Heart disease death rates 1996-2002
Adults ages 35 and older
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Risk factors
Smoking
Lack of exercise
High fat diet
Overweight
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Regents Biology
2008-2009