CYTOPLAS

Cytoplasm
is present within the cell
membrane of all cell types and
contains all organelles and cell
parts
jelly-like fluid that fills a cell which
is made up of salt and water (about
80% )
contains molecules
dissolved in
solution such as enzymes which are

Function of
Cytoplasm

responsible for giving a cell its

shape.
it helps to fill out the cell and
keeps organelles in their place.
where most cellular activities
occur, such as manymetabolic
pathwaysincludingglycolysis,
and processes such ascell

 Waste

Function of
Cytoplasm

products
are
also
dissolved before they are taken
in by vacuoles or sent out of the
cell.

Without cytoplasm, the cell

would be deflated and materials
would not be able to pass easily
from one organelle to another
8

Function of
Cytoplasm

More than Filling

The cytosol in a cell does more than
just suspend the organelles. It uses its
dissolvedenzymesto break down all
of those larger molecules. The
products can then be used by the
organelles of the cell.Glucosemay
exist
in
the
cytosol
but
the
mitochondria can't use it for fuel. The
cytosol has enzymes that break

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11

Cytoplasm - Filling
Fluid
Scientists used to
call the fluid protoplasm.
Early on, they didn't know about the many
different types of fluids in the cell. There is
special
fluid
in
themitochondria,endoplasmic
reticulum,Golgi apparatus, andnucleus.
The only two 'plasms' left are cytoplasm(the
fluid in the cell also calledcytosol)
andnucleoplasm(the fluid in the nucleus).
Each of those fluids has a very different
composition.
The cell organelles are suspended in the
cytosol.
You
will
learn 12 that
the

13

Special Fluids in the

Nucleus
Nucleoplasm
has a little different
composition. Nucleoplasm can only be
found inside of thenucleus. It doesn't
have big organelles in suspension. The
nucleoplasm
is
thesuspension
fluidthat holds the cell'schromatin
andnucleolus. It is not always present
in the nucleus. When the cell divides,
the nuclear membrane dissolves and
the nucleoplasm is released. After the
cell
nucleus
has
reformed,
the
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15

16

The three major

elements of the
cytoplasm

Cytosol

Organelles
Inclusions

17

Cytosol

is the portion of the cytoplasm not

contained within membrane-bound
organelles
confined by the boundaries of a
matrix which fills the part of the
cell that does not contain organelles
makes up about 70% of the cell
volume and is a complex mixture
ofcytoskeletonfilaments, dissolved
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19

Cytosol

The inner, granular and more

fluid portion of the cytoplasm
is referred to as endoplasm.
Within the cells ofeukaryote
organisms the contents of
thecell
nucleusare
separated
from
the
cytoplasm, and are then
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21

22

Proteins in differentcellular
compartments and structures tagged
withgreen fluorescent protein

23

Due to this network of fibres

and high concentrations of
dissolvedmacromolecules,
such asproteins, an effect
calledmacromolecular
crowdingoccurs
and
the
cytosol does not act as anideal
solution. This crowding effect
alters how the components of
24

Organelles

(literally "little organs"), are

usually
membrane-bound
structures inside the cell that
have specific functions.
Some major organelles that
are suspended in the cytosol
are
themitochondria,
theendoplasmic
reticulum,
theGolgi

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26

Cytoplasmic
areinclusions
small particles of insoluble

they
substances suspended in the cytosol.
A huge range exist in different cell
types, and range from crystals of
calcium oxalateorsilicon dioxidein
plants, to granules of energy-storage
materials such asstarch, glycogen,
orpolyhydroxybutyrate
example arelipid droplets, which are
spherical droplets composed of lipids
and proteins that are used in both
27

28

29

 The

cell organelles are

suspended in the cytosol.
You
will
learn
that
themicrofilamentsandm
icrotubulesset
up
a
"skeleton" of the cell and
the cytosol fills the spaces.
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31

Movement in cytoplasm
Movement

of calcium ions in and

out of the cytoplasm is thought to
be
a signaling activity
for metabolic processes.

In plants, movements of the

cytoplasm around vacuoles are
known as cytoplasmic streaming.
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